Geomcring —Difjrartiol Eyuins! Te rumodeal sol” of hook fporofire , Fluid floc oma clterc talated proamr cam begin column fe laws processes | hove “bern eoprened. in gowrening, hon in term of cmathemation, form , gerunolly diffrembiol Ma . > fin individual differen ol 24 aaprerme car tain cormvation pring ple. Lechwre — 02. —Andependent vordabler — Daprdant vaniablyr « “tre dependent ranialole, ate wrtalle spesific propanticn . ic. exproml on a wb man bony Mom frackon retndg (memenbin pin veri} mas) quamitien Bramplr : Specific. enWrley =~ The orm na. difnenbcl 24? devote ban - a ona unt volume” Sdn 4 fo ut “a a. noe nk able D+ Let, te demote a dun of & Appin dapendunk: vores % in the & dinection |) de is Ae component il | — pln De ete te WEEE et le col ee of I wes dadyd2, ‘ " . $a = rue basing da opposite: face 1S AMT aa 8% | | ey ee eur is 33 andgd2 oven Yee OLA | of ee fe OE | | b= Tha div. df omy ore | core apnnents re afflac af Qe | mecore pan unit’ vol,Role of chonge lex ~> Saco pps in a typi - eq? ond, ig anprimea por umf volume 24, apical diffenmbicl 3 2G cohuxe, bis a specific propery amd $s the dennty 8 demote an mornenturm par write rvolumne . is a Compilation of a Th compte differantioh = 4” suds teers 5 each rupnerents Om) unit volume vara, ImPYIMA — balance OC corer vation | |g Henan tt ig called connmvation <4". | | 4 tee eee — connenvahon of man orc continuity 24> Neelore form # + dv Qt) =° Taser form 3S 4,9 © cra 7~ aaclenian —co- ondinnles S_ (6w) = 0 $ S_(gv) + st + $65 + sO) se Compewtion of rmomuntumn ! se Velo: SED 4 av(oupu) = div (44 aed 4) - Sq + Bx Vat Px — Whas, Uo= veociky vecore us valouily in % dinecion n= mvisconthy P= Proms Bx = Sby fone. alorgy dinechion Vx = additional viccowr fonoe Fae dintnibuted nenbretit Solus) a 4A Gonbinabion of ‘Thue pnce / je — Boy fonce f wp / WY ~ Srunkia forces = Sofacr fonce We 2 « Comidoe a fluid many in rotion . === | a volume tT bombil by 0 surface A Let connda, am element of volume at with velocity qe. The mem of clement gdt . | Acconding ts Diftom bats prindple, dus to axternah once . The inertial force. , - sav (Ze) wil be a | AS Grlovral Anan ill be applied 40 fae AO, AN || Hea ood amd inortio ona will ba out from dae v0dy - i So, nagative sign bor leat | rewfona , Pre nanuadtoent inantia Sones mn applied isDt | a ie KR Mer | Af He b0d4 donee. per vei mms Je raglan body donee. | i ay negelected > Mipovonic fio - gravity fone |g The surface fonce- acting on 0 denen} of | -curfece da is | . 7 | peoth+ Bh ret 4%. af —GD in aA P,P §,-.4a —— i a ee ea fh = In Sant Ty Gry + ta Sua C HO, Gna ~ v A Pye Tx Syn t 19 Say thasya ~ fe = ean 4 ty Cay t 2 See AR = Vechnad aruacof tke dlement | | | PeesThe nerltamt surface fone , Z- Ufa Bw ae e Ble ae Aeanding to Gennes Drergence, Heorem, qekyeeae. TIE S* a i ¥.R dt -.. © dn shank, Gaus ta divingunes. dhiory fra einen | Z = ony vede. donclon | By mevoten's law of ration , dhe Aeted force actng fudd rom 5 ayok te de me rahe + on oO of Gnoore aromentacrn c Se a ele for +22 [EER BE mee D 7 of cmomentarn )oe she gurunal) egn of motion , 1°? oe. BER) + eH) = | Dt | eG eo | Subaltuti = ao | stitution fla shu components fore fa > % il > oe. < | | £ Phe oem + VR D2 = = DE st S$ Ss oe & = tet ae +e t 82 3 2 a o 3 v= tet yf t 12 Se Du _ Son, SS 86 oo Se cage SF + = o-ie @ Dv o Soe s St V fypa So g PP = Shy t YJ. Pa S Gam S6n9 &Sae | ex, + ots Hes HE [nace GD wo bo arpraveed in jour of vals) anivatien bo WS) tue snprention fn stun qomporents + fon stro components , The aprunriow> je Saw FP SD bun = RU oH Gyy = Are = -£ 4@-%) =e [Ci z Cae = au 22 . 2aGD-* [ @2) Now, - , Vv ny = oe (8 + &).----@) sa 4 24) ---~ ee Cee aor et) ad= Ty Gy g su st So — Us So foo cg fe J aS 8y | Gomervation oq? of N-S af? for Two dimumionLechuce — 0 a ye frogy BY According “to the frat tain of Traemodyra i + a Cloned saatem inerenr? she ergy The greeny ald te adlal both ‘vy per umit anon of as is heat and by woonk . = Deripition Erucgy = Let, @ be the hea aldul pr write mon see poeof—oonk, B the infernal ero Tru role of coonk dove &) of gor ond pa wh mn of gue dhe sins on unit volume of gen is You + 62 % Geax fan + Su Sno * ee Gr oe | | + ban Yen = 0 |e archer daramadion af first lao of tarred + Gea faa t Say Try T Soe Voge be a Gan Yan) et ce ® 9 2 + Gen eax + S99 Soysats “lhe ine a sinnen is 7s ot of grim nb a) fener ~£4a@4.%)~ Pf Ex + ee fag 7 3 _ Ez: c¥v.4)- P ef fay + {At an(? %) ~ Ph bee v Wan + ity t a Yi + @ oar +€aot & 2 (oF) Cee 9 2) i Sant too * Eee z - tas'} + an jen es + S22 v + a} Yay Nee + vax f San SO 3¥ Goo = $9 so fee = be éV Sur ty i gu oe Vo aywan (sev ae) - 0 (R99 [BEG] + af Gs)? (Br RS 2-0 (er hed) +P —® > dissipation taonebion, end ruprents dissipated hue ; is lela, ke dissipation fomation oWd oeey is being she ne nate ot Mook te action of visconity: « por vit volume £493) becom — Aa ation pn vw saq+ p> = g te + pva —® usm he Bt Pom by simplifiotion da on eo Gee Gs “Connurvation of) Momenturn ! : ; FE fom + dv(say = oe Gon) ~ FR tat tie Genel Pifireiol BP: Veekore ssp + av (@@ 9) = a (Te ) 8 @ @. o e deparbunle waviatle re choke or oer faction ; velocity » © i. diffution co etfidienk Aampunbwe g = some. Ter > twloulenk KE | € > twbulene ters | gan enphuninsy - turbsenes sole. “Eh mot is wd 5 ffctn <> ded Cdn goed: 3h Thon oy. force terme! in (5) © -iem —r Unsteady town @® Convection toa | © Dilferon tuor— ® ounce. laerre fon ead of thnvonbasbs am appropriate merry will ve given to the 4 dithmon co-efficient [ amd te soweer, “term .(eee ee fakomlen Comaanvation of chemical specie sem > = ome gy GF M4 Ble & of cherniok specien amy —> arom Srackion Po valedly vectore ve give > eomonation fun of tee specien [ v g te, the Sue connie ry te gen fea fd $4 ay > Siffre Hare ene ey omtlen’ f | any 4 pm go we SF genvction, oF A Susriok Sn ‘ | * unk alice. 6 TH gensrotion is a“ _ seeothion + ° Pick'S led af at di is empromd by Ww me f ditfurior - Sa -t grok ™ Ti? jg de Ufwion coefident : | ri |The envy eg? : Fox 9 sleady low “locity Jeo dissipation tu 247 oeowm» — DH Treaigible Visceowr div (G@-h) = div (kgred T)+ Sn h—> specific enbaley > Thermal conductivity Ald TTempusturce. Sq > Nolumebnic rate of heed genmahion, Fa dom div (Kgoh 1) teprnerts fae Influence of ornduction hut tromfor. collin dee. fluid according to te Powder Low of hunt wnduction -EH EEET eel terreet Teena rere tt ge cone of Ideal go efae ro visconity — no Wet dui pation + For i amd for er ideal gauss omd fore solid mh Ugquide eged t = gradh whee, : : cis We gpecific hut at comb prusone - | Then dhe onungy eq? Become, | avGen 2 we ant ny tos | 4h ¢@° is combat, pe eT chic lads K gedt) +o div Gev 2 wLactune - 06 ——— = # Co-ordirele Syatem | ~ Srdopmdint voniables . ba % The dependent vaninole P 1” ones go tone a df i ao- ondinad 27 wm TT. @ e cnet 4) % voniqloles - who , hopes oe indaperdun a Hi92> The. combbdte. de gn aint value one rede - # Shond Pipe floor —> 41D | Lorg Pipe flood —> 2D — Ore dimensional | wah wan > depends monly ore Spam P corondivate — aD: nls, whan depardt on ony ares FES, 5 spase ports - 3D $ oo iy | st: > does mot depend. on eS— Unsteady Shen deperds oe Boerne onraned) ~The no of grid points in naleted to dr rwmbor inkegoated Independent vanicbles , — Computer time com be proved for a feoee sum boon, of — independimt- Yoniable . H co- ordinate. noche ~ A gudicions — choice of he com pornstirnen — nedact. He _ erwwmnbare, indeperdat ryaniabls Exoropler ! 1. The flo anownk an air plans sthok is moving, wie combat, velocity is coun veda fromm a htionnny co-ordinate sedan , out cleo cont co-ordinate sntorm . a moving2, Te arigymmtnic flod in 4 dnculas, pipe apeeanes Ho be B- dimentional in 4 conterianr co ondinat& onliraker , ie sorlems , But it will we. aD in ¢ = 6D cylindrical, pola eon no daperdumee. of 2 Q, Tromefonmetion of Sod 208) reducer Hh ~™© of inbepindumt= cranicnlen « | (@) A 2D larirvon boundary Vege on 4 Fol pote . give prenilanitty bahaviowt oudr dike foe velacihy Auperdo on 7 coher _ oe | wha, ¢ e is Aimentional combat | —> To a 8D problem om be reduced +o AD problem. © Onbeabhy hed conduction in a “pers anfinike 2 hao omh + om dhe, independent. Laniadlea How aver, for Somme \ we he 4 ‘ Bed omy emporvincon be 7 { hoon to depen om F alone phere o - ox : F Te » with o ripening, en appropriate dimentonal coment. te Chee of — depundemt vorinbls can Lad to reduction jn dha, murmbor ef indupendnk variables @ Sn fully’ devilspeh duct fled » tre dom protons. T Aa lies stramils2 ondinoker % om enon sham co-ordinates y - However in Jrasernaey developed rion. coith uniform all emp, Tio ——< howe. 8 = &(9) whore » T- Ta ae oe ie Me belly don which varien with oe toa aD fod. We om ante xe ECO gece ok EEUe > centerline velocity Le trem eran co-ondirate. SA chemlentntic, de width Oy ed 6 vee) ounLachwca— OF e ated of Disendtization — A dieritized equation is om he relies of fon a group af grid pomts sudy om. Affercritiol, a governing algebnic Telation cormecting, equotion (gs denived from Ye >. — — Fon a given difkrwntioh ay , tre. possible dineniti zation Ce ane. by mo Tem wniyne + altho ot tue > in dhe Unit of VG af Ainertioation 247 one onpectal to gerd give the lenge unborn of grid pints » Some Ssution . Te diffe yper otises drem dra. Lifownens in Hoe profile, anamplion mak in da method of deviation. i With. disenitizabon concep ON) oe ern Seto unieroon veluss of & at invelving Ae mm the diffrentiod potion . = The algelonic 240° chonen grid points ont derived, fro denivation wa oruntsemplog Some oururp tos — dn fais ‘ Yaa ged points, {| : TF gteeude ned varias at” I[|= This profile of > roid be | Sing | Tylon about Viena Ie dia | olgplnic anprueion cabalation dovrane - L 49 * slack chonen rudr Yok a gulfieey for the Dhol |) Tasjon éeiiey venation : Tegan ore Finite. difference geid series emporvrion fore Pins, g point Ga) ot (0525) gives — = 45 sb An + * Se ip ore (xotan, 99) inartin) * $e ee *) ae XO) (any = sm. Ore % : n at po\ oa pg) oo, SE) soli g od! ¥ i) Hoa, tage FFbh Andeon Bool From i - equation (1) tte fonmand difference. 18 sh cx |,,, ima — boa : + o(ax) --- @ hie o Uenown’ a man romction encore ua aor it is of He condo of. AX. differme, between —- Th Th tremetion outon is de diffrence rupruseniation patil donivative. ob its oe abut = i,d vee tay Expanding Fina 49° = oi, + $4), ia Gs * eels 8 dia - bi on . Se + 0C4%) —_—® sl Eifference ” formulation solemn dhe rial ile hig Kroon 2 * bork Guvbmcling aw YO word GY 0% woe — Piajd sp > | RHO 5. 09” sel; — wfiling og CY omd © Yoh Hig — 2 Gia + bes tA Fina — 2 bua + div | x a _ an = The drametion wurore (TE) LA un commider, Re heat 24P | od 2 & St e || using a frewond, diference. fon time amd a canta diffsunca. fon pacon§ danvetve darivativ & [| oe gab, \| oo 7 : “ ae [ah 2h +TE = PvE - eve The onder of TE im thin cone is 0 (At ,@0") Tylon's Expeevion : : ws . Su GA, £4 a + £5 ae ee an @,, eo Sy sae ~--- @ \ Let un reviedd Som anpects of of x me rarely Let wr ereidan 4 entire spmelion | fea) ait ath derivative ee ot te ce of fat a lelion Gran) can be artiste from dee sf Ft Gd, -- i ~ 4004 Bane tee ; teen em cond rn ne en BET rman oe ite, Se wl -\ Slope sx Let un coma & fonction, fo = mn anh l| | we neaed 5 £00 + e982 0.9511 Ans 0°02 3 | | A point > t= THM 9. aa ECxetnp = F(0°83) | = 0-982 prman = B47~b olin mone accunnoy , pddikional highse ondat Aves qrank ba. Included - at st f@tad) ~ $+ ga 8m ow Flog) ~ Flor) + [ax eon} an’ x0 | 0-02 me 0. 95il + 0-088 = 0+ 959 fowcerknge anor min atimation is, 9-999 = 0.9883 | 0.982Q x00 f 20-795 7% For latten entimabion , x St 24 Go" f 4p ~ fOr An + 7 $ (014g) % £02) + am oon(eK 0-2) 20.02 — Gavan de O02 aS | | we 0-98 + 0-0388 _ 9. 0095- | = 09824 | ee4 of enron is 0.9824 — 0-96%3 = a X10 09828 = e0n7 Qomments on Wile ondoc accunacy 1. Higher ondine accmate — diffeunce by ragssining Mone grid points , raulk in Yrome compute me. raquined fore eadh tre rep - a. On tee oftun a diffrence, ndeme apmallare mo F total gnid points coreg raquinn compormble ovenath ina fled solution fo ablain acces g. Tiguse onder difference. wide quality solubio eal Oe phonpee ok mene ndhemen rr nealke in wn sud caphwud shock, COO es dinvinck-a Whol Wappen ab 9 bmdong 2 = Whe spe. of diffrencirg is poscitble. 2 = wWhin we hove. ony ome dinection to go ? Let Re grid point L be on Ha boundary. colth points Q omb | (8 4 Gahran, AY aml 244 rbowe tha, bow beg) + we Widi to combrt a finite differumen. aperonirration fo fe at boumdorg «TE IS omy te caretrua 0 footwork diffrence. a” | | | @- Free | which is dre fit onder aceureeg | nuke which fs of —_Haaver howd do Oe ablam a > l\ aucord ondar acewrnre),4 Bw Rage ~ 198 Leb us exprim the value ef parameter by 0 polyrornil ar ® uz atey t ey” Lek ua conde dhe grid point 2 At pot 2 Ma volun is y= O we o —9® He grid point @ 97 AG atbay + ce) -® up = mognad point @- 39> aay L atv Gad ce — us > saving 29” @% oO vy omy + 6D) a — : ayy .-- © + yo Ay + 4e qa iM , > enom @ onh © May + TD a » = 2hDefourtinting af (4) ith nuvpect to" Ju. oo. ® iy bt eY 20 Pralanting on dae roumndory awe y den uw = oe () x) . 4 From ef (q omb (9) se = =Buy +4u— WS Le. Ao) [ any This ts ore sided finite diffrenaa gaprurciom) dak orden on and onlin arora From Tylor Brporrton , bu = a u(y) = 4+ aah, se,so 7s Compare aq? Ce) om (I). We Orn roy that dhe 24 (io) 8 peork onder accurate quokient at Ve bommLaey . 1 Sesh & Cormider, iu, viscom’ iso of om ovr Mat pip at agen stakion in du flow dinection fhe voriaton of $i valovty , U in he dinection pmpendicnten to ha plate (Cy dnection) is given wy da zaprenion We ise2. (1- ae) When, L te dan Chcactarintic Length = + ind | wa earls of u ore fels: The wiowmiby _cp-efticient | = a ¥37a nor sly | Sts We vor | | Q . we we Aye ob in fee Sonik of ros univ dec Aincneke -yobuss , oloula i} aisnsy = YFhh os nlunn Sumy att dn Doh , 320% Ya by dour dent coos | | BG) Gp Wed | |i, Uo Fimt ondux one vided diffouner Vi, unr) enon onder « - diff a fe on oe difference rally 7 ne bul L diffrence : ed Pirie Fi comport. ke 7 m eoith the awock value. of Po 9 apuified from “7 Fink ondisy differen er Su Ma - uy F515. ay (0-54 ~ 0 a et OL = Isosey ft free tle a & Sen = SBBFSKIT x Is0r- GR > a = 6s FI? gu/ teSeconk onder di fone Seconk onder difrener : 4), DU Oe) QR hy n ~BKOt YK WSOSG — 286: FF Rx ” 1579-0 $e/G@ in) = Su tata = Sa] 5) 9.9373% 0" KISH-O KID 2p 072 ae? ol Rink onlin diffewres: gu min 18g 3943 RO 69 eal eae Dorrie xistred) eae eune 3 + AK 410-03 exot loa G oe lS in. Qu a pe 092 x10? $0) 507 a1YA We 1582 (-e 5) wo 182 Sy c a »| %® 59 | 420 9. 3333 HIF x SED AN2— oe 09s KIOLecture — 10 TE = PDE = PDE 4 do we lerod Wo owe FDE is acceptnble ont tn pan wre t of a rrondking golubion Hh FOE rawhts in am approPaiate gdution to He PDE 2 In onder +o 2 accepladle , OWE Aiffownce rupanentation fon rronching —prtllem meds to met re comditions of cormiotamey mk sabithy - Corrine — Comninteron deals ity dae estent to whidr Ye Site : diffrunce squatiors appreninat

0 He PDE'S+ of portieh di frond | goid fo 2 orator if WR Caen Hot TEStobilty : Numotiad clability is 4 coneepl applicable in meme only 1 rmonthing problems . A stab Scheme 18 OTe fon did, = orrwreds foe from or) sowra. ore mot prmileh to gre? in He maquamce & cumninieal procedures a coloulation prowads from one rmanching atop to te met Ma Strick Le errcrrvticod | Egeinple t The heat epuation —> ao oo st © ee i, 2% us [ om - 8% +e] @ at ~ “as “his eq? is stable only if a At — (aa SaBo — emmy, a Ardomorn — 161 i Us _ central A ” u difeunce for firme danivatire oie “Wha > - ep on Aart n+ di oe v yn i (an" [o, ~ 29) + Fin lat, ros AE, (ar Paling Hhin vrais in de eg? © ae ee [ wm. ge COM TOD * (ad ¢ er, Fi LA, ot *&, a loo’ nt : ae e, yt = 200'e » 20 wo a 5 ae cramdk amd it fe wrmnatetol ttt let et | a ¢ ttl I Sog 971 " yoo’ 105 ~ ° 200°C «ied Fe olen devin is derided into o rumba of Pe overlapping contro! volurmer qudh dhol tert ig OTR corbrwl vous, gunroverding sath rid point. —s 5 (eee is inlegrabed, oven pach | = Tee paid ifoetol eg? asntrs) deme. |= fleousine profile enprowing dhe variation of $ vaboain Yr anid points ane ned to ervolunte dhe nagpineh inkagrale ; The ww ig the dinevtizaton ea? ombsining tha anda of fon a group af grid prints Ts >T2 27 1, 2,3-— poms,— Th dicenitizaho oF i the comenvadi ee 7 on prinuple of fon thie Pini tre whe mite combrol quck on the diffeenbal eg? emprenes it foram wnfimiteriral contrsl volume af come We Pee oo This ee ee points — dhonaakaninhice _ amok gust Umit?) gat poms & becor Lange ven re woe gud anibits anal inkagre bolames. gourtionLechwe - 11 en ie ee ~ Win the dicnetiention 29s rariabler , The grid point values of the dp dopardint rele an be viewed in +o differant —©¢* 4. In dae Hrile dement meted , He eaelghted ruridual omelhed The omurmed verietion of > cominting of dhe grid point values om ee intenpobbion Pmetion on proble bebaer ake grid pants is token 07 he apenenirmete. gdution . 2. Tn da finite difewmes., metrod only dhe grid pint valu of Gd one conmdoud to camblute, We solution. | Exounple' Leb un cemmdax steady 4D Wak anndustion -ogn K> foonral conductivity To Tormporabary 3 > rote of hut gencution par wnt? volume . lili d ST se &) +8 oeKa > Lek un give attention to die control volume abvoul grid pont p > L omk W are athe Tuightouns grids The dated Un omh 2 fv denshe dhe fos ef dna contnol volume [ee otarne uit dhidews ny ae, dine hon is Anaial | > Thar de volume of dhe conbra| vol nt. | ag coe. tntegnate tre Lifruntiol 24? wen we eet, ‘ st) + Sdu 68,7] «= é &), : | Sate= The Simpl poasibilihy is do emmurte Hak 4A vole over dhe emlnol of T at a gnd point prevails volume suocnunding ik. This gives dhe stepatce prekle On own i. — fore slepeaine profile SL at carina volume face 2 ond @ an nok be defined . = Pleceeoine Unsan profil. doze rer suffer de difiedty Linz Intpolotion fumekiona osu ured — oot? de end | 4 points — he dinardheation eg? if we Rvaluale at coh precedise Gneon profi, dhs diffrence 247 com be eaniten oFke (Te - T ‘ "Yon. ~ Me Gr + Sanzo : Whew, S ts Wy onarmge value of 8 own dhe an volurna . ka Te i Moke _ et we 7 — K Ka TO = Gd. Gd, oT + WE + Eaere ~ lek, ag = a. 1 dan = BS ) Ops Ap +A” b= AX ap Te = Oe Te + ants +e --7" CD Lommmunt !_ (a) ireprinents dhe shmiack form in whid, we The ag dole dioeteabon 24", Reread — 0% phalh eonibe o™% pointe appewv> On he oun pont tempts at du antral ans ol ee maigh $onm dae teem 07 dha night side, The tompowtie lat vide of anki dsmboicfon 2D ord BD fron IRs mo of maighbou incre . Then the gerunal form of |. S &mv Ta + b — whine, dhe gubstripl mb ww denote % rsighbooun 4 Conrment 2! eh te simmplat un to evaluate , we howe Ww dn deiviny eg? @ prbu. omemption . That enables ST. However, many oan Interrelation fomabom SK | would twwe bean ued ctowmunt* 3: at is mob mecdd fo une dhe neere prabls. sfon oh quomb tins eg. 5 meds not be eomt collated Prom a Une oniakon. of 8 bekowm dhe grid polity, nek ke rom liraar waniabon oF batoaen Kp own KeComment ys — Ben fon a gi : gen vomalla. nama prehy omumphon med mot be med fon ot trm in te 2gP Lecluee = 1% Paar F Gusding prinsiple = qu fuadom of choices fe vdeo gives the vanity of dincnitizat i formulation | ocho formudetorn ane aolrctel -fo give He coerns: eslution Pere 5 one Heire Share, 22 for. coome — Wo gnid sdution « = ak nhowk Weve = | ° Pryce qaalintic bebsviowr. | © overs alomes > Prorie_eetiom = A warliobe waniation odd Wrore tn arnt qpornthve arnack vyoruiation + srenk onunnulialic os Appraximate. tout phymidy nudidhe KX > Baal Example! Tn Wok conduction eoithout souncs , no empaabws com Ve outside Ya rome of dempinodane ey ooundloryy dempandunas, When a lid is being coold by an ambient: fasd , the solid com mot acquire a Jemperstura, (oedat Hen os ful . & oveull bolmee — The flux , mam flow rater, senemestin| fur rerun correctly give am overall, boalemetr worth Appnopninte sourcnr . othe comteed nt phe onbinmn med avenatlh thelomesTrukment of du source secm | SR Te sorter term | The Sournee term is a function Of Ve dapendomt vaniables ond Om be expnyed an S = Se +t Sete Whow, Se sherds foe Yhe combed park of amd Sp is de ew efficient of “Tp Sham dg deerdintion epelion bem, 1) +b = eta + 20 TH OpTp = hasta . [ Ke AE” 6. koe eo" ODa — Sp AK ap = OF + Aen b = SAXFour barie nutes ; =o 1. Comidensy af control velumne dacer » = —whin a face is common to too adgacen contrel alumna, Woe flux aencm ie munt be in fe raprrented, by the tame a prention dineretized 29% 2 fon dhe -koo ewnfrol relvamey . Noe! The heat Hue hak beaver one conbral volume Pronk a ponticulir froe mut be idunbionl to dre flue shat entocs the mext combrel volume, dieu dhe nen. face. ONunepieg He. gyenall bolanos. could rot be Sabiofied . Work flan wet omay be eyrluated from a quadeatic | profile, partir dbecodh To , Tp amd Te . slope different from eaak- (a joe Siounk from one | Be0ste une of dhe pana kink of “Beomattion fn We crrext control volume mplion dhak dhe grodiant at ot dhe commen lanface colerloted from Lifount profiler , mnidered, . daperdingy on whidh control volume is bain ow Wie HH yon incomintency, 7Leckie — 18 — Amothc practicn trot could Lad fo flue ineorinfency isto anume dot fhe flux at nthe feces of a given control volume ane abl governed by tre cednal ember point conductivity: i ~The heat flue at the inlerface, 2 will be anproned, on kp et cordoned, is when de control volume ruscroventivg. e ke ete) /Sd. colon te eaP fan dhe || am an | canker point is combructed « =% avid muh incomrintoney , it is umeful to | ramembur Hat am interface flux mur bbe wrmded |) im its oom night ond not on beloming 40 48 cantain oembrel volume , i Ap Tp = L%nb Tay t b I ® hesitive n-efficierd ® The valua of a dapandent voninble ak a grid pointis. ‘nonce. 7 — dhe = oY) mole ot maifhboori one = pots. f- aluoogn be ve) ucrealintic polution % a & ann Gud ca effat efficient awe Lal +o on — Am © ineneme in Te ele | ee — St follows Hod te eveffident 4 7 ae ne hove. Abe rome YM — dm sax idordar) He she gernal eapation the mepoor J oo. officents one om fae centocpoint coeffeient ap ok amen be of We pone PAY Ct: om ee plates toes" AN co-efficdent mou be gorstive.”.-— violates Some ohn finmnulabion ane fue @hich te nukes. * Sometimes giverdhe that give unnulnte golahon . vislebes “Ye rae = We Positive con-effident umbec there einewvntmes . fea —> Negstive slope Gneniaahion of he Pounce term, — Bren if de, me Melghbor co efficient axe aVZ, Ap Com be wm ve vig Sp tem . Mno sHhin com be omolded by aw a) Sp Will not be positive . Than , when the Sounce term fs linsanized ay 5 Ta Set Spt , he de wellicient . 3 - Sp tmnt aluvaya be ln Moen on equol 40 vero ,> 4¢ om effective beak removal mecherinm ic mot groslab. ymnealintic solution amy occur: rhould. be proper Ook > The gounce sevm Linsarization Rulb-y : >4 T rapnirents the dopente, vortaole Sac furebion T amt ree (adhe ¢ is om anbi combomt) both oohify-> ths differential ed? coher, ‘to remain oolilyy efter ee odbed, 40 tes. doparbun| —yoniables » Lecture — 14 MH Awbig AD weak orrbuchon 43k 4920 This od to te dincritizaion equotion S opTp = Sete + an To + 262210 9} 6 w A @ where , iC a An: | ae = Ga), pale *0* Go Op = ae + a0 ~ Se o* b = ScA%cn 2 omd © ore phed weloan = Te contol volume ie che grid oink p amd its conunprrding naishbors . the omct locations of trex fae com be conmidennd +o vo anbitny . ~ Many praction fon thsire plement one possible. » — Se amd Sp arcing ‘forerrr from the Sounce term | linenrization of dhe form $= Se + err = ig evaluated, drom piece wise — Linsan, youlation of Tat 2. ye Guid spacing ' ~ gt is nok necumany that the grids to be umiform . Brdeod de we of merlinwa NO -umifoom gnd Cpacing ic often « derinable fn ik emable wr to dipley computing, paver effectively . — Th numbn of gus points necdod xn | given aceunge prrd she ery dy abel be dintribnbl jn ealenlation| dornain, ans. tmadlns hake dapendiactha, reskin af che | problems to be solved » > Before dre problem is golved appropriate me ~ enifoom gnid distnibubion com be dene by too cry + Cy) one menmally har come qpasitative aperntens | about die solukion from which ome. gucenen con be obtained . | Gi) Pritinay Priliminoey avarred grid golutiors CAT. be uned to fink She pattern , trun a Suibnble | mon unifonm gid aon be ommtnucted . # Anbenface Conductivity ! | = We brood dhe vous of Ko ot pont wp, & | elec. Then wa med oa Prmreniahon fon eroluntivg te . ie nbn faoe, Cnduuctiite » S&Y Ke: 4 intoons of A ere grid “poink mitts> | mNon uerfonm ombustivily eraey “anna fun mann || hemogeniby of He cnaterial ae om in composite Slab. Evan in a homogensowr amatenial , ‘the dompawturea doprience. of dhe conductivity mm load 4o a conductivity variation in nuponne to | Re tempirabie dinbibubion . — On the restorer of genual diffronial 24? , fon , the Aifforion co-elficiont Fo coill be handle im We Hira, wary ar Kh - | ed | eT shte fnwmd procedure fon Ke is to Gomme | tansan, vantation oof & bekoan pots P omni & ka = fe + C-4s) Ke Wha f = Intecpolation frebor: i @vet Le Lea noes ofideo betrdeen he BH he interfer 2 eoher ene aidwry Ord points, fp = 05 amd Ke woulk be dhe artithmabic oneam of Kp anh e Ke At aa tle 9 The Weak flere, _ be G-te) Ye = “Go Let control volume, anoimd Pis Fite coh a Married eo ity, nifonm comduactivitey of bee md that 2 ig With kp Then, % « sae jie OQ et Ln hg : Gor et Reere G fe, te ) . up Ke --~ © [Dive «] ~S$ 2 is plaad mrbwoy den fe = oo OFMe Gs leGade+ de = Ode (He- Gdet aL He = be kp Gide a 41 Ge, = Cw. up Gad et Gide oe (sae 17" GHe oS ke tg (-Te) We Gi Gaye w-te WO Lee ee ee aa Al a 0:5 me -(GE+ Ae) k ee aXe Ke | = pt Ke | | @ — teemoric. eee amk ke +4 =| ee he [oe , de] gw Kp rapes “he conductances of the cmateniol bean forts Parnd E. Chiaking effective nen af Hin formulation @ut, kw —-o ke —>0 Tho impli Hob free -e is immalated . The arittmalic mean cod howe givem kp #° ©) 2 lp >> ke Non, kp — t 2 + Sine, te de, de. up Kp Cte) het Joke mee ke WeOF , we = —eMe C4) Me + deep eke * Gone i Ke iS xp 270 “Bis nonlhs howe, “b08 implitationn (® Ke is rok at ath dependent on Up. Tris is anpected —pacaure dae hah ombudivily arslteniah. ~ grcamh point p could caymponinnn coith qrotenicl, onoml &. in sRe onthmotic meen formula, ould Wve retained, dhe eect of Ke ork He @ ve thts but yothusc he beX Re Ke (e—Te) lt 4 = Ge affec Tepigi ble, paisboeeon, 4, e te (eB) fexGde 3, Gee te (Tete) Ga)pt Getke tempavkune @ TP will prevail night opto drop Tete will actually He Non i lon) rusty se dinenithzotion a7) arte 7 Ogte + 20Te +b omh com bo. sewed fu 20t of eq by dhe rmethod of Urn algebric ag. {| mak fk depends on Then dee 29 bees mon-Unm- woe Aah hwndle oud cihobion by fae method of stanatontee of aati: i 4. Stent with a gum valuws of T. ak all grid points . 2, Prov these guened t's caleulate te aefficiente 3. SoWe Ve nominally Uncow nek of algebnic 09? to get Te ber oolus of T. 4, (OU, te wa T/s , retunn te ntep & park Tupeat Ths. prec | unk) the proce produce nerdy paeme! TA The firal undwmgel state is Known oA camvengence of the ibeotions . | a The comvanged — Solution is achaatly he eorack golubion af dhe Tonlinsan 24, obthowlh wh Is anniveh ak by dhe anetheda fon solving Unean 2977 % Ok ig aro possible Hat suuccursive Ueber whould nab 2% convenge. do a golution . The volun of T mY steadily drift on @edlate with incrmring ommplide . This prot? Bo edwhida ig he opposite of comvagsnae Is alk “divergence” # A good numsmiol method proud minimize dhe postiboilies of divengemce - % dt ig do be moled Thal his procedune. 1s rot Umiled. +o Uno problars, fy monliranity con abtarl im principle be by dhe \herative, technique .Leche — 17 Sounce Term linearigation a aT 5 OE go ee { j Diseribzation of , OpTp = OgTe + 2oTw + b S= Se t Sp —ahen 5 18 & mon Une fometon of T 7» we munk Linennisa | tk amd —inconponae, of: Uneore depordainey is better thom Areatng an ag combent « wat ie neamony to nperify Hu van of Se amd Sp ahd may deport onT, | | ay Duning each Herabion eyele Se amd Sp cane be coleatatel fom dha mad volun of T. || The Ybome rule af mon positive Sp must be obeyed -| Bempe-1 Gin, 6 = S-4T Te rumbera apporing have ro ponticulae Sienfonu . Some possible Uinariaation on ! Le So 8, Spe4 > TAS is dhe monk obviom foam 2. be = 64TH > TY gus value on previow itemton Volud Sp ot ~—TWis prowess ig chaopet «SVT retlationip amd slovo dean de commune, Exomple ~2.° S > 34tT LS = 3 | Thin Is mob accoptable or sp is +v¥e arg Se=% 1 omay courea divagena, in a itnabive solubion. 2. S= OFF Te | This way be ocapbable « be =O 3. $.= 3+ 9T.* | This will slop) don cnvrgence . spe 2rma be acceplable but nok a good oh, 2 Stow down the convmngence spe 8 GY Recommended medred, Ce oe + (3 P Cte ~ Te") = 4-57 ¥8 4-6 Tp So + (-1st*”) (T-)* ) 2-52 — 16 TH Tp + 1s TH? The, S = 4rtoTr Spe ~16R Se= uta Te? Aso, slow down cpnvanguree. Sp = 525 pt”je Oe, [dws =] 1B Coulis sn eS y dnleyral points 7 7 : A ees 2 Ma Topink antral Genbrl volume. elm, = *(-Te ) The dincritization og? apie = 4g Te T4dTw + Two eyabion Involved the boundary grid point lamp . * Nonrrelly dhcea kindy of boumdary conditions ong, eneoumanel in heat — conduction A. given bowrdany eomparchune, 2. given bnedory Vek foro 3. Powmdawy Ink finn cupplied via < beak drufer ‘ co-elficeomt onl surrommbiny oe% The dinenitization eq Optp = apte taato +® te Af dhe boundary dempirabune, » Tio iS known dhin ne cBSitional aquations one. racked, Ag Wok flu is given , tren the ayn a (ys a Si(h gx) +89 ip fo be itagnated Overe ” the: tovdany half contre! Nolune . 4 ede Semds fe 8G % Then wae cam ante = ae + (6e* Sets) = O ae Abin integration 4e- Vit Gc +507) ar=o a Th ome dermis raniaeh in Urual fakernone Mn ond, co-e 1s cpeettied dhrouh a peak dronfor susseundivg furid domprratune . TY hen Y= Oy -Te) Then, 20 Te = AagTz tb — oe . 605 ay = ag — SPAM th b = So Am +hTy W dm this mama, woe one able ty construct de required soambin of ople = bate + CT te | (Tri-diagoral adrian algo nsthrn) _decturne — 8 AH Solution of Linton Algebric or 1 3 k 2 nay ait, = biTin Ci Tins +di (e238, eee Fan, tbovmdaney point opation> geo bon = 9Then we com conite, at, bit -- Bd = OyT) t aTe bit: - = da d ~ gt, t 43% ~ bel = °% = Oy Tyg + Qn-1Twe 7 NciTN = ciel — Cy Ter + an Ta = AN Stig implied teak TG is kroan in tem of BD: ona eqution fon i=@ is a ralaton 8” 7, Th anh Ty. Sut Cie Tem Se. cupneved | inere sche ts. (hi, raauon Teducrn fq Talabion betown Te aml Tg 4m obkec coonds, Te Cam be exprneh in term of Th. Tis procs of subabtation can be continue banti] Ty ig fonarelly erermmed in tenons of Tar. Gut loeemme Ty4) bar 10 tmeaming fuk Prisbmor » wo actualy te Geel Vole of Ty at is shge .ais erabn wy fo begin dhe tuk. subrtthtion precte in whid, Thy 1S obbinad from Ti JTn-2 from Typo = tram Ty om Th from Ta. This ig We emence of the TOMA - Let fore foncoand — subntita ton method 5 Tt Pi Tint + Qi Sienilandy 5 Te Pay Ti + Ain hen, 7 laity = bi Tin FC 4 PIT + ing +di > (i Shah 7 BT F _— . + di +cidinn 2a a GP Qomponinsy 4” @ ani ® bi Foe aa Pin fn itt~ for end point Ty = An ~ Plgorithn] 2 4 1. Gloulate Ae ras Zi 2, Une the recur ence ralation, +o obtain » oond @y for te dB : Sot 3 ty = an 4, Ue tp 2 i Tay TAL he ie N-,N-2, -- -- a2, to obbin Thea) TH-2 7 - Te, ToTA Unskeady 4-D conduction wither source dorm , te 1D unsteady comducton 24? is a a aT Se se = 26%) > &t, a ' |. | te e| eye amkeguting oun ake control volume , © tat foeae Te = > (% at t ee f{ pam = | | GH) a ot i. e @ tbat ge BL dedx = eax (Te %) € how dhe subseniet 4 oomd 0 refer to the vodurs at cpa? dd es uo” omd “old” —-volurs r ( . 7 ke (Te-Te vo ToT) | * ean(t4- TF) = | Gwe - Ee]Lecture = 20 Reamnamging amd Anceping ha supargenipt + wp - ac [ite +G-) te] toler (-a | + for -GDae ~ (-H aa] whow, i e Pt Gos o SC AK OF = at _ “OBO op = f% * faa tar —> fxplicit , enamk — Wicelson omd — foldyy implicit scheme $=0 lead to enplicit scheme | £205 «© « Cromk~ niclson adheme f= 40 bad to Ply implicit seberre| tig ar ~The explicit sderne ementially anume Wot dhe oo vole Te’ prevails Hocoughout tre entire timestep except at ime G+ at) ~The fully implicit scene postulates Hed ot time Tp Sudberty drops from TH to omh then shayo a Tel ova, Me whole of dba Hrresfop «Then Yau Jompuwbone, during dhe Himestep is chwwctenire toy ply that is We me tempuature . \| The cromk-nicelmon scheme amutren oO Uinart voniation of p- \| ~The arplich selhume Op Tp = eT + aa Tw + (a8 — ae- ay i | = for Ax = Belg = COQ orth & = combontTht eombition bn chile solution is a Gy & 4} Shis condition is viehtel, a phyricallyy umnaatiabic WAL \ ' ; > Seay > 2 twubls ill occur Discuoion! Te is not ulated +o ours unknown » sodh 4 Te ore Ta bub is ee plictly obtainable interne. of known tempuotwar Te’ , Te , To - & TWs is way dhe shuane is known a axplia Th “The tmestep At cool hove to be sxroll erourh a The tnoublsormne feakwus aloouk conUtion we Zh ts dhok on we reduce Ax to tmpnewe epatial accunacy , ee Oe faced to wre ak auch aamaler Ati _ Lram= Nicholson scheme : 1. St is disenioal as uncondi Horably stable —..—h—hmrtétsr=—S—~S~—si‘CSC zs C‘CC‘Oi“CiC‘CSCsisézss—;sSN ag —@e + Ou0)/a 3. fon uniform conductivity amd umiferm grid Spacing, . at ax his co-efficient com be sen toa 80 Wy Gs. Whenever HAL Himestop is not sufficiently erro cliis coefficient could eccome megetive eile ralinbe | rents - | 5. The nearorable Uirenn profile in fy GiGi. goo Tepremniedion of ctumpue Hens. fon ovdy vol I Hin inkageds . | @— Fubly implicit scbwmne agTe + oom + Op Te = | Ke ae i | ° ue ap = 8 Fe—Lachore- 24 # Grammy — Seidl point by point method Opp = S Onp Tap + © Tp al a grid point is caleudated form ar — Wee He Tap gorda doe the Taphboning —poinl volute. be: at He previows iteration « — oT frubdy, calelated vous . To iludrale te arathod , we phalh eereidarc chao von Simple exommpler . TT OUT F012 The Wh Solution Tuwtion no 1 > : ; 5 a bee 0-68 o-k32 0g 0980 “ Mg hee ete nade 8 8FTe Tet R= &ot, poo “3 me a9 RES Jeoreny a8 2002 Faot We thus condude that, che gain = aids method — dean mob alinage commune Indud a cnitenion © hw ban cpomviatd oy geatbonoudr ©58) tek whan — said method . kinbiel » guerantes fhe comveyyence of he gan The seonbonovys cribsuon + fy culficient condition for fhe conveypnee of gery aside Wod te! 7 = lane i 4 Gon adh equations Tow| Gn ok wack ore aqpatione gh CC Page - &4 Pom bea kc S Comments | an 1. The eniterion is % sufficient csedition, mot a meer} This mens trek 0% cam , ak tees pviclote Ye 6ne~ gill obtain convenes [« cormests | enienion od— Over ralanation od undue pulaxahion : Tn a itmative method of solution , it i often desinsable to sped up orc to slowd down the chooryer 5 from uation to ewton in the valiar of dependent sonlablen + “This procun iS call “oven relanation” — ot unduy culboetion” dapendivgy om ahithen Jha voniable chngyen cue. acealinnted on Hwrrd doa. +Lacdwee— 32 Oven relovation | TE is often used tm Gru —Siedil method ond dhe rusting amathod ig Lroan an ruccemive over ruler ation oa). we unk ralaxation is oflen emplyed in solution of non-Urum Zu | utd I —> Pind Nu 2? i — > Dred tempat profile 12 {| |) ' || 7 Gonmdon tha probinin of sounce, faz bunt conluction im om | mmlateh nad chore anks ant rraintnived, at content of too'c ord 500°C respectivdly . dor porotorta problem governad by — The one dimemional d aT) 2 Xk a)"° Cobeulate Yor sheaby stote tempenture dintrioution in he mod. Kz 100 Wink» Crane puakional ania A= l0xtoom<— 05m —», & G—__—_ 7 — Area = $00°C + Tye t00'e Te =§ xe | th pa gi 2 > 4 os — Be ef gol Sa be Z — The dinenitization equation ap Tp = AWTa > dy md Sp ane 2u0 8 for tbo -t Te -% Let, a= 04m ke> Kia = K= (OOOW/ Sounce ‘eron: K ak a AK te 4 A4KY & a at) ° w+ eB co Se Su + SeTp Suz 24 es ia Th a ie Op Tp P= AmTo + Te + Su / 2p = Op+ag —sp Gy eo , aa =she dinenebization a? > 4 EVs Es Ger Te = pate + OTe + @S)t Gmnidedvr An Node a0 ae Se Se ap ee loo Q0Ta 200 300 a Ww 1 j0 co. 4 Wo 90 ° 9 = : (06 ( ° 2 ] ao Gao 5 ld 5 20% 30-1 2. a woh 7 2 2. wale = 5 a mo Meg 182M ty 5 5 : \@ am ‘ 6 7 0 us oe8007, — loo TE = 200 Tm “IT, 4 Bop T, - 10073 =0 D = lOT, hacotg ~ WoTy =0 ~ 10 Ts 4 a00Ty ~ 100% = O ~ 10 Ty +30 % = 3% Sale! T = 8140 —— T) = 220 Ts 2 $00 ft T% = 3% Te = 460 no OS T= 10K + 190]