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Building Technology: Layout and Excavation
Building Technology: Layout and Excavation
Building Technology: Layout and Excavation
NON-FERROUS METALS
________________578- ITS ORE, BAUXITE, REQUIRES 10 KILOWATT HOURS FOR
EACH POUND OF METAL ALUMINUM EXTRACTED.
________________579- USED AS A VAPOR BARRIER ON WALLS AND CEILINGS AND
AS REFLECTIVE INSULATION.
________________580- A LUSTUROUS REDDISH METAL, HIGHLY DUCTILE AND
MALLEABLE; AS HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH IS AN
EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTOR, IS
AVAILABLE IN A WIDE VARIETY SHAPES; WIDELY USED FOR
DOWNSPOUTS, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS, FLASHINGS,
GUTTER, ROOFING.
________________581- A SOFT MALLEABLE, HEAVY METAL; HAS LOW MELTING
POINT AND A HIGH COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.
________________582- A LUSTROUS WHITE, SOFT AND MALLEABLE METAL
HAVING A LOW MELTING POINT; RELATIVELY UNAFFECTED
BY EXPOSURE TO AIR; USED FOR MAKING ALLOYS AND
SOLDER AND IN COATING SHEET METAL.
STRUCTURAL SHAPE
________________583- HAS THE SHAPE OF UNSYMMETRICAL BALANCE
CONSISTING OF TWO FLANGES ON ONE SIDE.
________________584- ARE DESIGNATED AS W 12x24 WHICH MEANS THAT THE
FLANGE HAS A DEPTH OF 24 cm. AND IT WIEGHS 12 kg PER
METER LENGTH.
________________585- AS A COLUMN IS UNECONOMICAL, BECAUSE THE WHIRL OF
REVOLVING ACTION OF THE STRUCTURE ABOUT AN AXIS
THROUGH THE CENTROID PARALLEL TO THE WEB OF THE I-
BEAM IS COMPARATIVELY SMALL.
________________586- ALTHOUGH SUITABLE FOR PILE DRIVING ON DEEP
EXCAVATIONS IS MUCH SUITABLE THAN THE I-BEAM FOR
COLUMNS.
________________587- IS ANOTHER STRUCTURAL FORM IN A LETTER Z WHICH IS
NOT FREQUENTLY USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
EXCEPT ON THE FABRICAITON OF STEEL WINDOWS AND
OTHER FRAMES.
GLASS MANUFACTURING
_________________588- THIS MIXTURE, KNOWN AS FRIT, IS TIED INTO THE FILLING
END OF A FURNACE ANF MELTED.
_________________589- A HIGHLY GLASS SHEET OF THE SAME CHEMICAL
COMPOSIITON AS SHEET GLASS.
_________________590- A FLAT GLASS PRODUCE BY A NEW PROCESS. IT COMBINES
THE FIRE-FINISH OF SHEET WITH THE PERFECT FLATNESS
OF PLATE FRIT, THE USUAL COMBINATION OF RAW
MATERIALS IS MELTED IN AN OIL OR GAS FIRED FURNACE.
TYPES OF GLASS
_________________591- USED TO CONTROL GLARE AND REDUCE SOLAR HEAT. IT
IS THE PRODUCT OF A GLASS-COATING PROCESS WHICH IS
CARRIED OUT IN A LARGE, RECTANGULAR VACUUM
CHAMBER.
_________________592- SIMILAR TO THE PROCESS OF MAKING PLATE GLASS.
GLASS OF THIS TYPE IS USED WHERE CLEAR VISION IS NOT
REQUIRED, SUCH AS BY FACTORY ROOFS AND WALLS,
WINDOWS FOR HALLS AND STAIRCASES, SKY LIGHTS AND
PARTITIONS IN OFFICES.
_________________593- MANUFACTURING IS SIMILAR TO ROLLED AND ROUGH
CAST GLASSES. HOWEVER, THEY CONTAIN A PATTERN OR
TEXTURE IMPRESSED USUALLY ON ONE SURFACE BY A
PATTERNED ROLLER.
_________________594- SIMPLY ROLLED GLASS INTO WHICH WIRE MESH IS
INSERTED DURING THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE.
_________________595- THIS CONSISTS OF TWO SHEETS OF PLATE OR SHEET
GLASS, SEPERATED BY AN AIR SPACE AND JOINED
AROUND THE EDGES TO PRODUCE A THERMITICALLY
SEALED UNIT.
CLASSIFICATION OF SHEET GLASS
__________________596- USED FOR GLAZING WINDOWS DOORS AND STORM SASH
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WHERE GOOD LIGHT VISION
ARE REQUIRED AT MODERATE COST.
__________________597- USED FOR GLAZING WINDOWS AND DOORS WHERE
GREATER STRENGTH IS REQUIRED BUT WHERE SLIGHT
DISTORTION IS NOT OBJECTIONABLE.
__________________598- USED FOR COVERING PICTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS, MAPS,
CHARTS PROJECTOR SLIDES AND INSTRUMENT DIALS.
GLASS BLOCKS
TWO TYPES
__________________599- DIRECT OR DIFFUSE THE DAYLIGHT WHICH
PASSES THROUGH THEM TO IMPROVE THE
ILLUMINATION OF THE BUILDING INTERIOR.
__________________600- AVAILABLE IN A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES AND
PATTERNS.
THREE STYLES OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS:
__________________601- DIRECTS INCOMING LIGHT UPWARD TOWARD THE
CEILING. USED ALWAYS ABOVE EYE LEVEL.
__________________602- DIFFUSES IN COMING LIGHT EVENLY THROUGHOUT THE
INTERIOR OF THE ROOM.
__________________603- 8 x 8 in. and 12 x 12 in. 4 in. thick
HARDWARE
__________________604- METAL PRODUCTS USED IN CONSTRUCTION, SUCH AS
BOLTS, HINGES, LOCKS, TOOLS, ETC.
__________________605- HARDWARE SUCH AS HINGES, LOCKS, CATCHES, ETC.
THAT HAS A FINISHED APPEARANCE AS WELL AS A
FUNCTION, ESP. THAT USED WITH DOORS, WINDOWS
AND CABINETS, MAY BE CONSIDERED PART OF THE
DECORATIVE TREATMENT OF A ROOM OR BUILDING.
DOORS
__________________606- AN ENTRANCE WAY
TYPES
__________________607- A SMOOTH SURFACED DOOR HAVING FACES WHICH ARE
PLANE WHICH CONCEAL ITS RAILS AND STILES OR OTHER
STRUCTURE WHEN USED INSIDE, IT IS OF HOLLOW CORE,
WHEN USED FOR EXTERIOR IT IS OF SOIL CORE.
__________________608- A DOOR HAVING, RAILS AND SOMETIMES MUNTINS
WHICH FORM ONE OR MORE FRAMES AROUND RECESSED
THINNER PANELS.
__________________609- A SECONDARY FRAMING MEMBER TO HOLD PANES
WITHIN A WINDOW OR GLAZED DOOR OR, AN
INTERMEDIATE VERTICAL MEMBER THAT DIVIDES THE
PANELS OF A DOOR.
KINDS OF DOORS
__________________610- IT OPEN TO LEFT AND IT OPEN TO RIGHT
__________________611- A RIGID OVER HEAD DOOR WHICH OPENS AS AN ENTIRE
UNIT.
__________________612- DOOR WHICH, WHEN OPEN, ASSUMES A HORIZONTAL
POSITION ABOVE THE DOOR OPENING, MADE OF
SEVERAL LEAVES.
__________________613- (SOLID OR SEE THROUGH ALUMINUM SHUTTERS) A
DOOR MADE UP OF SMALL HORIZONTAL INTERLOCKING
METALS SLATS WHICH ARE GUIDED IN A TRACK; THE
CONFIGURATION COILS ABOUT AN OVERHEAD DRUM
WHICH IS HOUSED AT THE HEAD OF THE OPENING,
EITHER MANUAL OR MOTR-DRIVEN.
__________________614- A HINGED DOOR CONSISTING OF A SYSTEM OF PANELS
WHICH ARE HUNG FROM AN OVERHEAD TRACK.
__________________615- ONE OR MORE DOORS WHICH ARE HINGED TOGETHER SO
THAT THEY CAN OPEN AND FOLD IN A SPACE.
__________________616- AN EXTERIOR DOOR CONSISTING OF FOUR LEAVES (AT 90
DEGREE TO EACH OTHER) WHICH PIVOT ABOUT A
COMMON VERTICAL AXIS WITHIN A CYLINDRICAL
SHAPED VESTIBULE, PREVENTS THE DIRECT PASSAGE OF
AIR THROUGH THE VESTIBULE, THEREBY ELIMINATING
DRAFTS FROM OUTSIDE.
__________________617- A DOOR MOUNTED ON TRACK WHICH SLIDES IN A
HORIZONTAL DIRECTION USUALLY PARALLEL TO ONE
WALL.
__________________618- A SLIDING DOOR WHICH SLIDES TO COVER A FIXED DOOR
OF THE SAME WIDTH OR ANOTHER SLIDING DOOR.
__________________619- A DOOR WHICH SLIDES INSIDE A HOLLOW OF THE WALL
__________________620- A HINGED DOOR WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO TWO. THE
UPPER PART CAN BE OPENED WHILE THE PORTION IS
CLOSED.
TO HUNG A DOOR
__________________621- A MOVABLE JOINT USED TO ATTACH SUPPORT AND TURN
A DOOR ABOUT A PIVOT, CONSISTS OF TWO PLATES
JOINED TOGETHER BY A PIN WHICH SUPPORT THE DOOR
AND CONNECT IT TO ITS FRAME, ENABLING IT TO SWING
OPEN OR CLOSED.
__________________622- CONSIST OF TWO RECTANGULAR METAL PLATES WHICH
ARE JOINED WITH A IN. IN A LARGE HINGE, THE PIN IS
REMOVABLE, IN A SMALL HINGES, IT IS FIXED.
__________________623- A HINGE IN WHICH THE PIN FASTENED PERMANENTLY IN
PLACE.
__________________624- A HINGE DESIGNED FOR ATTACHMENT ON THE SURFACE
OF THE DOOR AND JAMB WITHOUT MORTISING.
__________________625- A DOOR HINGE HAVING TWO KNUCKLES ONE OF WHICH
HAS VERTICAL PIN THAT FITS IN A CORRESPONDING
HOLE IN THE OTHER, BY LIFTING THE DOOR UP, OFF THE
VERTICAL PIN, THE DOOR MAY BE REMOVED WITH
UNSCREWING THE HINGE.
__________________626- A HINGE HAVING A REMOVABLE PIN WHICH PERMITS ITS
TWO PARTS TO BE SEPERATED.
__________________627- A TYPE OF DOOR HINGE HAVING A SINGLE JOINT OF THE
PIVOT TYPE, USUALLY OF MODERN DESIGN.
__________________628- A PAUMELLE HINGE WITH KNUCKLES FORMING AN OVAL
SHAPE.
TO HUNG A DOOR
__________________629- A HINGE CONTAINING ONE OR MORE SPRINGS, WHEN A
DOOR IS OPENED, THE HINGE RETURNS IT TO THE OPEN
POSITION AUTOMATICALLY, MAY ACT IN ONE DIRECTION
ONLY, OR IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.
__________________630- EXCELLENT FOR USE IN RESTAURANTS, HOSPITALS,
KITCHENS, THE DOOR OPENS BY JUST PUSHING IT WITH
THE SHOULDER OR FEET.
__________________631- THE AXLE OR PIN ABOUT WHICH A WINDOW OR DOOR
ROTATES.
__________________632- A SPRING HINGE FOR A DOOR WHICH IS MORTISED INTO
THE SEAL OF THE DOOR, THE DOOR IS FASTENED TO THE
FLOOR AND DOOR HEAD WITH PIVOTS.
ROUGH HARDWARE
__________________633- COMMON WIRE NAIL WITH HEAD AND FOR STRENGTH
BOX NAIL ALSO USED FOR STRENGTH.
__________________634- FINISHING NAIL WITHOUT HEAD CASING NAIL ALSO
WITHOUT HEAD.
__________________635- FOR HANGING FIXTURES FROM WALLS.
__________________636- IOIN TWO SURFACES AND ARE DEMOUNTABLE 1/4” TO 4”
__________________637- A DOOR BOLT SO DESIGNED THAT WHEN APPLIED IT IS
FLUSH WITH THE FACE OR EDGE OF THE DOOR.
__________________638- DEVICE ATTACHED TO A DOOR AND ITS JAMB WHICH
LIMITS THE DOOR OPENING TO THE LENGTH OF THE
CHAIN. USUALLY USED IN HOTEL ROOMS.
TO LOCK THE DOOR
__________________639- A COMPLETE LOCK SYSTEM INCLUDING THE BASIC
LOCKING MECHANISMS AND ALL THE ACCESSORIES,
SUCH AS KNOBS ESCUTCHEONS, PLATES, ETC.
__________________640- A SIMPLE FASTENING DEVISE HAVING A LATCH BOLT,
BUT NOT A DEAD BOLT CONTAINS NO PREVISONS FOR
LOCKING WITH A KEY, USUALLY OPENABLE FROM BOTH
SIDES.
__________________641- KEY OPERATED LATCH.
__________________642- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH WHICH FASTENS A DOOR BY
MEANS OF PIVOTED BAR THAT ENGAGES A HOOK ON THE
FLOOR JAMB, A LEVER WHICH LIFTS THE PIVOTED USED
TO UNFASTEN THE DOOR.
__________________643- A LOCK OR LATCH IN WHICH THE FACE IS FLUSH WITH
THE RABBET ON A RABBETED DOOR JAMB.
__________________644- A TYPE OF DOOR LOCK, THE BOLT WHICH IS SQUARE IN
SECTION IS OPERATED BY THE DOOR KEY OR A TURN
PIECE.
__________________645- A SMALL REJECTING MEMBER USED OT FASTEN THE
FRAME OF A DOOR OR WINDOW.
__________________646- A HANDLE, MORE OR LESS SPHERICAL USUALLY FOR
OPERATING A LOCK.
__________________647- A PROTECTIVE PLATE SURROUNDING THE KEYHOLE OF A
DOOR OR A LIGHT SWITCH (ALSO A FLANGE ON A PIPE).
__________________648- A THIN FLAT SHEET OF MATERIAL.
__________________649- A METAL PLATE OR BOX WHICH IS SET IN A DOORJAMB
AND IS EITHER PLACED OR RECESSED TO RECEIVE THE
BOLT OT LATCH OF A LOCK, FIXED ON DOOR.
__________________650- THE PROJECTION FROM THE SIDE OF A STRIKE PLATE
WHICH THE BOLT OF A LOCK STRIKES THE FIRST, WHEN
A DOOR IS CLOSED; PROJECTS OUT FROM THE SIDE OF
THE STRIKE PLATE TO PROTECT THE FRAME.
__________________651- A LOCK INTENDED FOR INSTALLATION IN A CIRCULAR
HOLE IN A DOOR .
__________________652- A TYPE OF DOOR LATCH HAS A ROLLER UNDER SPRING
TENSION INSTEAD OF A BEVELED SPRING BOLT, THE
ROLLER ENGAGES A STRIKE PLATE, HAVING A RECESS
FORMED TO RECEIVE.
USE A DIFFERENT LOCKSET FOR EACH ROOM
__________________653- WITH A KEY AND UNIVERSAL BUTTON WHICH WHEN
PUSHED STAYS PUT LOCKS THE DOOR.
__________________654- SAME AS THE ENTRANCE LOCKSET BUT SIMPLER IN
DESIGN.
__________________655- WITHOUT A KEY HAS A BUTTON THAT IS PUSHED TO
LOCK INSIDE.
__________________656- A TYPE OF MORTISE LOCK HAVING ITS CYLINDER IN THE
KNOB.
__________________657- A BORED LOCK WHICH HAS A CYLINDRICAL CASE INTO
WHICH A SEPARATE LATCH CASE FITS.
__________________658- A SMALL LOCKING OR LATCHING DEVICE USED ON
SCREEN DOORS AND GENERATED BY A KNOB OR LEVER
HANDLE, SOMETIMES EQUIPPED WITH A DEAD BOLT.
__________________659- A LATCH INTENDED FOR INSTALLATION IN A CIRCULAR
HOLE IN A DOOR.
__________________660- A FASTENING DEVICE CONSISTING OF A LOOP OR STAPLE
AND A SLOTTED HINGE PLATE NORMALLY SECURED
WITH A PADLOCK.
__________________661- A DEVICE WHICH FASTENERS IN POSITION MAY BE
OPERATED BY A KEY.
__________________662- A KIND OF LOCK WHICH OPENS BY USING THE
CORRESPONDING MAGNET WHICH GOES WITH IT.
__________________663- A KIND OF HASP THAT HAS A BUILT-IN LOCKING DEVICE
WITH CAN BE OPENED BY ONLY WITH A KEY.
SLIDING DOOR TRACKS
CABINET DOORS