Q: Consider the IP address: 157.110.88.0.

We need 30 subnets in such a way that

each subnet may host upto 64 hosts.

i- This address is of which type?

A: As first byte is between 127 and 192 so it is a class B address.

ii- How many bits will be required for subnet ID?

A: No. of subnets = 2^bits-2
30 = 2^n-2
30 + 2 = 2^n
32 = 2^n
2^5 = 2^n
therefore, 5 = n

iii- how many usuable subnets will be there?

A: here n = 5
Usuable subnets = (2^n)-2
= (2^5)-2
= 32-2
= 30

iv- What will be the subnet mask?

A: As class B address, so 16 bits for network ID and 16 bits for host ID.
Now we have 30 subnets, so we need 5 bits for subnet ID(see ii-)
we will borrow these 5 bits from host bits.
we will turn on these 5 bits in default subnet mask of class B.
Default subnet mask is:
in decimal: 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
in binary : 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
after turning on 5 bits(as mentioned above) we will get our subnet mask.
Subnet mask is:
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
binary: 11111111.11111111.1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0.00000000
128 192 224 240 248

decimal: 255 . 255 . 248 .0

so subnet mask is:

255.255.248.0

v- What will be the address of 47th host of 25th subnet?

A:
Given IP address is: 157.110.88.0
find Network ID:

Address: 10011101 01101110 01010000 00000000

Subnet Mask: 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
AND -------- -------- -------- --------
Network ID: 10011101 01101110 00000000 00000000
157 110 0 0

so network ID is: 157.110.0.0

first subnet is not used.

first and last hosts are not avaliable.So 62 hosts/subnet.

The address of 47th host of 25th subnet is 157.110.7.112. (as found below)

Subnet 1: 157.110.0.64
Host 1: 157.110.0.65
Host 2: 157.110.0.66
.
.
 Host 62: 157.110.0.126

Subnet 2: 157.110.0.128
Host 1: 157.110.0.129
Host 2: 157.110.0.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.0.190

Subnet 3: 157.110.0.192
Host 1: 157.110.0.193
Host 2: 157.110.0.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.0.254

Subnet 4: 157.110.1.0
Host 1: 157.110.1.1
Host 2: 157.110.1.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.1.62

Subnet 5: 157.110.1.64
Host 1: 157.110.1.65
Host 2: 157.110.1.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.1.126

Subnet 6: 157.110.1.128
Host 1: 157.110.1.129
Host 2: 157.110.1.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.1.190

Subnet 7: 157.110.1.192
Host 1: 157.110.1.193
Host 2: 157.110.1.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.1.254

Subnet 8: 157.110.2.0
Host 1: 157.110.2.1
Host 2: 157.110.2.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.2.62

Subnet 9: 157.110.2.64
Host 1: 157.110.2.65
Host 2: 157.110.2.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.2.126

Subnet 10: 157.110.2.128

Host 1: 157.110.2.129
Host 2: 157.110.2.130
.
 .
Host 62: 157.110.2.190

Subnet 11: 157.110.2.192

Host 1: 157.110.2.193
Host 2: 157.110.2.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.2.254

Subnet 12: 157.110.3.0

Host 1: 157.110.3.1
Host 2: 157.110.3.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.3.62

Subnet 13: 157.110.3.64

Host 1: 157.110.3.65
Host 2: 157.110.3.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.3.126

Subnet 14: 157.110.3.128

Host 1: 157.110.3.129
Host 2: 157.110.3.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.3.190

Subnet 15: 157.110.91.192

Host 1: 157.110.91.193
Host 2: 157.110.91.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.91.254

Subnet 16: 157.110.4.0

Host 1: 157.110.4.1
Host 2: 157.110.4.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.4.62

Subnet 17: 157.110.4.64

Host 1: 157.110.4.65
Host 2: 157.110.4.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.4.126

Subnet 18: 157.110.4.128

Host 1: 157.110.4.129
Host 2: 157.110.4.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.4.190

Subnet 19: 157.110.4.192

Host 1: 157.110.4.193
Host 2: 157.110.4.194
.
.
 Host 62: 157.110.4.254

Subnet 20: 157.110.5.0

Host 1: 157.110.5.1
Host 2: 157.110.5.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.5.62

Subnet 21: 157.110.5.64

Host 1: 157.110.5.65
Host 2: 157.110.5.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.5.126

Subnet 22: 157.110.5.128

Host 1: 157.110.5.129
Host 2: 157.110.5.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.5.190

Subnet 23: 157.110.5.192

Host 1: 157.110.5.193
Host 2: 157.110.5.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.5.254

Subnet 24: 157.110.6.0

Host 1: 157.110.6.1
Host 2: 157.110.6.2
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.6.62

Subnet 25: 157.110.6.64

Host 1: 157.110.6.65
Host 2: 157.110.6.66
.
.
Host 47: 157.110.6.112
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.6.126

Subnet 26: 157.110.6.128

Host 1: 157.110.6.129
Host 2: 157.110.6.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.6.190

Subnet 27: 157.110.6.192

Host 1: 157.110.6.193
Host 2: 157.110.6.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.6.254

Subnet 28: 157.110.7.0

Host 1: 157.110.7.1
Host 2: 157.110.7.2
 .
.
Host 62: 157.110.7.62

Subnet 29: 157.110.7.64

Host 1: 157.110.7.65
Host 2: 157.110.7.66
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.7.126

Subnet 30: 157.110.7.128

Host 1: 157.110.7.129
Host 2: 157.110.7.130
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.7.190

//////////////////////////////
Subnet 31: 157.110.7.192
Host 1: 157.110.7.193
Host 2: 157.110.7.194
.
.
Host 62: 157.110.7.254