LITERATURE MIDTERM PSYCH 3

HISTORY OF CHINESE 1932: adopted the Soviet Classical Period (600-200

LITERATURE doctrine of socialist realism; art B.C.): Chinese lit. generally
must concentrate on commences; Chou Dynasty
 A treasure of a very
contemporary events in a (122-256 B.C): Period of
considerable number of
realistic way. great intellectual
brilliant and profound
awakening; threatened the
works for each dynasty. SOCIALIST REALISM - means
very foundations of
that art must concentrate on
CLASSICAL LITERATURE traditional culture and
contemporary events in
philosophy because of its
 EARLIEST PERIOD realistic and exposing the ills of
ethical importance.
 Covers works from 3000 the temporal society and
years ago to the late promoting a glorious future CONFUCIUS
QING DYNASTY (1644- under communism
 Central figure in
1911)
MAO ZE DONG: “Talks at the china’s intellectual
 Virtually unbroken
Yan’an Forum on Art and history
strand enduring
Literature”  His works emphasizes
dynastic changes.
the proper conduct
-Yan’an Rectification
MODERN LITERATURE of life.
Movement lead to another era
 OPIUM WAR in 1840 to called “Maoist Era” THE FIVE CLASSICS
the MAY FOURTH
MAOIST ERA (1949-1976) 1. The I Ching or the Book of
MOVEMENT IN 1919.
Changes
 Novels, poetry and other  After 1949 socialist
works began to appear realism, based on Mao’s  book of Divination
with a theme of 1942 “Yan’an Talks on  Which later become a
patriotism and a Literature and Art”, fortune teller’s
revelation of social ills. became the uniform handbook for
style of Chinese authors interpretation of men
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE
whose works are and other guesses
 Distinctive published. about the future.
 New and revised literary  The open atmosphere of
2. The Shi Ching or the Book of
language, form, literary creation enables
Poetry or Odes
content, and skills. literari to satirize and
 Independent and open expose the evils in  Made up to 3,000 songs
art; available to the contemporary society. dating from the 10th to
whole of society.  “petty bourgeois 7th century B.C
 Strong political idealism”;
“humanitarianism”; 3. The Shu Ching or the Book of
tendencies
insistence on freedom History
 Wide and amiable
communication  The government  a collection of semi-
between writers and increased its insistence historical manuscript
readers. on the use of socialist and speech made by
realism and combined the various kings of the
PRESENT-AGE LITERATURE with its revolutionary Hsia, Shang, Yin and
 Evolved since the realism and Chou Dynasties
establishment of revolutionary
romanticism. 4. The Chu’un Ch’iu or Spring
People’s Republic in
 during the Cultural and Autumn Annals
1949
 There was a logjam Revolution, the  Short chronological
because of the Cultural repression and record of major events
Revolution that lasted intimidation led by as they occurred in
for nearly 10 years. Mao’s fourth wife, Jiang courts of the state of Lu.
 Great number of Qing, succeeded in
responsible writers drying up all cultural 5. The Li-Chi or Record of Rituals
deepen the literary activity or Book of Rites
forms and content.  No significant literary
 A compilation of rites
work was published
CHINESE LITERARY WRITERS and rituals gathered in
 Oldest document in Chi.
the 2nd century B.C
LU XUAN: most excellent author; writings: inscription
 The core of the
leader of the League of Left- written on bones and
Confucian idea of social
Wing Writers (1930) tortoise shells (1400-122
order.
B.C.); Yin Dynasty
LITERATURE MIDTERM PSYCH 3
CONFUCIUS DU FU  Panini’s Ashtadhyayi;
standardized in
 -551 – 479 BCE  Also known as Tu Fu
grammar and phonetics
 a Chinese teacher,  Wrote in High Tang
of classical Sanskrit.
politician, and period
philosopher of the  his work is very diverse, LAWS OF MANU: Important text
Spring and Autumn but his most in Hinduism
Period of Chinese History characteristic poems
KALIDASA: greatest playwright
 His philosophy are autobiographical
in Sanskrit literature; one of the
emphasized personal and historical, recording
greatest poets in Sanskrit
and governmental the effects of war on his
literature.
morality, correctness of own life
social relationships,  “Sighs of Autumn Rain”, SANSKRIT LITERATURE: origins in
justice and sincerity “Departure” an oral traditional form that
 His thoughts received produced the Vedic Holy texts;
INDIAN LITERATURE
official sanction and UPANISHADS.
were further developed  Literature produced on
into a system called MAHABHARATA (C.500 B.C.)
the Indian subcontinent
Confucianism until 1947; Republic of  Longest poem in the
 traditionally credited India thereafter. world; divided into
with having authors or  Earliest works are orally eighteen books.
edited many of the transmitted.  Battle between the
Chinese classic texts Kauravas (kurus).
including all the Five SANSKRIT LITERATURE: RIG VEDA
Pandavas representing
Classics  A collection of sacred the principle of good.
 Confucius principles hymns dating to the  Glosses, descriptions,
have a basis in common period 1500-1200 B.C.; legends and treatises on
Chinese tradition and RAMAYANA & religion, law, philosophy,
belief MAHABHARATA, and military matters.
 championed strong appeared towards the
family loyalty, ancestor RAMAYANA (C. 500 B.C.;
end of the first
worship, respect of FINISHED c. A.C. 200)
millennium; CLASSICAL
elders by their children SANSKRIT literature  A POEM OF ABOUT
 recommended family as flourished 96,000 LINES; SEVEN
the basis for the ideal BOOKS
government MEDIEVAL PERIOD
 It concerns Rama (an
“Do not do to others what you  KANNADA & TELUGU (5TH incarnation of Vishnu)
do not want done to yourself” – AND 11TH CENTURY); and his wife, and
an early version of the Golden Literature in Marathi, Rama’s eventful
Rule Bengali, various dialects destruction of Ravana.
of Hindi, Persian and  Much more compact
 “Analects’ Urdu began to appear. and readahle than
CHINESE POETS Mahabharata.
20th CENTURY
WANG WEI  Bengali poet
 a Chinese painter and Rabindranath Tagore
a poet became India’s first
 a figure of legendary Nobel laureate.
stature and is CONTEMPORARY INDIAN
considered the founder LITERATURE: TWO MAJOR
of the five-landscape LITERARY AWARDS
style of paintings
 one of the master’s lyric  SAHITYA AKADEMI
poet writer during the FELLOWSHIP
Tang Dynasty  JNANPITH AWARD
 “Drifting on the Lake”, KALIDASA: Famous poet and
Green-Water Stream” playwright
LI PO  Raghuvamsha (Dynasty
 a Chinese poet of Raghu; written in
 one of the greatest classical Sanskrit rather
literary figures in Chinese than epic Sanskrit.
lit