ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

CRISTHIAN CAMILO HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE

TECNOLOGO EN GESTION LOGISTICA
BOGOTÁ D.C.
2019
Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación, requiere no solo
de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también comprender
y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes
exportación e importación en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha
lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1
Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or structure, will determine
how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other important considerations. Each form
of business organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to
select the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an
appropriate business organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and should
be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole proprietorships,

partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No separate legal entity exists.
There is one principal in the business who has total control over all export-import operations and
who can make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an exportimport business as sole
proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the state
level, registration of the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors need
to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when
filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate
on a calendar year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The owner makes all
operational and management decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money or
other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.
3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus other business
concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower than the corporate
income tax rate. Losses from the export import business can be applied by the owner to offset
taxable income from other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)

The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole proprietorship is the risk of
unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse
is the personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital
is limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner may lack certain skills.
The business may also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import business? If not, how
many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the business concern and
individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject to a low degree of
government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and objectives of the export-
import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba su

respectivo significado en inglés.

Vocabulario
Advantages: Circumstance or situation that
gives superiority in something.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of being worse or
being in a worse situation one thing with
respect to others of the same nature with
which it is compared. Less favorable situation in
which a person or thing is with respect to
others with which it is compared
Significado
Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que da
superioridad en alguna cosa.
Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser peor o estar
en peor situación una cosa respecto a otras de
la misma naturaleza con la que se compara.
Situación menos favorable en que se halla una
persona o cosa respecto a otras con las que se
compara.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to advise
and defend the rights and interests of another
person in legal matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of something material
or immaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights In the right, the
domain or property, is the direct and
immediate power over an object or good, by
which is attributed to its owner the ability to
dispose of it, without further limitations than
those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a process that
is based on a right of possession of a certain
person with respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific objective.
Applied: That puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the accomplishment of a work
or in the development of an activity, especially
in the study.
Loans: A loan is an operation by which a
financial institution puts at our disposal a
certain amount of money through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude, talent,
skill or ability that a person holds to carry out
and of course with success, certain activity,
work
Losses: Small amount of blood or discharge
from the womb that is abnormally expelled
outside of the menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin origin that enters
the formation of names with the meaning of
'above', 'besides'.
Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by virtue
of which man can distinguish good from evil
and true from false.
Income: Amount of money earned or collected
Little: That has a smaller size than normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several things of which
or of whose species there are no others
Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada para
asesorar y defender los derechos e intereses de
otra persona en materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Without: Indica falta o carencia de alguna cosa
material o inmaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el
derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el poder
directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por
la que se atribuye a su titular la capacidad de
disponer del mismo, sin más limitaciones que
las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto de
entregar algo nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un derecho de
posesión de una determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
constancia en la realización de un trabajo o en
el desarrollo de una actividad, en especial en el
estudio
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una operación por
la cual una entidad financiera pone a nuestra
disposición una cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato
Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud innata,
talento, destreza o capacidad que ostenta una
persona para llevar a cabo y por supuesto con
éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de sangre o flujo
procedente de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de origen latino que
entra en la formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima de’, ‘además de’.
Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede distinguir el bien del
mal y lo verdadero de lo falso.
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero ganada o
recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño menor de lo
normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas de las
cuales o de cuya especie no hay otras.
 3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al interior de cada
párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el material complementario
“Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede encontrar la idea principal en un
párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

• How to carry out a business

• There are different forms of commercial organizations

• The director controls all export and import operations

• The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

• The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

• The individual companies are governamental

• The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas principales de
cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción literal de los párrafos. A
continuación, transforme la oración a presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business
There's are different forms of commercial
organizations
The director controls all export and import
operations
The sole proprietors are simple and lows in
costs
The owners are in charges of make all the
decisions
The individual companies are governamental
The individual owners have a lower rate than
the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their business
How to carriesing out a business
There's are differenting forms of commercial
organizations
The director controlling all export and import
operations
The sole proprietors are simple and low in
costsing
The owners are in charge of making all the
decisions
The individual companying are governamental
The individual owners having a lower rate than
the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten coherentemente, en 15

líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial organizations
since the director controls all export and import operations, where the sole proprietors are simple
and low in cost and make all the decisions in front of the business. Individual companies are
governmental and have a lower rate than the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the
business.
Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply different
processes why you should know what you should apply to have greater knowledge and not have
legal consequences in the environment even with a single administrator or boss immediately co-
author all the legal health and tax aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the
company with better quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach
large countries for its advertising and industry growth.