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IP Chapter I - Introduction Sample PDF
IP Chapter I - Introduction Sample PDF
IP Chapter I - Introduction Sample PDF
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Line CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
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One of the key innovations in the early nineteenth century was the development
and production of plastic. The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parkes
and it was demonstrated at the 1862 Great International Exhibit in London. The material
called Parkesine was an organic material derived from cellulose that once heated could be
molded and retained its shape when cooled (history of the topic) (Bauer, 2007). Since
then, other types of plastic like celluloid, Bakelite, rayon and others were discovered
because it is durable, lightweight, reusable and does not rust or rot. These characteristics
have made plastic very popular and widely used in the production of gadgets and goods
that have made human lives a lot easier (uses or applications of the topic of interest).
Although plastic has many positive influences in everyday lives, there have been
instances when plastics have posed some health and environmental hazards. Most plastics
do not pose any health or environmental hazards, but some monomers that are used in
manufacturing plastics, have been proved to cause cancer (Brown, 2003). Also, benzene,
a raw material used in the production of nylon, is a carcinogen (something that causes
cancer) (Petrucci, 2000). Even though recycling continues to reuse plastics, most plastics
do not rot and cannot be reused. This has resulted in large volumes of plastic being
deposited in landfills. Many also end up polluting bodies of water that can lead to
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problems with floods and sanitation (observation or problem with the topic of
interest).
help ease the problem of pollution. Some have developed plastics that can decompose in
of plastic films to produce an inert humus-like material that is less harmful to the
environment (no author, 2010 June 8). These plastics could be composed of either bio-
plastics, which are plastics whose components are derived from renewable raw materials,
or petroleum-based plastics which utilize an additive (no author, 2010 June 8). The use of
bio-active compounds compounded with swelling agents ensures that, when combined
with heat and moisture, they expand the plastic's molecular structure and allow the bio-
Checked by Student C)
In the Philippines, several groceries and department stores have begun replacing
their plastic bags with biodegradable plastic bags as part of their efforts to help protect
the environment. Few studies have been done to confirm whether these plastic bags really
are biodegradable and how long they would last if they were placed in conditions similar
to that of a landfill. To find out the answers to these questions, the study aims to:
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• compare the length of time needed for these biodegradable plastics to break down;
and
• determine the conditions (temperature, moisture, surface area) that can speed up
Hypotheses
plastic bags.
plastic bags.
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The results of this study can be used to determine whether the plastics being used
by the different department stores and groceries in the country are really biodegradable.
Determining the optimal conditions for degrading these biodegradable plastics will also
help in finding out whether the conditions in a landfill would be sufficient to breakdown
biology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the relationship of organisms
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and its environment, giving more emphasis in the biological aspect. The limitations for
this study include the equipment, time, and the types of plastic bag tested. The
researchers have decided to use materials available at Miriam College High School’s
laboratory. The space where the study is limited only to the Biology Laboratory. The
given observation period must also be within the school year. While there are other types
of plastics available in the market and various conditions at different locations are
available, the aforementioned equipment, location and time constraints restrict how much
The related literature is organized into the following topics: (A) Biodegradability
Biodegradable Plastics.
In paragraph form….
• discuss your related literature in terms of principal finding and your own
• last paragraph/s answer/s the questions: What will your study do similarly?
Line What will you do differently? What is its significance to the field?
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B. Study of the Biodegradability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a
Student C)
In paragraph form….
• discuss your related literature in terms of principal finding and your own
• last paragraph/s answer/s the questions: What will your study do similarly?
Line
What will you do differently? What is its significance to the field?
spacing:
two
(double
spaced)
In paragraph form….
• discuss your related literature in terms of principal finding and your own
• last paragraph/s answer/s the questions: What will your study do similarly?
Line
What will you do differently? What is its significance to the field?
spacing:
two
(double
spaced)
Checked by Student A)
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In paragraph form….
• discuss your related literature in terms of principal finding and your own
• last paragraph/s answer/s the questions: What will your study do similarly?
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bauer, R., Birk, J. & Marks, P. (2007). Introduction to Chemistry: A Chemical Approach.
McGraw Hill
Kržan, Andrej (May 2012). Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers. Retrieved July 1, 2013
f r o m h t t p : / / w w w. i c m p p . r o / s u s t a i n a b l e p l a s t i c s / f i l e s /
Biodegradable_plastics_and_polymers.pdf
No Author (2010, June 8) Biodegradable Plastic Interesting Thing of the Day. Retrieved
from: http://itotd.com/articles/540/biodegradable-plastic
Petrucci, R. & Harwood W. (2000). General Chemistry: 7th Edition. Prentice Hall.
Song, J. H., Murphy, R. J., Narayan, R., & Davies, G. B. (2009). Biodegradable and
rstb.2008.0289
Vaverková, M., Toman, F., Adamcová, D., & Kotovicová, J. (2012). Study of the
347-358. doi:10.2478/v10216-011-0025-8
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