General Design 59 PROCEDURE 2-10 BOLT TORQUE REQUIRED FOR SEAL! FLANGES [10-13] Py =test pressure, psi Notation Frestorng force of gasket (decreasing compression ; : foro? fron inital bolting strain, tb Ay Seross-sectional ure of bolts, in Final tuhtening fre I Az Sct oi 1h = effetve length of holt, vid na to id atin fective g W total eightening force, Ih Wor = 1+ Hy = requited bolt load. operating, Th pitch diameter of thre i 2 require! ot load, gasket seating, Dy diameter at location of gasket load reaction, in et unit seating loa, psi sternal bending snoment,in-lby al ydnostatic end force, Lh ct actor face compression: load, Th joe rece, fh thickness of gasket, in et width, in aber of bolls 1) = modulus of clstiity of bolting material at tempera US thickness of putin ture, pst K = total friction factor between hol¥/nut and nut! Mange E., =modilis of elastilly of gasket material at face ture, ps sw width of rng joint gasket, in P= internal pressure P, sexuivalent pressure incloding external loads, ps Note: See Procedure 2-7 for salues of €, Noa, be and y P,=adial load, Th Figure 229. Flange and jot act's Table 2-6 Beting Oimensiar! Baka ‘in a vee) ages bos | aa60 Pressure Vessel Design Manual Table 27 Modulus of Eistiny, Fa, 10's) Temperature, 7 mo~*C«SStSSSSCSSCTSCSCSCC RSF we 277 aS was Low alloy A-199-87, 616, B7M 299) 205 250 286 28.0 a4 286 287 248 Sualgh come AW8S-BE BEX 20228 a7 a0 260 a8 2a at Starese AN0G.0 saves a e?rs~SCiSS*«aSC*“‘ CCC ‘Note Vales pe" ASE Gove, Sesion _ - - ‘sue 19 m8 gasket reaxing i a Senresson Figure 224, Typical agram —besn oar gxsner oata ‘BOLTING DATA Tess, Pr oo. a tC [Moreen ¥ ~ Te ~ Radel i ~ ~ To + + ———|..-sf0 | |Modulus of Elasticity of Gasket Material, E, f© Ring joint and lat metal: Select sales hom ASME, Seation Hor Appendls K-of this book: © Comp ash = 70 bs @ Robber = 10 bs © Gratis! 35 ksi © Teflon 2 ks Spiral wontnd = 560 bs Friction Factor, K oor on 615, p25) # Lubricued © Nowlsbricated Calculations Fovalbor prose Pop — 1M Rey r@ ac © Hydeostatee end force, HLM # ital joint contacts rompression Hy = 2haGm, © Minti cequived bull load for gasket wating, Waa, 0 Wyo = abGs © Actual joint area cout Aen Ay = 2ahG © evnoastg eompesston force in grsket, AB, My ar = Pa Initial required tightening farew (tension, Fh th +P 8 Vota tightening force regard bo seal jomt, WM W = greater of Py oF General Design 61 © Required torque, Tf Kwa, Notes, 1. Bolted joints im high-pressure systems repre at initial preload! to prevent the joint fiom leaking, The loads swlnich toad to open the int ate 1. Internal presse 1 Thermal bending moment 6. Dead load bonding moment 2. Bither stud tensionets oF torque wrenches ate used for pprestressing bolts tothe resquiedt stress far gasket seat= ing. Shid tensioners are by far the most acenrate, Stud tension achieved by torquing the wot is aflected! by A% ate the major variables many variables and may vary drome 10% to cealeuated values, The following affecting, tension achieved by torging 1. Chass of ft of stand sb Burrs ©. Lubrication 4. Grit, chips, ane dit in treads of bolts or nats © Nicks [Th flange against which the mt is rotates Adequate lubrication shold be used, Nonlubieatedd bolting has am elfciency of about 304 af a well-lubr: teated bolt, For standard applications, « heavy graphite axl oil anistane works well, Bor high temperature ser= relative condition of the seating surface on the view (300°F to HARP), a high temperature thread comporni may be used Table 2-0 Bal Toraes “ormus Required in oo Produce te Folowing Ball Sirs Bot Sze 1Sksi_——_SOk aks! 60Ksi = 35 0 20 120 80 200 & B20 1 390 185 710 a 1000 1960 1000 000 000 400, “ e260 - ‘600 - rae = 580