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220KV - Summer Training
220KV - Summer Training
220KV - Summer Training
Seminar Report
On
“Practical Training”
Taken at
220 kV G.S.S. MANSAROVAR, JAIPUR (RRVPNL)
And
Submitted in the partial fulfillment for award the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
From
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
Session 2014-2015
Submitted To Submitted by
Mr. D.R. Chitara Ravindra Kumar Goma
Submitted to
Department of Electrical Engineering
KAUTILYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING,
JAIPUR
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Engineers and other technical and non technical staff, for helping in understanding
the various aspects and constructional detail of work and site in 220kV Grid-Sub
Station, Hanumangarh.
It may not be possible for me to acknowledge the support of all my friends, but I
am thankful to all my colleagues and other trainees for their valuable ideas and
support during training period.
2
PREFACE
3
CONTENTS
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………..06-08
220kV G.S.S. Mansarovar, Jaipur……………………………….….06
Incoming feeders…………………………………………………….07
Outgoing feeders…………………………………………………….08
Radial feeders………………………………………………………..08
2. Bus bars…………………………………………………………………09-10
Bus bar arrangement………………………………………………...09
3. Isolators………………………………………………………...……….….11
4. Insulators………………………………………………………………..12-14
Type of insulators……………………………………………………12
o Pin type……………………………………………………….13
o Suspension type………………………………………………13
o Strain type…………………………………………………….14
5. Protective relays………………………………………………………...15-17
Distance relays……………………………………………………...16
Buchholz relay………………………………………………………17
6. Circuit Breakers…………………………………………………….......18-25
Operating principle………………………………………………….18
Classification of circuit breakers…………………………………….18
SF6 Circuit Breaker ………………………………………………..19
Air Blast Circuit Breaker…………………………………….……..21
Oil Circuit Breaker…………………………………………………23
Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker……………………………………………24
Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker………………………………………25
7. Power Transformers…………………………………………………….26-29
Basic parts of transformer…………………………………………...26
8. Current transformer………………………………………………………...30
9. Potential transformer……………………………………………………….31
10.Capacitive voltage transformer (CVT)…………………………………31-34
Description…………………………………………………………..31
11.Transformer oil & its testing……………………………………………34-35
Transformer Oil Testing Procedure………………………………..34
12.Lightening Arrestor…………………………………………………...36-38
220 kV lightening Arrestor Rating……………….………………..38
4
13. Control Panel…………………………………………..…………………39
14. Measuring Instruments………………………….………………………..40
15. Capacitor Bank………………………………………………………….. 41
16. Earthing of the system………………………………………………….42-43
Procedure of Earthing…………………………………………..…..42
Neutral Earthing………………………………………………..…...42
17. Ratings…………………………..……………………………………...43-45
Transformers…………..………………………………………..…..43
Circuit Breaker………………………………………………..…….44
Battery Charger…………………………………………...…………44
Current Transformer……………………………………………..…45
Capacitive Voltage Transformer…………………………………...45
18. Power Line Carrier Communication .......................................................46-47
19. Conclusion………………………………………………………………….48
5
INTRODUCTION
6
Incoming feeders
220 kV G.S.S.
Mansarovar,
Jaipur
Outgoing feeders
Incoming feeders:
The power mainly comes from:
220 KV:-
1. HEERAPURA
2. SANGANER
3. DURGAPURA(FUTURE).
7
Outgoing feeders:
132 KV 33 KV
1) Chambal 1) Nirman Nagar I & II
5) Adinath
6) Kiran Path
1. Radial Feeders.
2. Tie Feeders
8
BUS BARS
Bus Bars are the common electrical component through which a large no of feeders
operating at same voltage have to be connected.
If the bus bars are of rigid type (Aluminum types) the structure height are low
and minimum clearance is required. While in case of strain type of bus bars
suitable ACSR conductor are strung/tensioned by tension insulators discs
according to system voltages. In the widely used strain type bus bars stringing
tension is about 500-900 Kg depending upon the size of conductor used.
Here proper clearance would be achieved only if require tension is achieved. Loose
bus bars would effect the clearances when it swings while over tensioning may
damage insulators. Clamps or even affect the supporting structures in low
temperature conditions.
The clamping should be proper, as loose clamp would spark under in full load
condition damaging the bus bars itself.
3.1) BUS BAR ARRENGEMENT MAY BE OF FOLLOWING TYPE
WHICH IS BEING ADOPTED BY R.R.V.P.N.L.:-
3.1.1) Single bus bar arrangement
3.1.2) Double bus bar arrangement
a) Main bus with transformer bus
b) Main bus-I with main bus-II
3.1.3) Double bus bar arrangement with auxiliary bus.
9
3.1.1) DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT :
1. Each load may be fed from either bus.
2. The load circuit may be divided in to two separate groups if needed
from operational consideration. Two supplies from different
sources can be put on each bus separately.
3. Either bus bar may be taken out from maintenance of insulators.
The normal bus selection insulators can not be used for breaking load
currents. The arrangement does not permit breaker maintenance without
causing stoppage of supply.
3.1.2) DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENTS CONTAINS MAIN BUS
WITH AUXILARY BUS :
The double bus bar arrangement provides facility to change over to either bus
to carry out maintenance on the other but provide no facility to carry over
breaker maintenance. The main and transfer bus works the other way round. It
provides facility for carrying out breaker maintenance but does not permit bus
maintenance. Whenever maintenance is required on any breaker the circuit is
changed over to the transfer bus and is controlled through bus coupler
breaker.
10
ISOLATORS
“Isolator" is one, which can break and make an electric circuit in no load
condition. These are normally used in various circuits for the purposes of Isolation
of a certain portion when required for maintenance etc. Isolation of a certain
portion when required for maintenance etc. "Switching Isolators" are capable of
Interrupting transformer magnetized currents
Interrupting line charging current
Load transfer switching
Its main application is in connection with transformer feeder as this unit makes it
possible to switch out one transformer, while the other is still on load. The most
common type of isolators is the rotating centre pots type in which each phase has
three insulator post, with the outer posts carrying fixed contacts and connections
while the centre post having contact arm which is arranged to move through 90` on
its axis.
The following interlocks are provided with isolator:
a) Bus 1 and2 isolators cannot be closed simultaneously.
b) Isolator cannot operate unless the breaker is open.
c) Only one bay can be taken on bypass bus.
d) No isolator can operate when corresponding earth switch is on breaker.
11
INSULATOR
The insulator for the overhead lines provides insulation to the power conductors
from the ground so that currents from conductors do not flow to earth through
supports. The insulators are connected to the cross arm of supporting structure and
the power conductor passes through the clamp of the insulator. The insulators
provide necessary insulation between line conductors and supports and thus
prevent any leakage current from conductors to earth. In general, the insulator
should have the following desirable properties:
High mechanical strength in order to withstand conductor load, wind
load etc.
High electrical resistance of insulator material in order to avoid
leakage currents to earth.
High relative permittivity of insulator material in order that dielectric
strength is high.
High ratio of puncture strength to flash over.
These insulators are generally made of glazed porcelain or toughened glass. Poly
come type insulator [solid core] are also being supplied in place of hast insulators
if available indigenously. The design of the insulator is such that the stress due to
contraction and expansion in any part of the insulator does not lead to any defect. It
is desirable not to allow porcelain to come in direct contact with a hard metal
screw thread.
4.1) TYPE OF INSULATORS:
4.1.1: Pin type
4.1.2: Suspension type
4.1.3: Strain insulator
12
4.1.1) PIN TYPE: Pin type insulator consist of a single or multiple shells
13
4.1.3) STRAIN TYPE INSULATOR: The strain insulators are exactly
identical in shape with the suspension insulators. These strings are
placed in the horizontal plane rather than the vertical plane. These
insulators are used where line is subjected to greater tension. For low
voltage lines (< 11KV) shackle insulator are used as strain insulator.
14
PROTECTIVE RELAYS
Fig.: -Relays
15
7.1) Distance Relays:
Distance relays respond to the voltage and current, i.e., the impedance, at the
relay location. The impedance per mile is fairly constant so these relays respond to
the distance between the relay location and the fault location. As the power
systems become more complex and the fault current varies with changes in
generation and system configuration, directional over current relays become
difficult to apply and to set for all contingencies, whereas the distance relay setting
is constant for a wide variety of changes external to the protected line.
7.2) Types of Distance relay:-
7.2.1) Impedance Relay:
The impedance relay has a circular characteristic centred. It is non
directional and is used primarily as a fault detector.
7.2.2) Admittance Relay:
The admittance relay is the most commonly used distance relay. It is the
tripping relay in pilot schemes and as the backup relay in step distance
schemes. In the electromechanical design it is circular, and in the solid state
design, it can be shaped to correspond to the transmission line impedance.
7.2.3) Reactance Relay:
The reactance relay is a straight-line characteristic that responds only to
the reactance of the protected line. It is non directional and is used to
supplement the admittance relay as a tripping relay to make the overall
protection independent of resistance. It is particularly useful on short lines
where the fault arc resistance is the same order of magnitude as the line
length.
16
Buchholz Relay:
This has two Floats, one of them with surge catching baffle and gas
collecting space at top. This is mounted in the connecting pipe line between
conservator and main tank. This is the most dependable protection for a
given transformer.
Gas evolution at a slow rate that is associated with minor faults inside the
transformers gives rise to the operation or top float whose contacts are wired
for alarm. There is a glass window with marking to read the volume of gas
collected in the relay. Any major fault in transformer creates a surge and the
surge element in the relay trips the transformer. Size of the relay varies with
oil volume in the transformer and the mounting angle also is specified for
proper operation of the relay.
Fig.:-Buchholz Relay
17
CIRCUIT BREAKER
The function of relays and circuit breakers in the operation of a power system is to
prevent or limit damage during faults or overloads, and to minimize their effect on
the remainder of the system. This is accomplished by dividing the system into
protective zones separated by circuit breakers. During a fault, the zone which
includes the faulted apparatus is de-energized and disconnected from the system.
In addition to its protective function, a circuit breaker is also used for circuit
switching under normal conditions.
Each having its protective relays for determining the existence of a fault in that
zone and having circuit breakers for disconnecting that zone from the system. It is
desirable to restrict the amount of system disconnected by a given fault; as for
example to a single transformer, line section, machine, or bus section. However,
economic considerations frequently limit the number of circuit breakers to those
required for normal operation and some compromises result in the relay protection.
Some of the manufacturers are ABB, AREVA, Cutler-Hammer (Eaton), Mitsubishi
Electric, Pennsylvania Breaker, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Toshiba, Končar
HVS and others.
Circuit breaker can be classified as "live tank", where the enclosure that contains
the breaking mechanism is at line potential, or dead tank with the enclosure at
earth potential. High-voltage AC circuit breakers are routinely available with
ratings up to 765,000 volts.
18
6.1.4) Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker (MOCB)
6.1.5) Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
19
220 kV SF6 C.B. RATINGS:-
20
Rated pressure of hydraulic operating (gauge): 250-350 bars.
Rated pressure of SF6 gas at degree: 7.5 bars.
1. Due to the superior arc quenching property of SF6, such circuit breakers
have very short arching time.
2. Since the dielectric strength of SF6 gas is 2 to 3 times that of air, such
breakers can interrupt much larger currents.
3. The SF6 circuit breaker gives noiseless operation due to its closed gas
circuit and no exhaust to the atmosphere unlike the air blast circuit
breaker.
Switching: 1050 kV
21
air blast will replace the ionized hot gases within the arc zone and the arc
length is considerably increased. Consequently the arc may be interrupted at
the first natural current zero. In this type of breaker, the contacts are
surrounded by compressed air. When the contacts are opened the
compressed air is released in forced blast through the arc to the atmosphere
extinguishing the arc in the process.
Advantages:
An air blast circuit breaker has the following advantages over an oil circuit
breaker:
The risk of fire is eliminated
22
The arcing products are completely removed by the blast whereas the oil
deteriorates with successive operations; the expense of regular oil is
replacement is avoided
The growth of dielectric strength is so rapid that final contact gap needed for
arc extinction is very small. this reduces the size of device
The arcing time is very small due to the rapid build up of dielectric strength
between contacts. Therefore, the arc energy is only a fraction that in oil
circuit breakers, thus resulting in less burning of contacts
Due to lesser arc energy, air blast circuit breakers are very suitable for
conditions where frequent operation is required
The energy supplied for arc extinction is obtained from high pressure air and
is independent of the current to be interrupted.
Disadvantages:
Air has relatively inferior arc extinguishing properties.
Air blast circuit breakers are very sensitive to the variations in the rate of
restricting voltage.
Considerable maintenance is required for the compressor plant which
supplies the air blast
Air blast circuit breakers are finding wide applications in high voltage
installations. Majority of circuit breakers for voltages beyond 110 kV are of
this type.
23
for arc interruption. Oil circuit breakers of the various types are used in almost all
voltage ranges and ratings. However, they are commonly used at voltages below
115KV leaving the higher voltages for air blast and SF6 breakers. The contacts of
an oil breaker are submerged in insulating oil, which helps to cool and extinguish
the arc that forms when the contacts are opened. Oil circuit breakers are classified
into two main types namely: bulk oil circuit breakers and minimum oil circuit
breakers.
The advantages of using oil as an arc quenching medium are:
1. It absorbs the arc energy to decompose the oil into gases, which have
excellent cooling properties.
2. It acts as an insulator and permits smaller clearance between live
conductors and earthed components.
The disadvantages of oil as an arc quenching medium are:
1. Its inflammable and there is risk of fire
2. It may form an explosive mixture with air.
3. The arcing products remain in the oil and it reduces the quality of oil after
several operations.
4. This necessitates periodic checking and replacement of oil.
24
to cool the gases, mainly hydrogen, produced by oil decomposition. A small
air cushion at the top of the oil together with the produced gases will increase
the pressure with a subsequent decrease of the arcing time.
6.1.5) MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER:
Bulk oil circuit breakers have the disadvantage of using large quantity of oil. With
frequent breaking and making heavy currents the oil will deteriorate and may lead
to circuit breaker failure. This has led to the design of minimum oil circuit breakers
working on the same principles of arc control as those used in bulk oil breakers. In
this type of breakers the interrupter chamber is separated from the other parts and
arcing is confined to a small volume of oil. The lower chamber contains the
operating mechanism and the upper one contains the moving and fixed contacts
together with the control device. Both chambers are made of an insulating material
such as porcelain. The oil in both chambers is completely separated from each
other. By this arrangement the amount of oil needed for arc interruption and the
clearances to earth are roused. However, conditioning or changing the oil in the
interrupter chamber is more frequent than in the bulk oil breakers. This is due to
carbonization and slugging from arcs interrupted chamber is equipped with a
discharge vent and silica gel breather to permit a small gas cushion on top of the
oil. Single break minimum oil breakers are available in the voltage range 13.8 to
34.5 KV.
25
POWER TRANSFORMER
Distribution transformers reduce the voltage of the primary circuit to the voltage
required by customers. This voltage varies and is usually:
120/240 volts single phase for residential customers,
480Y/277 or 208Y/120 for commercial or light industry customers.
Network service can be provided for areas with large concentrations of businesses.
These are usually transformers installed in an underground vault. Power is then
sent via underground cables to the separate customers.
Parts of Transformer:-
8.1) Windings:
Winding shall be of electrolytic grade copper free from scales & burrs. Windings
shall be made in dust proof and conditioned atmosphere. Coils shall be insulated
that impulse and power frequency voltage stresses are minimum. Coils assembly
shall be suitably supported between adjacent sections by insulating spacers and
barriers. Bracing and other insulation used in assembly of the winding shall be
arranged to ensure a free circulation of the oil and to reduce the hot spot of the
winding. All windings of the transformers having voltage less than 66 kV shall be
fully insulated. Tapping shall be so arranged as to preserve the magnetic balance of
the transformer at all voltage ratio. All leads from the windings to the terminal
26
board and bushing shall be rigidly supported to prevent injury from vibration short
circuit stresses.
27
plug at the top, a drain and sampling valve and thermometer pocket fitted with
captive screw cap on the inlet and outlet.
(b.) Cooling fans shall not be directly mounted on radiator bank which may cause
undue vibration. These shall be located so as to prevent ingress of rain water. Each
fan shall be suitably protected by galvanized wire guard.
28
8.4.3) Silica Gel Breather:
Both transformer oil and cellulosic paper are highly hygroscopic. Paper
being more hygroscopic than the mineral oil The moisture, if not excluded
from the oil surface in conservator, thus will find its way finally into the
paper insulation and causes reduction insulation strength of transformer. To
minimize this conservator is allowed to breathe only through the silica gel
column, which absorbs the moisture in air before it enters the conservator air
surface.
29
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
As you all know this is the device which provides the pre-decoded fraction of the
primary current passing through the line/bus main circuit. Such as primary current
60A, 75A, 150A, 240A, 300A, 400A, to the secondary output of 1A to 5A.
When connecting the jumpers, mostly secondary connections is taken to three
unction boxes where star delta formation is connected for three phase and final
leads taken to protection /metering scheme.
Fig.:-Current Transformers
It can be used to supply information for measuring power flows and the electrical
inputs for the operation of protective relays associated with the transmission and
distribution circuit or for power transformer. These current transformers have the
primary winding connected in series with the conductor carrying the current to be
measured or controlled. The secondary winding is thus insulated from the high
voltage and can then be connected to low voltage metering circuits.
30
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
A potential transformer (PT) is used to transform the high voltage of a power line
to a lower value, which is in the range of an ac voltmeter or the potential coil of an
ac voltmeter.
The voltage transformers are classified as under:
Capacitive voltage transformer or capacitive type
Electromagnetic type.
Capacitive voltage transformer is being used more and more for voltage
measurement in high
voltage transmission network, particularly for systems voltage of 132KV and
above where it becomes increasingly more economical. It enables measurement of
the line to earth voltage to be made with simultaneous provision for carrier
frequency coupling, which has reached wide application in modern high voltage
network for tele-metering remote control and telephone communication purpose.
31
voltage terminal for connection to the high voltage signal, a ground terminal and at
least one set of secondary terminals for connection to the instrumentation or
protective relay. CVTs are typically single-phase devices used for measuring
voltages in excess of one hundred kilovolts where the use of voltage transformers
would be uneconomical. In practice the first capacitor, C 1, is often replaced by a
stack of capacitors connected in series. This results in a large voltage drop across
the stack of capacitors that replaced the first capacitor and a comparatively small
voltage drop across the second capacitor, C2, and hence the secondary terminals.
32
Capacitive voltage transformer is being used more and more for voltage
measurement in high voltage transmission network, particularly for systems
voltage of 132KV and above where it becomes increasingly more economical. It
enables measurement of the line to earth voltage to be made with simultaneous
provision for carrier frequency coupling, which has reached wide application in
modern high voltage network for tele-metering remote control and telephone
communication purpose.
The capacitance type voltage transformers are of two type:
Coupling Capacitor type
Pushing Type
33
TRANSFORMER OIL & ITS TESTING
Since transformer oil deteriorates in its isolation and cooling behavior due to
ageing and pollution by dust particles or humidity, and due to its vital role,
transformer oil must be subject to oil tests on a regular basis.
In most countries such tests are even mandatory. Transformer oil testing sequences
and procedures are defined by various international standards.
The transformer oil is filled in the vessel of the testing device. Two standard-
compliant test electrodes with a typical clearance of 2.5 mm are surrounded by
the dielectric oil.
34
A test voltage is applied to the electrodes and is continuously increased up to
the breakdown voltage with a constant, standard-compliant slew rate of e.g. 2
kV/s.
At a certain voltage level breakdown occurs in an electric arc, leading to a
collapse of the test voltage.
An instant after ignition of the arc, the test voltage is switched off automatically
by the testing device. Ultra fast switch off is highly desirable, as the
carbonization due to the electric arc must be limited to keep the additional
pollution as low as possible.
The transformer oil testing device measures and reports the root mean square
value of the breakdown voltage.
After the transformer oil test is completed, the insultaion oil is stirred
automatically and the test sequence is performed repeatedly. (Typically 5
Repetitions, depending on the standard)
As a result the breakdown voltage is calculated as mean value of the individual
measurements.
35
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
If protection fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical system introduces
thousands of kilovolts that may damage the transmission lines, and can also cause
severe damage to transformers and other electrical or electronic devices.
Lightning-produced extreme voltage spikes in incoming power lines can damage
electrical home appliances.
36
ground because there is extremely high resistance between B and C, and also
between C and D. The voltage of a lightning strike, however, is many times higher
than that needed to move electrons through the two air gaps. The result is that
electrons go through the lightning arrester rather than traveling on to the television
set and destroying it.
A lightning arrester may be a spark gap or may have a block of a semi conducting
material such as silicon carbide or zinc oxide. Some spark gaps are open to the air,
but most modern varieties are filled with a precision gas mixture, and have a small
amount of radioactive material to encourage the gas to ionize when the voltage
across the gap reaches a specified level. Other designs of lightning arresters use a
glow-discharge tube (essentially like a neon glow lamp) connected between the
protected conductor and ground, or voltage-activated solid-state switches called
varistors or MOVs.
Lightning arresters built for power substation use are impressive devices,
consisting of a porcelain tube several feet long and several inches in diameter,
typically filled with disks of zinc oxide. A safety port on the side of the device
vents the occasional internal explosion without shattering the porcelain cylinder.
Lightning arresters are rated by the peak current they can withstand, the amount of
energy they can absorb, and the break over voltage that they require to begin
conduction. They are applied as part of a lightning protection system, in
combination with air terminals and bonding.
37
220 kV LIGHTNENING ARRESTOR:
38
CONTROL PANEL
Control panel contain meters, control switches and recorders located in the control
building, also called the dog house. These are used to control the substation
equipment to send power from one circuit to another or to open or to shut down
circuits when needed.
39
12.1) MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED:
12.1.1) ENERGY METER: To measure the energy transmitted energy meters
are fitted to the panel to different feeders the energy transmitted is
recorded after one hour regularly for it MWHr, meter is provided.
40
CAPACITOR BANK
The capacitor bank provides reactive power at grid substation. The voltage
regulation problem frequently reduces so of circulation of reactive power.
Unlike the active power, reactive power can be produced, transmitted and absorbed
of course with in the certain limit, which have always to be workout. At any point
in the system shunt capacitor are commonly used in all voltage and in all size.
Benefits of using the capacitor bank are many and the reason is that capacitor
reduces the reactive current flowing in the whole system from generator to the
point of installation.
1 .Increased voltage level at the load
2. Reduced system losses
3. Increase power factor of loading current
41
EARTHING OF THE SYSTEM
42
generator transformer is connected to earth directly or through a reactance in some
cases the neutral point is earthed through an adjustable reactor of reactance
matched with the line.
The earth fault protection is based on the method of neutral
earthing.
RATINGS
17.1) TRANSFORMER:
Total No. of transformers = 6 No. of transformers
220/132 KV------------------------------------ 100MVA 2
132/33 KV--------------------------------------20/25MVA 2
132/33KV---------------------------------------40/50MVA 1
132/11 KV---------------------------------------10/12.5 MVA 1
MAKE Company
220/133 KV, 100MVA X-Mer 1----------------------------------- TELK
220/133KV, 100 MVA X-Mer 2---------------------------------- ALSTOM
132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------- TELK
132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 2-----------------------------------BBL
132/33 KV, 40/50 MVA X-Mer 3-----------------------------------T&R
132/33 KV, 10/12.5 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------EMCO
43
17.2) CIRCUIT BREAKER:
No. of 220KV breaker - 6
No. of 132KV breaker - 13
No. of 33KV breaker - 12
No. of Capacitor Bank (33kv) - 4
No. of 11KV breaker - 7
SF6 CB
BREAKER SERIAL NO. 030228
RATED VOLTAGE 145KV
NORMAL CURRENT 1250A
FREQUENCY 5OHz
LIGHTNING IMPULSE WITHSTAND 650KV (Peak)
FIRST POLE TO CLEAR TO CLEAR FACTOR 1-2
SHORT TIME WITHSTAND CURRENT 31.5KA
DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT 3 Sec.
(SHORT CIRCUIT SYM. 31.5KA
BREAKING CURRENT) ASYM. 37.5KA
SHORT TIME MAKING CURRENT 8.0KA
OUT OF PHASE BREAKING CURRENT 7.9KA
OPERATING SEQUENCE 0-0.3-CO-3min-CO
SF6 GAS PRESSURE AT 20C 6.3 Bar
TOTAL MASS OF CB 1300Kg
MASS OF SF6 GAS 8.7Kg
44
440AH VDC HBL NIFE LTD.
Capacitor BankNo.-1 BHEL 38KV 6.6MVAR
Capacitor BankNo.-2 BHEL 38KV 7.2MVAR
Capacitor BankNo.-1 ABB 38KV 7.2MVAR
Capacitor BankNo.-1 WS 38KV 7.2MVAR
17.4) CURRENT TRANSFORMER:
FREQUENCY 50Hz
HIGHEST SYSTEM VOLTAGE 245KV
SHORT TIME CURRENT 40KA/15
RATED CURRENT 600A
CURRENT RATIO 600-300-150/1
MIN. KNEE POTENTIAL VOLTAGE 850V at 150/1
MAX. EXCITING CURRENT 100MA at 150/1
MAX. SEC. WINDING RESISTANCE 2.5OHM at 150/1
17.5) CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER:
SERIAL NO. 0173537
INSULATION LEVEL 460KV
RATED VOLTAGE FACTOR 1.2/cont
TIME 1.5/30sec.
HIGHEST SYSTEM VOLTAGE 245KV
PRIMARY VOLTAGE 22OKV/1.732
TYPE OUTDOOR Wgt. 850Kg
PHASE SINGLE TBONP.CAT 50C
SECONDARY VOLTAGE 110/1.732 110/1.732
RATED BURDON 220Va 110Va
FREQUENCY 49.5-50.5Hz
45
Power Line Carrier Communication
Introduction
PLCC Equipment
The essential units of power line carrier equipment consists of
:-a. Wave trap
b. Coupling Capacitor
c. LMU and protective equipments.
46
Merits
The severity that a power line can withstand is much more than
that odd communication line due to higher mechanical strength of
transmission line power lines generally provide the shortest route
between the Power Station and the Receiving Stations.
The carrier signals suffer less attenuation, owing to large cross
sectional area of power line
Demerits
47
CONCLUSION
A technician needs to have not just theoretical but practical as well and so
every student is supposed to undergo practical training session after 2 nd year where
I have imbibed the knowledge about transmission, distribution, generation and
maintenance with economical issues related to it.
During our 30 days training session we were acquainted with the repairing of
the transformers and also the testing of oil which is a major component of
transformer.
At last I would like to say that practical training taken at 220 kV GSS has
broadened my knowledge and widened my thinking as a professional.
48