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Inorganic Compounds: Group I-A: Alkali Metals
Inorganic Compounds: Group I-A: Alkali Metals
Zinc (Zn) metal present in Insulin Mercury (Hg) aka “ “Messenger of Gods”,
Quicksilver”, “Liquid Silver” by Theophrastus
as container for batteries & dry cells
can be removed by Sulfur when it falls into Crack &
protective coating of galvanized iron
difficult to clean places
forms a White ppt w/ Sulfur-containing reagent
Pharmacologic Actions:
essential component of Carbonic Anhydrase & many
Diuretic
other enzymes
Antiseptic
w/ Dithizone Test: Red Color Extractable
Cathartic
Pharmacologic Actions:
Treatment of Syphilis
Astringent
Parasiticidal/ Fungicidal
Antiseptic
Industrial Uses:
Antiperspirant
~Manufacture of Thermometers
Protectant
Defficiency: Parakeratosis (have space
containing
Antidote for Zinc Poisoning: NaHCO3 (Baking Soda)
Nitrogen)
Important Compounds of Zinc:
~Formation of Amalgams (dental cement)
1. Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) Toxicity:”Minimata Disease”
aka “Burnette’s Disinfectant Fluid” Antidote:
Antiseptic/ Disinfectant (found in mouthwashes), *EDTA
Topical Protectant, Dentin Desesitizer, Corrosive *Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate NF
2. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) (best Antidote –particulary the
aka “Zinc White”, “Lassar’s Paste”, “Chinese White” bichloride)
Mild Antiseptic, Astringent, Topical Protectant *Egg Albumin (used in mergency)
Ladd’s paste comprises Zinc Oxide, Liquid Petrolatum, -1 egg white for each 250
& Aluminum Powder 1/3 by weight Mercuric Chloride, to induce
3. Zinc Peroxide (ZnO2) Antiseptic emesis,
4. Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO47H2O) aka “White Vitriol” Important Compounds of Mercury:
Emetic, Astringent, 1. Mercurous Chloride (Hg2Cl2) aka “Calomel”
Ingredient of White Lotion, USP Cathartic, Local Antiseptic
w/ Sulfurated potash
2. Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) aka “Corrosive Sublimate”
5. Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) aka “White Lotion”, “White Sulfide”
also as Mercury Bichloride
active component of White Lotion
Disinfectant
Parasiticide, Topical Protectant,
3. Mercurous Iodide (HgI) Anti-syphilis
Antiseptic
4. Mercury (II) Iodide (HgI2) stimulant of Indolent Ulcers
6. Hydrated Zinc Silicate
aka “Natural Calamine” 5. Potassium Mercuric Iodide (K2HgI4) Antiseptic
Topical Protectant, Anti-itch component of Mayer’s
makes Calamine pink Reagent
7. Zinc-eugenol Cement Dental protective, Dentrifices 6. Ammoniated Mercury (HgNH2Cl) aka “White Precipitate”
Topical Antiseptic/
Cadmium (Cd) Pharmacologic Actions/ Uses: Anti-infective
Astringent 7. Mercuric Oxide (HgO) aka “Yellow Precipitate”
Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis Ophthalmic Antiseptic/ Anti-infective
Other Use: Manufacture of Stink Bomb 8. Red Mercuric Iodide w/ Potassium Iodide produces a
Toxicity: “Itai-itai Disease” solution known as Valser’s Reagent
Antidote: BAL 9. Water-soluble Mercury solid preparation containing
Important Compounds of Cadmium: Mercury (10-20%), Cetyl Alcohol
(70%), Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Dioctyl
1. Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) Emetic,
Sodium Sulfosccunate, Glycerin &
Treatment of Tinea Infection
Water.
2. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) aka “Yellow Sulfide”
Anti-Seborrheic Dermatitis/ 2+ 2+
Anti-dandruff Differentiation of Hg2 from Hg
2+ 2+
3. Cadmium Sulfate (CdSO4) Ophthalmic Antiseptic Reagent Hg2 Hg
NaOH Hg2O (Black ppt) HgO (Yellow ppt)
KI Hg2I2 (Green ppt) HgI2 (Scarlet ppt)
Excess KI Hg (Black ppt) + K2HgI4 K2HgI4 (Dissolution)
NH3 Hg(NH2)Cl + Hg (Black ppt) Hg(NH2)Cl (White ppt)
HCl HgCl2 (White ppt) HgCl2 (Clear Solution)
GROUP III-A (13): BORON GROUP
+3 oxidation state 7. Aluminum Magnesium Silicate (Hydrated Al Mg Si )
*Hydroxides of this group of elements – tend to show aka “Fuller’s Earth”, “Floretin”, “Floridin”
amphoteric properties except those at the top & bottom is a low of plasticity, clay-like material, which, when,
elements of this group heated, exhibits an increase in its adsorptive
Alum = double salts properties.
Members: Boron (B) 8. Aluminum Magnesium Hydroxide Sulfate aka “Magaldrate”
Aluminum (Al) 9. Aluminum Acetate (AlCH3COO)
Gallium (Ga) 10. Aluminon Reagent tri-ammonium aurine-tricarboxylate
Indium (In) 11. Aluminum Silicate
Thallium (Tl) (a) Kaolin aka “China Clay”,
“Native Hydrated Aluminum Silicate”
Boron (B) bridge element, resemble silicon “White Bole”
Used in Vulcanizing Rubber Intestinal adsorbent in diarrhea, Demulcent,
Important Compounds of Boron: Clarifying agent, Excipient for inorganic salts,
1. Boric Acid (H3BO4) aka “Sal Sativum”, “Sal Sedativum” Dusting Powder
burns with a Green bordered Flame (b) Bentonite aka “Soap Clay”, “Mineral Soap”,
when mixed with methanol & the mass “Swelling Clay”
ignited “Native Colloidal Hydrated Silicate”
Buffer component “Wilhinite”
Eyewash (2% Boric Acid) Suspending agent
Antiseptic Bentonite Magma (5% Bentonite)
Toxicity: “Lobster Appearance” same w/ (c) Pumice porous rock of volcanic origin
Sodium Borate complex of Al, Na, K
2. Boron Trioxide produces by heating Boric Acid to dental abrasive
temperature over 160C Fine Pumice powder form of pumice
3. Sodium Tetraborate (Na2B4O710H2O) (d) Clay contain impurities of calcium, magnesium, iron
aka “Borax”, “Dobell’s Solution” oxides, fragment of quartz etc.
Antiseptic, Eyewash, Wet Dressing for wounds
Gallium (Ga)aka “eka-aluminum”
Aluminum (Al) most abundant metal substitute for mercury in the manufacture Arc Lamps
3rd most abundant element except for Mercury, has the lowest melting point of
is a base-insoluble sulfide the metals (29.75C)
Pharmacologic Actions: appears in transferring, an iron transport CHON, &
Constipation appears to be useful in treating cancer related
Astringent hypercalcemia
67
Antiperspirant as Diagnostic Aid ( GA)
Deodorant Important Compound of Gallium:
Thin Foil is used to treat burns 1. Gallium Nitrate for the treatment of cancer-related
Toxicity: Shaver’s Disease hypercalcemia
Important Compounds of Aluminum:
111 113
1. Aluminum Chloride (AlCl36H2O) Astringent, Antiseptic, Indium (In) as Diagnostic Aid ( In, In)
Antiperspirant,
Deodorant Thallium(Tl) aka “Green Twig”
2. Aluminum Hydroxide [Al(OH)3] Defacqz Reaction (test)
aka Amphogel®, Cremalin Gel® most toxic, similar to Arsenic (Toxic Effects)
Antacid, Protectant rodenticides
can interfere w/ phosphate absorption Poisoning causes Green Tongue & Alopecia
DIsadvatage: Constipation 201
as Diagnostic Aid ( Tl)
Phosphate Deficiency Treatment of Poisoning w/ Thallium:
3. Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO4) -Trihexyphenidyl
aka Phosphagel® -Dimercaprol
Antacid, Astringent, Demulcent
Advantage: Do not interfere w/ PO4 absorption GROUP III-B (3)
4. Aluminum Carbonate [Al2(CO3)3] “Rare Earth Elements”
causes constipation are the first elements that are large enough to permit the
treatment of Phosphatic Calculi addition of electrons to the d orbitals, beginning w/ the third
Phosphate Fecal Route principal quantum number
5. Alum [AlNH4(SO4)212H2O] – NH4 salt Members: Scandium (Sc) “eka-boron”
[AlK(SO4)212H2O] – K salt Yttrium (Y)
aka “Tawas”
Astringent, Antiperspirant, Deodorant
6. Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) aka “Alumina”, “Bauxite”
Treatment of Silicosis
GEW: MW/6