12 September 2019 Lecture – Curriculum Development 3.

Laws
They affect the curriculum in terms of
funding, policies and programs.
I. Sociological Foundations
4. Moral values
Society and culture relate to curriculum in
the sense that they are part of the bases and They are reflected in the curriculum
sources of many curriculum matters and especially because of socio-cultural basis.
decisions.
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Whatever changes there are in them,
Schools exists within the context of society
education in general and the curriculum in
and influence culture which in turn shapes the
particular, are affected.
curriculum.
The societal changes/forces affect the
A curriculum should be able to prepare
school, and hence, the curriculum are as follows:
students for the present and the future. In other
1. Cultural traditions words, a curriculum should address the wants and
needs of learners by responding to social
These may become a stumbling block to
conditions locally, nationally and globally.
progress, especially because stakeholders are part
of the community-at-large. The relationship of curriculum and society is
mutual and encompassing. Hence, to be relevant,
2. Textbooks
the curricula should reflect and preserve the
They determine to a large extent the culture of the society and its aspirations. At the
curriculum because of its same time, society should also imbibe the
changes brought about by the formal institutions
a. availability
called schools.
b. organized structure
c. easy bases for test construction
 Society is increasingly becoming diverse, choices of appropriate strategic activities in
more multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi- implementing the curriculum.
religious and it is important that the curriculum
Philosophy helps us answer the general
understands and reflects these changes.
questions such as “What are schools for?”, “What
As the world moves towards becoming a subjects are of value?” “How should students
global village, society becomes even more diverse learn the content?”.
with people bringing in new values, new
languages and a new way of life.
III. Historical Foundations
Addressing diversity in a curriculum will
continue to be a challenge for educators.
Cultural diversity of pluralism recognizes The historical foundation of curriculum
that most societies are composed of many voices reflects the educational focus prevalent during a
and many ethnic groups. particular period or event in Philippine history.
This focus can be made as a basis or model for
curriculum development of recent years.
II. Philosophical Foundations
Philosophy is the starting point in curriculum
decision-making and is the basis for all
subsequent decisions regarding the curriculum.
Philosophy gives direction to curriculum and
becomes the criteria for determining the aims,
selection, organization and implementation of the
curriculum in the classroom and the school in
general.
The schools’ underlying beliefs and values
have an impact on the curriculum content and the