Unity Secondary School

Chemistry/Science Chemistry
Chapter 2 : Measurement and Experimental Techniques

Name: __________________________________ Class: __________ Date: ___________

At the end of the chapter,

S/N I am able to …… Yes No

name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume, including
1.
burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders and gas syringes
suggest suitable apparatus, given relevant information, for a variety of simple experiments, including
2.
collection of gases and measurement of rates of reaction.

2.1 S.I. Units

 The modern metric system used to measure quantities of different things is called the ______________________ of Units (S.I.
Units) __________________ for measurements

Base Quantity Name of SI unit Symbol of SI unit

Time Second
Length Metre
Mass Kilogram
Temperature Kelvin
Amount of substance Mole
Electric current Ampere

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 Mass Time Temperature Volume
S.I Unit _____________ ___________________________
_____________ __________ (Note that there is no 1 m3 = 1000 dm3
degree sign (o) before __ )
0 K = −273oC 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

Other gram (g), minute (min), cubic centimetre (cm3),

degree Celsius (oC)
units tonne (t) hour (h) cubic decimetre (dm3)
Equipment 1. Beam balance 1. Analogue 1. Mercury or alcohol Apparatus Volumes Accuracy
stopwatch thermometer Beaker 100ml, Estimate volumes
2. E___________ (accuracy: - Measurement of 250ml,
_______________ ±0.1s) temperature of 500ml
__________ or reaction Measuring 100ml, Estimate volumes
mixtures cylinder 250ml (accuracy: measures up
- Range of −10oC to to ______________)
- Precise weighing 110oC (accuracy: **Burette 50.00cm3 Accurately measures
of ______ amounts ____________) ________________
of substances 2. Digital
volumes (accuracy:
(with an accuracy stopwatch 2. Data nearest ± ________m3)
of : _________) (accuracy: logger **Pipette 20.0cm3, Accurately measures
±0.01s) - Connected to a 25.0cm3, ____________ volumes
*ensure that the pan temperature sensor
of the balance is
clean and dry before - More ___________ Gas Max 100 Measures volume of
use than thermometer syringe cm3 _______.
- can record data
b
______________ over a
pl
period of time

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2.2 Reading volumes
 Reading volumes of liquids:
1. Align your eyes to the liquid level

2. Convex meniscus: read the scale at the ___________ of the meniscus

3. Concave meniscus: read the scale at the _____________ of the meniscus

Convex meniscus Concave meniscus

2.3 Selecting suitable apparatus for experiments

 In many experiments, gases are given off. To collect a gas, two factors must be considered:

1. ___________________ of the gas in water

2. ____________________ of the gas compared to ____________

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 (a) Methods for Collecting Gases
Physical
Properties of the Method Name Experimental Setup Examples of gases
gas to consider

 Suitable to collect gases that are __________ or

only _______ _________ in water

 Examples: carbon dioxide CO2, hydrogen H2,

oxygen O2,

Density of gas  Suitable to collect gases that are _________ in

compared to air water and _________ than air
(general guide:
molecular mass ˃ 30)  Examples: chlorine gas Cl2, hydrogen chloride HCl,

Density of gas  Suitable to collect gases that are_________ in

compared to air water and _____ _________ than air
(general guide:
molecular mass ˂30) Examples: ammonia NH3 , hydrogen H2

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 (b) Drying Agent : to remove moisture content
Chemical Name Chemical
Experimental Setup Examples of gases
of drying agent Formula
All gases except alkaline gas such as
ammonia (NH3)

Why?
H2SO4
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
All gases except acidic gases such as
sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Why?
_____________
CaO ________________________________
(Quicklime)
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

____________/
Anhydrous calcium CaCl2 All gases except ammonia (NH3)
chloride

(c) Measuring volume of gases

A gas syringe is used to measure the volume of a gas. (can collect gas of any density)
The gas syringe measures a maximum volume of 100 cm 3.
*This apparatus is important in measuring the speed of reactions.
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