EXPERIMENT NO:

BRAKES USED IN HEAVY VEHICLE

‘3118.T’
( TATA SIGNA TRUCK)

Name:
Class: Div: Roll
NO.: Sub:
D.O.P.: D.O.S.:
Grade:
Aim: To study brakes used in heavy vehicle 3118 T

Introduction: A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a
moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its
motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. An air brake or, more formally, a
compressed air brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air
pressing on a piston is used to apply the pressure to the brake pad needed to stop the vehicle. Air
brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple trailers which must be
linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers in addition to their
use in railroad trains. Most brakes commonly use friction between two surfaces pressed together
to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat, though other methods of energy
conversion may be employed.

Vehicle selected: 3118 T ( Tata Signa Truck)

Brake used:Dual Circuit Full Air S-cam Brake

Air brake: An air brake or, more formally, a compressed air brake system, is a type of friction
brake for vehicles in which compressed air-pressing on a piston is used to apply the pressure to
the brake pad needed to stop the vehicle. Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly
those having multiple trailers which must be linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses,
trailers, and semi-trailers.
Construction: The system consists of service brakes, parking brakes, a control pedal, and an air
storage tank. For the parking brake, there's a disc or drum brake arrangement which is designed to
be held in the 'applied' position by spring pressure. Air pressure must be produced to release these
"spring brake" parking brakes. For the service brakes (the ones used while driving for slowing or
stopping) to be applied, the brake pedal is pushed, routing the air under pressure (approx 120–150
psi or 690–830 kPa or 6.89-8.27 bar) to the brake chamber, causing the brake to be engaged.
AIR BRAKE CIRCUIT S-CAM BRAKE-
SYSTEM

Working: When the brake pedal is depressed, the brake valves varies its position and
compressed air is admitted into the wheel brake chambers. In the chambers the air acts upon
flexible diaphragms, moves them the pushes out the rods connected with the levers of the brake
gear cams. The S-cam turn and separate the shoes thus braking the wheels.
When the brake pedal is released, the supply of compressed air is cut off from the brake chambers
and they are connected to the atmosphere. The pressure in the chambers drops, the brake shoes are
returned to their initial position and the wheels run free. The brake valve is equipped with a servo
mechanism which ensures that the braking force on the shoes is proportional to the force applied
to the pedal. Besides the valve imparts a relative reaction to the
movement of the pedal so that the driver can sense the degree of brake application. Advantages
:
• The supply of air is unlimited, so the brake system can never run out of its operating fluid, as
hydraulic brakes can. Minor leaks do not result in brake failures.
• Air line couplings are easier to attach and detach than hydraulic lines eliminating the risk of air
getting into hydraulic fluid since there is no hydraulic fluid. Air brake circuits on trailers can be
easily attached and removed by operators with appropriate training.
• Air not only serves as a fluid for transmission of force, but also stores potential energy. So it can
serve to control the force applied. Air brake systems include an air tank that stores sufficient
energy to stop the vehicle if the compressor fails.
• Air brakes are effective even with considerable leakage, so an air brake system can be designed
with sufficient "fail-safe" capacity to stop the vehicle safely even when leaking.
Conclusion: The construction and working of the brakes used in 3118,T ( TATA SIGNA
TRUCK) was studied in depth.