ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS
PROJECT
WORK 2019
AMMAR HAZIQ BIN ANNAS
SEKOLAH AGAMA MENENGAH TINGGI TENGKU
AMPUAN JEMAAH
(SAMTTAJ)
5 SAINS 2
0
 INTRODUCTION

“Assalamualaikum and thank you to Dr. Maszlee Malik,

the Minister of Education (Malaysia). Thank you to the
District Education Office (PPD) for this wonderful
assignment which does not burden all students who’re
taking Additional Mathematical subjects. Also thank you
to Teacher Syazlin Elisa for teaching us Additional
Mathematics.
As we know, Additional Mathematics is a subject that
many students fear because it needs complex thinking and
calculations for a school student. This is one of the factors
why many students fail in this subject.
By giving an assignment such as this, it will make the
student’s visions clearer on the applications of Additional
Mathematics in our daily lives or in our future. Hence, the
students will realize how important Additional
Mathematics is.
I hope students after this will not learn this subject
just to pass an examination but learn for their future
problem-solving skill.”

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 INDEKS

SECTION A
2
COMPOUND INTEREST

Compound interest is the summation of interest to the principal

sum of a deposit or loan. In other words, it is interest upon interest. This
is the result of reinvesting interest rather than paying it out, resulting
the interest in the next period earned is based on the principal sum plus
the previously accrued interest. Compound interest is standard in
economics and finance.

This concept of compounding interest is thought to have

originated from the 17th Century Italy as “interest on interest” that also
implies a sum will grow at a more rapid rate than of simple interest- that
is calculated only based on the principal amount.

The rate at which compound interest accumulates is dependent on

the frequency of compounding, such that the increase in the number of
compounding periods will result in a greater compound interest. Hence,
the amount of compound interest accrued on RM 10,000 compounded
at 5% annually will be lower than that on RM 10,000 compounded at
2.5% semi-annually over the same period. Professionals across the
finance and economics industries coined the phrase “miracle of
compound interest” since the interest-on-interest effect can generate
increasingly positive returns based on the initial principal amount.

MATHEMATICS IN COMPOUND INTEREST

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 Compound interest is calculated based on the principal sum,
interest rate- annual percentage rate (APR), and the time involved using
these formulas.
When the interest is compounded annually / per annum / once a year:
A = P(1+r)^(t)

A = the amount of money accumulated after n years, including interest.

P = the principal sum (the initial amount you deposit or borrow)
r = the annual rate of interest (percentage)
t = the number of years the amount is deposited or borrowed for.
Applying the formula for the given situation (if you borrow for 5 years
the formula will look like):
A = P(1+r)^(5)

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This formula applies to both money invested and money borrowed.
Another formula that can be applied is:

A = P(1+r/n)^(nt)

A = the amount of money accumulated after n years, including interest.

P = the principal sum (the initial amount you deposit or borrow)
r = the rate of interest (percentage)
t = the number of years the amount is deposited or borrowed for.
n = the number of compoundings in any one year.

This formula can be applied when the compounding of interest in a year

is more than once. For instance, if the interest compounded yearly, then
n = 1; if semi-annually, then n = 2; quarterly, then n = 4; monthly, then n
= 12; weekly, then n = 52; daily, then n = 365; and so forth, regardless of
the number of years involved.

SECTION B
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 Using Microsoft excel, we can generate the table as below. Note
that the amount saved in the current year is 1.1 times the amount saved
in the preceding year. The cumulative amount is the sum of the amount
saved in the current year and the cumulative amount saved in the
preceding year.

Year Amount Saved (RM) Cumulative Amount (RM)

1 10,000 10,000
2 11,000 21,000
3 12,100 33,100
4 13,310 46,410
5 14,641 61,051
6 16,105 77,156
7 17,716 94,872
8 19,487 114,359
9 21,436 135,795
10 23,579 159,374
11 25,937 185,312
12 28,531 213,843
13 31,384 245,227
14 34,523 279,750
15 37,975 317,725
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 16 41,772 359,497
17 45,950 405,447
18 50,545 455,992
19 55,599 511,591
20 61,159 572,750
21 67,275 640,025
22 74,002 714,027
23 81,403 795,430
24 89,543 884,973
25 98,497 983,471

USING FORMULA
Using the formula, we can also find the total sum, J that should be
received after a period of time n years.
J = P(1+r/100)^(n)

P = starting principal
r = rate of compound interest
n = number of years of investment

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The amount saved in the first year is
J2 = 10,000[1+(10/100)]^(1) = 11,000

The amount saved in the second year is

J3 = 10,000[1+(10/100)]^(2) = 12,100

The amount saved in the third year is

J4 = 10,000[1+(10/100)]^(3) = 13,310

and so forth…..

The amount saved in the 25th year is

J25 = 10,000[1+(10/100)]^(24) = 98,497

Since the calculated values using the formula is tallied with the
values tabulated at the table above using Microsoft Excel.
Therefore, the formula of J is applicable.

Hence, the total amount saved after 25 year is

= J1 + J2 + J3 +…+J25
=10,000 + 10,000(1.1) + 10,000(1.1)^(2) +…10,000(1.1)^(25)

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We can use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of arithmetic
progression as below
10,000[1.1^(25)-1]
=_________________
1.1-1
=RM983,471

CONCLUSION
Therefore, we can conclude that the dream of saving at least RM 1
million after 25 years can not be realized as RM 983,471 is less than RM
1,000,000.

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SECTION 3
District Price Index Number of Weightage Iw
Houses
Gombak (385,000/295,000) 215 10 1,305.1
x 100 = 130.51
Hulu Langat (320,000/260,000) 325 15 1,846.2
x 100 = 123.08
Klang (230,000/185,000) 298 14 1,740.48
x 100 = 124.32
Petaling (550,000/360,000) 709 33 5,041.74
x 100 = 152.78
Sepang (205,000/145,000) 43 2 282.76
x 100 = 141.38

Therefore, the composite index

I = (1,305.1+1,846.2+1,740.48+5,041.74+282.76)/(10+15+14+33+2)
=10,216.28/74
=138.06

Using the formula of composite price index below that is derived from
chain rule,
I05,38 = (I x I )/100
05,30 10,18

Given that the composite index for the year 2018 based on the year
2010 remain unchanged,
I05,38 = (138.06 x 100)/100
I05,38 = 138.06

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Hence, using the price index formula, the market price of houses in the
Klang Valley in 2018
I05,18 = (P /P )x100
18 05

138.06 = (P / 292,157)x100
18

P = 403,351.95
18

Using the formula of composite price index below that is derived from
chain rule,
I05,25 = (I x I )/100
05,18 18,25

I05,25 = (138.06x112)/100
I05,25 = 154.63

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SECTION 4
Stage 3 is made in Adobe Photoshop by me

Stage 3

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Stage 4 Pythagora’s tree is constructed by me in Adobe Photoshop

Stage 4

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 Table 2
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 … 10 … n
Number of outer squares 2 4 8 16 32 1024 2^(n)

Method 1:
The sequence presented by the number of the outer squares of the Pythagora’s
Tree is a Geometric Progression because
T2 / T1 = 4/2 , T3 / T2 = 8/4 =2
T2 / T1 = T3 / T2
Hence, using the Geometric Progression formula,
Tn = ar^(n-1) where a is the first term and r is the ratio between two consecutive
terms.
r = T2 / T1 = 4/2 = 2
Tn = 2(2)^(n-1)
= 2[2^(n)][2^(-1)]
= 2[2^(n)](1/2)
= 2^(n)

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 Table 3
Distance from tip of nose to bottom of chin (a) 8.5 10.0 8.7 7.8 7.3 7.6
Distance from centre of lips to bottom of chin (b) 4.8 6.0 5.4 4.5 4.1 4.9
Value of a:b 1.771 1.667 1.611 1.733 1.780 1.551

The ratios obtained from 6 different people are tabulated in the Table 3.
The values of the distance from tip of nose to bottom of chin (a) and the distance
from centre of lips to bottom of chin (b) that are taken above are independent and
random. Both a and b are related by taking the ratio a:b which will give us values
that are approximated to the golden ratio that has an approximate value of 1.618
with an uncertainty of -@+0.1.

Gross value of a = (8.5 + 10.0 + 8.7 + 7.8 + 7.3 + 7.6) / 6 = 8.317

Gross value of b = (4.8 + 6.0 + 5.4 + 4.5 + 4.1 + 4.9) / 6 = 4.950
Ratio of the gross readings taken = 8.317 / 4.9 = 1.680

The difference between the ratio of the group readings taken and the divine ratio
is 1.680 – 1.618 = 0.062 which is negligible. Therefore, the ratio of the gross
readings taken is nearing the divine ratio. (Golden ratio)

WHAT IS GOLDEN RATIO ?

The golden ratio is a special irrational number that is approximately
equal to 1.618. It appears many times in geometry, art, architecture and other
fields. The Golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts
so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length
divided by the longer part. In an equation form, it looks like this :
a/b = (a+a)/b = 1.6180339887498948420…

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 Historically, the number can be seen in the architecture of many ancient
creations, like the Great Pyramids and the Parthenon. In the Great Pyramid of Giza,
the length of each side of the base is 756 feet with a height of 481 feet. The ratio
of the base to the height is roughly 1.5717, which is close to the Golden ratio.
Around 1200, the mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci discovered the distinctive
properties of the Fibonacci sequence. This sequence links directly into the Golden
ratio because any ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers is very close to the
Golden ratio. As the numbers increase, the ratio becomes even closer to 1.618. For
instance, the ratio of 3 to 5 is 1.666; the ratio of 13 to 21 is 1.625; the ratio of 144
to 233 is 1.618, which eventually converges to 1.618.
The Golden Rectangle is also closely related to the Golden ratio as its
proportion of its dimension is approximately to the value 1.618. This is known as
one of the most visually satisfying of all geometric forms – hence, the appearance
of the Golden ratio in art. The Golden rectangle is also related to the Golden spiral,
which is created by making adjacent squares of Fibonacci dimensions. In the
beauty industry, studies have shown that when test subjects view random faces,
the ones they deem most attractive are those with solid parallels to the Golden
ratio. Faces judged as the most attractive depict Golden ratio proportions between
the width of the face and the width of the eyes, nose, and eyebrows. In toto, the
Golden ratio is more than an obscure term found in Mathematics and Physics. It
also revolves around us in our daily lives.

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REFLECTION
While I was conducting this project, I have learnt how to appreciate and
enjoy the beauty of Mathematics. I have learnt how to apply my Index Number
skills, calculating compound interest skills, identifying progression skills and
tabulating data skills more efficaciously.
I also learnt that the skills mentioned are very crucial in our life; it can help
us solve our daily-life problems that relate to finance. The moral values that I have
put into practice is compassion and dedication in conducting this project.
I have poured my heart, mind and soul into finishing this project with the
best result. I also put in a lot of hard work and commitment in order to complete
this project. I also did not give up in doing my project; I have completed it to the
end.
In the making of this project, I have spent countless nights researching and
completing this project. I realise this subject is compulsory for me. Without it, I
could not fulfill my abjured hopes and dreams. These are the benefits of the proje

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