FHC LT1 REVIEWER 3RD QUARTER

suspension, fixation
pexy mastopexy
((organ)
Czarina Ronquillo
rrhaphy suture myorrhaphy

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES plasty surgical repair rhinoplasty

❖ 4 PARTS ➢ SUFFIX

➢ WORD ROOT ▪ word element placed at the end of a word or word root
that changes the meaning of the word.
▪ The word root is the word part that is the core of the
word ▪ Changing the suffix changes the meaning of the word.

▪ The word root usually refers to a body part. ▪ In medical terminology, a suffix usually indicates a
procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
▪ Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek
language. ▪ Many suffixes are derived from Greek or Latin words

▪ !
▪ !

WORD ROOT MEANING ▪ SUFFIXES DENOTING INCISIONS

derm skin
SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE
nephr kidney
centesis puncture arthrocentesis
stomat mouth
ectomy excision appendectomy
cutane skin
forming an
stomy colostomy
or mouth opening

ren kidney instrument to

tome osetome
cut
dent tooth
tomy incision, cut into phlebtomy
dermat skin
▪
gastr stomach
▪ SUFFIXES DENOTING RECONSTRUCTIVE
pancreat pancreas
SURGERIES
cardi heart
▪
mast breast
▪ SUFFIXES DENOTING REFRACTURING,
therm heat LOOSENING, OR CRUSHING

muscul muscle SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

oste/o bone clasis break, fracture osteoclasis
chondr cartilage
lysis separation,destruction,loosening enterolysis
arthr joint
tripsy crushing lithotripsy

SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE ▪

binding, fixation ▪ DIAGNOSTIC, SYMPTOMATIC, AND RELATED

desis arthodesis
(bone , joint) SUFFIXES
 SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE spasm involuntary contraction blephatospasm

algia pain cephalagia stasis standing still hemostasis

dynia pain gastrodynia stenosis narrowing, stricture arteriostenosis

cele hernia, swelling hepatocele toxic poison thyrotoxic

ecstasis dilation, expansion bronchiecstasis development,

trophy nourishment atrophy
emesis vomiting hyperemesis

emia blood condition leukemia ▪

carcinogen/
gen / genesis forming, producing carcinogenesis
➢ PREFIX
gram record, writing cardiogram
▪ A prefix is a word element attached to the beginning of
graph instrument cardiograph a word or word root.

iasis abnormal condition cholelithiasis ▪ Adding or changing a prefix changes the meaning of
the word.
it is inflammation gastritis
▪ The prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or
lith stone, calculus cholelith direction.

logist specialist in study of dermatologist ▪ Many of the same prefixes found in medical terminology
are also found in the English language
logy study of psychology

malacia softening osteomalacia

megaly enlargement hepatomegaly

instrument for
meter recording thermometer

metry act of measuring pelvimetry

oid resembling lipoid

oma tumor adenoma

abnormal condition,
osis increase dematosis

para to bear (also a prefix) multipara

paresis partial paralysis hemaparesis

▪ !
pathy disease neruopathy

penia decrease, deficiency leukopenia PREFIX MEANING

phagia eating, swallowing dysphagia a without

phasia speech aphasia hyper excessive

philia attraction to hemophilia intra in, within

phobia fear claustrophobia macro large

plasia formation, growth hyperplasia micro small

plegia paralysis, stroke hemiplegia ▪

poiesis formation, production hemopoiesis ➢ COMBINING VOWEL
ptosis prolapse hysteroptosis
▪ The combining vowel is a word part, usually an
rrhage / hemorrhage or ▪ “o” and is used:
rrhagia bursting forth menorrhagia
▪ – between word roots
rrhea discharge, flow diarrhea
▪ – between a word root & a suffix to ease pronunciation
rrhexis rupture angiorrhexis

scope instrument to view gastroscope ▪ – thermometer = therm / o / meter

▪ – arthropathy = arthr / o / pathy

scopy visual examination gastroscopy
▪ Oste / o / arthr / it is
 ▪ – The combining vowel is used to ease pronunciation;

▪ therefore, not all medical terms have combining vowels.

➢ COMBINING FORM

▪ A combining form is a word root with the combining

vowel attached, separated by a vertical slash

▪ it is not a word part, rather it is the association of the

word root and the combining vowel.

▪ To analyze a medical term divide it into word parts,

label each word part, and label the combining forms.

➢
➢ A combining vowel IS used to link one root to another root,
and before a suffix that begins with a consonant.

➢ A combining vowel IS NOT used before a suffix that begins

with a vowel.

❖ DEFINING MEDICAL WORDS

➢ Rule #1
▪
▪ Define the suffix, or last part of the word. In this case, -
itis, which means inflammation.

➢ Rule #2

▪ Define the first part of the word (which may be a word

root, combining form, or prefix). In this case, the
combining form gastr/o means stomach.

➢ Rule #3

▪ Define the middle parts of the word. In this case, enter/

means intestine.

➢ When you analyze gastroenteritis following the three

previous rules, the meaning is revealed as:

▪ 1. inflammation (of)
▪ !
▪ 2. stomach (and)

▪ 3. intestine
❖ GUIDELINES IN WORD-BUILDING SYSTEM • Thus, the definition of gastroenteritis is
“inflammation (of) stomach (and) intestine.”
➢ Guideline # 1
❖ BUILDING MEDICAL WORDS
▪ – When connecting a word root and a suffix, a
combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins ➢ Rule #1
with a vowel. Hepat / ic
▪ A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
➢ Guideline # 2
➢ Rule #2
▪ – When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel
is usually used even if vowels are present at the ▪ A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins
junction. with a consonant.

➢ Guideline # 3 ➢ Rule #3

▪ A word root cannot stand alone. A suffix must be added ▪ Use a combining form to link a root to another root to
to complete the term. form a compound word.
 Distal Intephalangeal
DIP (joint)
DO disorder
dead on arrival; date of
DOA admission
➢ !
Diphteria Pertusis
UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTABLE ABBREVIATIONS Tetanus vaccine ; Doctor
DPT of Physical Therapy
ABBREVIATION MEANING Dx diagnosis
A assistance D/C discharge
AA atlantoaxial Evidence Based on
EBP Practice
Alert, awake, and
AAOx3 oriented Exercise Induced
EIA Asthma
ADD attention deficit disorder
early intervention
Attention deficit EIP program
ADHD hyperactivity disorder
EOB edge of bed
ADL Activities of daily living
EX exercise
appearance, pulse,
grimace, activity, EXT extension; extensive
APGAR respiration
F fair
Arteriovenous;
Atrioventricular;Aortic f/u follow up
AV Valve
frequently asked
Bilat bilateral FAQ questions

Bl blood; bleeding FBG bast blood glucose

BMI Body mass index Func functional
BSA body surface area G good
bw body weight GCS glasgow coma scale
bid twice daily Hams, hs hamstring
Cath catheter HDL high density lipoprotein
Center for Diseases hormone replacement
CDC Control and prevention HRT therapy
CHD congenital heart disease HPI history of present illness
CI clinical instructor HP hot pack
coronary itensive care I Independent
unit; cardiac intensive
CICU care unit I&D Incision & drainage

chronic liver disease/ ICA Internal Cartroid Artery

CLD chronic lung disease
ICP Immunoglobulin
CN cranial nerve
Ig instruction
cerebrovascular Instr instruction
CVA accident
IR internal rotation
c/o complains of
IVC inferior vena cava
DF dorsiflexion
 jt joint Obj objective
L left; lower OPV Oral Polio Vaccine
LBW low birth weight OTC Over- the counter

LD learning disability P poor;plan

LDL low density lipoprotein Path pathology
LLE left lower extremity pc after meals
LLL left lower lobe per by/ through
LLQ left lower quadrant per os, p.o by mouth
LTD limited pupils equal round,
reactive to light and
LTG long term goal PERRLA accomodations
LUE left upper extremity PF plantarflexion
LUL left upper lobe pediatric intensive care
PICU unit
LUQ left upper quadrant
proximal interphalangeal
M Male
PIP joint
MCA Middle Cerebral Artery
PMS premenstrual syndrome
MCP post- op after surgery/ operation
mets Metastis before surgery/
MI Myocardial Infarction pre-op operation

Medical Intensive Care POC plan of care

MICU Unit
Prn whenever necessary
mmHg millimeters of Mercury
posterior superior iliac
measles, mumps, PSIS spine
MMR Rubella vaccine PTA prior to admission
mob Mobilization, Mobility q (may bar sa taas) every
magnetic resonance
qh every hour
MRI imaging
qid four times a day
metatarsophalangeal
MTP joint qn every night
MV Mitral Valve quad quadriplegic
N Normal; nausea R right
N&V nausea and vomitting R/O rule out
N/A not applicable REM rapid eye movement
neb nebulizer RLE right lower extremity
NGT nasogastric tube RLL right lower lobe
Neonatal Intensive Care RLQ right lower quadrant
NICU Unit
RML right middle lobe
Neurological Intensive
care unit ROM range of motion

non-steroidal anti- RV right ventricle

NSAID inflammatory drug
Rx drug; prescription
 S&S signs and symptoms before surgery/
a (may bar sa taas) operation
S/P status post
c (may bar sa taas) with
SA sinoatrial

SBA stand-by-assistance
HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE
SCM sternocleidomastoid
❖ HCAI - HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION
sed sedimentation ➢ referred to as a NOSOCOMIAL or HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
infection
SGA small for gestational age
➢ Infection occurring in a patient during the process of care in
surgical intensive care a hospital or other health care facility (clinic, mental health
institutions) which was not present or incubating at the time
SICU unit of admission
SNF skilled nursing facility ▪ NATIONAL CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH (NCMH)
IN MANDALUYONG
SOB shortness of breath ➢ This includes infections acquired in the health care facility
but appearing after discharge, and also occupational
sexually transmitted infections among health care workers of the facility
STD disease ❖ WHAT IS HAND HYGIENE
STG short term goal ➢ Procedure by which hands are made clean
➢ Compromises physical removal of visible dirt (often the term
SVC superior vena cava used is “soiled hands”), transient microorganisms and some
of the resident hand microorganisms
Sx symptoms
▪ E coli
Sz seizure ❖ WHO SHOULD PRACTICE HAND WASHING
➢ HAND WASHING OR HYGIENE
T trace
❖ WHERE SHOULD YOU PERFORM HAND HYGIENE
TBA to be announced ❖ POINTS OF CARE
TBSA total body surface area ➢ The patient
➢ Health care provider
Trng training
➢ Care involving contact
treatment; traction; ❖ WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN
Tx therapy; transplant
➢ prevent spread of germs
U upper ➢ Hand hygiene keeps you healthy by reducing number of
germs on your hands and helps reduce the spread of germs
US ultrasound to other people
➢ Prevents contamination of the patient’s environment
UQ upper quadrant
❖ 4 MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE
vent ventilator ➢ BEFORE INITIAL PATIENT OR PATIENT ENVIRONMENT
CONTACT
W walker
➢ BEFORE ASEPTIC OR CLEAN PROCEDURES
WB weight bearing ➢ AFTER BODY FLUID EXPOSURE

weight bearing as ➢ AFTER CONTACT WITH PATIENT OR PATIENT

ENVIRONMENT
WBAT tolerated
❖ PROCEDURE
WFL with functional unit ➢ Assembling equipment
s(may bar sa taas) without ▪ Liquid hand soap
▪ Cloth
w/c wheelchair
➢ Removing watch
y/o years old ▪ Remove accessories

yd yard ➢ Assessing the hands

➢ Turning the faucet on
yr years old
➢ Adjusting the flow of water
// parallel ➢ Wetting hands thoroughly with hands lower than the elbow
➢ Applying ample amount of soap from dispenser
p (may bar sa taas) after
 ➢ Rubbing hands vigorously while counting 1-5 ▪ BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION
▪ Palm to palm • employs generic infection control precaution
▪ Right over left with fingers interlaced • based on 3 premises:
▪ Left over right with fingers interlaced ♦ 1. All people have increased risk for infection
from microorganisms on their mucous
▪ Palm to palm with fingers interlaced membranes and non-intact skin..
▪ Back of the right fingers with hands clasped ♦ 2. All people are likely to have potentially
▪ Back of the left fingers with hands clasped infectious microorganisms in all moist body
sites and substances.
▪ Left thumb
♦ 3. An unknown portion of clients and health
▪ Right thumb care workers will always be colonized or
▪ Right fingertips to left palm infected with potentially infectious
microorganisms.
▪ Left fingertips to right palm
▪ STANDARD PRECAUTION PRACTICES
▪ Left wrist
▪ Right wrist
➢ Rinsing
➢ Turning off faucet with clean towel
➢ Drying hands thoroughly with clean towel
➢ Discarding used towel into the provided receptacle

ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

❖ DEF OF TERMS
➢ ASEPSIS - freedom from infection or infectious materials;
includes general cleanliness •
➢ CLEAN - denotes the presence of some microorganisms but
absence of potentially infectious agents
➢ PATHOGEN - an organism capable of producing disease
➢ MEDICAL ASEPSIS - all practices that REDUCE the
number and transmission of pathogens
➢ SURGICAL ASEPSIS - practices that keep an area or object
FREE OF ALL MICROORGANISMS
➢ MEDICAL HAND WASHING - hands are rendered clean to
MAINTAIN MEDICAL ASEPSIS
➢ SURGICAL HAND WASHING - removal of as many bacteria
as possible from the hands and arms by MECHANICAL
WASHING and CHEMICAL DISINFECTION to maintain
surgical asepsis
•
➢ ISOLATION - measures designed to prevent the spread of
infection or potentially infectious microorganisms
❖ 2 TIERS OF PRECAUTIONS
➢ STANDARD PRECAUTION
▪ Used in the care of all hospitalized persons regardless
of their diagnosis or possible infection status
▪ combination of UP and BSI
▪ UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• to prevent the SPREAD OF INFECTION
• to decrease the RISK of transmitting unidentified
pathogens
• obstruct the spread of blood-borne pathogens
• DO NOT apply to FECES, NASAL SECRETIONS,
SPUTUM, SWEAT, TEARS, URINE, AND
VOMITUS unless they contain visible BLOOD •
• Consider all blood and body fluids potentially
infectious. ➢ TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) to
prevent exposure.
• If it is WET AND STICKY ;), and not yours, do not
touch it
▪ clients with known or suspected infections that are
spread in one of three ways: by airborne or droplet
transmission or by contact
▪ used alone or in combination but always in addition to
standard precaution
▪ AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
• clients with illnesses transmitted by airborne
droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns (rubeola,
varicella, TB)

•
❖ ISOLATION PRACTICES
➢ PPE
▪ GLOVES
• Protect the hands
•
• reduces transmission of endogenous
microorganism to individuals receiving care
• reduces transmission of microorganisms from one
client or a fomite to another client
• STERILE GLOVES
♦ catheterization
♦ venipuncture
♦ suctioning
♦ wound dressing (open wounds)
♦ IE (internal examination)
• CLEAN GLOVES
♦ oral hygiene
♦ handling soiled articles
•
♦ offering bed pan and urinal
▪ FUN FACT HEHE c: ♦ perineal car
• Nassocomial infection - infection acquired in ♦ enema
hospitals
♦ NGT insertion
▪ DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
▪ GOWNS
• clients with illness transmitted by particle droplets
larger than 5 microns (diphtheria, pertussis, • worn during procedures when the nurse’s uniform
mumps, rubella, pneumonia) is likely to become soiled
▪ FACE MASKS
• reduce the risk for transmission by the droplet,
contact and airborne routes
• to be worn by client with the infection
• to be worn by all persons entering the room of the
infected client
▪ EYEWEAR
• indicated in situations where body substances
may splatter to face
➢ DISPOSAL OF SOILED LINEN AND EQUIPMENT
▪ Enclose articles contaminated with pus, blood, body
fluids, feces, or respiratory secretions in a sturdy bag.
• ▪ Handle soiled linen to a minimum.
▪ CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ▪ Make sure to disinfect equipment /devices used on
patients.
• clients with illness easily transmitted by direct
client contact or by contact with items in the ▪ Use care when collecting specimens to avoid
client’s environment (infections - GI, skin, contaminating the outside of the container.
respiratory, multi-drug resistant bacteria)
▪ Place disposable needles, syringes, and “sharps” into
puncture-resistant container.
 ➢ HANDWASHING
▪ PURPOSES
• reduce number of microorganisms on the hand
• Reduces the risk of infection
▪ EQUIPMENT
• bar or liquid soap
• Running water (water source)
• Towel (cloth or paper towel)
• Nail file/ orange stick

▪ TYPES OF FAUCET

▪ !

▪ ! !

REFERENCES

• Powerpoints

• Lecture notes from discussions of Ms. Nancy Mendoza and

Sir James Rapanut