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    Irc 88 1984 PDF

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    Ameen Syed

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    Seort Wilacn Kukpatiach (1) Bam - Igo Nes Feces Cole | ae RC partie L (Swi MEMBERS OF THE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE. 16. "7, 18, 1% 20. 24 Be KK. Sarin Convenor) N, Sivageew (Meniber-Secretars) AK. Arora RT, Awe MLK. Chatteriee D.C. Chaturvedi BLM, Das DF. MP. Dhtr TAE, Dist V.P. Gangal YC. Gokbale LC, Gupia D.Pain NB, Jayawant D.C. tha NUH. Keshvani Dr. S.K, Khanna S.B. Kulkarni PAK. Lucia K.S, Logavinayagam Mahabir Prased HG, Malhorra EMG Mabou: M.R. Mal BIN. Misra LK. Medi (©, Mathachen Director General (Road Development) and Adal. Secretary {0 the Govi. of India, Ministry of Ship- ‘ping & Transport ‘Addl, Director General (Roads), Ministey of Ship- ping & Transport hiet Engineer (Roads), Ministry of Shipping & ‘Transport Secretary 10 the Govt, of Mabarashita (II) PW & H Deptt hier Bpgincer (Retd.), Calcutta ‘Managing itera) (Reid) A: ‘Nagar, Lucknow q Chief Engineer (Roads), Orissa, Bhubaneswar Director, Central Road Research Institute “Chief Engineer, The Concrete Association of India Bombay Superintending Engineer, New Delhi Municipal Commitice Head, Flexible Pavements Division, Central Road Reseateh Institute Engincer-in-Chiet (Retd.), Haryana P.W.D. B&R Chie? Engineer (Reid), 0-21, Ashok Marg, Jaipur Neelkanth, 24, Carter Road, Bandra, Bombay Superintending Engineer (Design), C.D.0. Patna Chief Engineer (Retd.), 797, D NI, Mandic Marg, New Deli 164, Salt Lake, 9 (H.LG.), Indira Secretary, University Grants Commission lumen NatnageeTndian Oil Corporation L18., Chief Engineer-cum-Ho Rajasthan State Housing Board Chief Engineer (Retd.), 181+, S4th Street, Ashok Nagar, Madras Chief Engineer (Retd’); 10/10, Sarojini Naidu Marg, Lucknow Chairman & Managing Director, Engineering Pro= jects (India) Ltd,, New Delhi Secretary to the Govt. of Rajasthan, P.W.D. 3, Panorama, 30, Pali Hill Road, Bombay Member) U.P, Public Service Commission Chairman, Gujarat State Housing Board Engineer-in-Chict (Ret@.), C.P.W.D. Soniangalam, Punalor P.O. Kevala Commissioner, Poomka Be TRC + 88-1984 2B. 30. 3 2, 3 3 38, 3 40, 41. 2. 8 4B, 49. 40: Sts 2 3 Pak Nagar KK, Nambiar TK, Natarajan A.C Padhi Satish Prasad Y.R. Phull Maj. Gen. J.M. Rai Brig, LV Ramakrishna G. Raman Rajinder Singh AR. Rao, TS. Reddy Prof. N, Ranganathan De OS; Sahgal E,p. Thawte N, Sen RAP, Sik L, Shivalingaiah, 48, Sodhi Dr. N.S, Srinivasan G.M. Shootin Prof. C.G. Swaminathan Bet, Unwalla MG. Uppat M.C. Vakil ‘The Director GA. Tatheet) Chict Engineer & Director, Maharashtra Engineer- ing Research Institure Ghiet Engineer (Retd.), Tamil_Nadu, Ramanalaya [i furs Creseont Park Road, Gandhinagar, Ayer, Deputy Director and Head, Soil Mechanies Divi- sion, Contral Road Research Institute ‘Chairman, Orissa Public Service Commission Manager, Indah Oi Corporation Lad, AL Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi Head, Rigid Pavements Division, Central Road: ‘eeseareh Institute Director General Border Roads Dirgetor oF Utilivies, E-in-C's Branch, Army Head- quarters Director (Gil, Engineering), Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi Chief Engineer, Jammy PAW.D., B&R Chairman, hubsnesvar Regional improvement rust Project Co-ordinator, Central Road Research Instiuute Profescory “Traffic and Transportation Planning, School of Planning & Architecture Principal, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh ee Gujarat Engineering Research Institute wincer (Retd,), 12-A, Chittaranjan Park, Sty pal Chief Engificer (Roads), Ministry of Shipping & ‘Transport ‘Administrator, Tungabhadra Projetet Command ‘Area Development Aultority, Munirabid-583233 (Chief Engineer (South), Punjab P.W.D. (B&R), Executive Director, National Transportation Plan ning & Research Cenire, Trivandrum Chief Engineer, Kashmir, P.W.D. B&R Director, Central Road Reseirch Institute (Retd.) Chief Kngineer: (Retd.), 15/9, Rustom Baus; Sant Savia Marg, Byeulla, Bombay-400027 Engineer-in-Chief, Haryana P.W.D. B & R (Retd.), ‘Superintending Engineer, H.P. P-W.De Highways Research Station, Madras IRC 88-1984 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR LIME FLYASH STABILISED SOIL BASE/SUB-BASE IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION Published by THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Jamnagar House, Shahjaban Road, New Defhi-110 O18 1984" Price Rs Bigs MA (Plus packing & postage) IRE ; 88-1984 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR LIME FLYASH STABILISED SOM BASH/SUB-BASE IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION I. INTRODUCTION 1.1, This recommended practice describes a method of stabilisation of soils by utilising flyash with lime to provide a base/sub-base course inthe design of road pavement. Flyash is a waste product available from coal or lignite burning thermal plants, Flyash can be advantageously used not only in. the pave~ ment construction work, but also provides an economic and useful avenue for disposal of fyash, which is now recognised as a national environmental problem. 1.2, Draft of this Recommended Practice was initially prepared by T.K, Natarajan and approved by the Soil Engineering Committee (personnel given below) in their meeting held at Ootty on the 19th September, 1981, KS. Logavinayagain ‘Convenor TK. Natarajan oMember-Secretary) MEMBERS PD. Agarwal K.L. Kapoor Dr. Alam Singh Dr. BAK, Kauit N. Amanullah Prof, BK. Kaul MLR. Balakrishnan Menon AS. Krishnaswaniy Dr, K.L. Bhanov GL. Kumar HS. Brahma HC. Malhotra Prof. S.K. Guthati Dr... Malhotra B.D. Jayaraman PAK. Nagarkar RC. fain SN. Pande Dr. CEG, Justo, LM. Patra ALR, Rao Chiet Engineer (Taining) KR. Saxena CPW. i D. Shimpi ‘The Director. Haryana PWD Research Laboratory The Director Genera) (Road Development) & Addl, 1.. Shivalingaiah Sets. 10 the Govt. of India Dr. 1S. Uppal | Exotica NG. Vakharig HLS, Verma IRE: 88-1984 1.3. The draft was processed and approved. by the Speci- fications and Standards Committee at their meeting held at New Dethi on the 24th May, 1983 subject to certain modifications, which on the authority of the Committee, were carried out by « Working Group consisting of T.K. Natarajan, N. Sivagurn, Dr. BR. Malhotra, S, Natarajan, K, Arunachalam and P, Bhaskaran assisted by P.R. Rao. 2 SCOPE 2.1, Lime-fiyash mixtures ean be used for a wide range of payement systems such as sub-bases and bases for flexible pave- ments and bases for rigid pavements. This Recommended Practice ig intended to provide guidelines for stabilising local soils with lime and flyash for use'as a sub-base in pavement construction, Tis pre-stipposed that the work will be cartied out in accordance with appropriate construction specifications and good site supervi sion will be exercised as regards the quatity of constituent materials and process of construction. 3. THICKNESS DESIGN OF LIME ELYASH SOIL SUB-BASE BASE LAYER ‘The thickness of Jime-flyash-soil layer for ust as sub-base oF ‘ase course in pavement construction should be designed in accor dance with IRC: 37-1984 entitled ‘Guidelines for the design of foxible pavements’. However, the minimum thickness of lime- flyash-soil layer should be 15cm. ‘The sub-base layer constru- cied by using lime-flyash as. the stabilising admixture, though semicrigid in character and behaviour, shall be deemed to he a flexible layer lor purpose. of applying CBR method of design of thickness, 4 MATERIALS | 4.1. Soil Granule soils free Team high coneentiations of organic mnatter o- deleterious. salts and sands with fine silts produce better mixes than fine grained soils with high. clay content which would yequire a high percentage of lime for stabilisation, Clayey silts and low-plasticity clays having PI between 5 and 20 and liquid fimit 2 IRC 81984 ess than 25 are, however, quile suitable. For satisfactory stabilisi tion with lime, itis nevessary for a soil to. possess a certain minimum proportion of clay fraction; since strength of the stabili- sed material is derived Irom the reaction that takes place between lime and clay. particles. ‘The minimum proportion of particles smaller than 425 micron size, should be between 15 and 25 per cent by diy weight ofthe soil jime flyash mixture, Selection of materials and their gradation, as fay ay possible, should be such aswould be conducive to compaction toa high density in the field. #2, The lime-to be used for lime-flyash-soil stabilisation, should be commercial dry lime slaked at site or pre-slaked and delivered to the place of work ina suitable and approved packing, Gene- rally the lime used should have a purity (CaO content) of not le: than 50 per cent when tested in accordance with 1S:1514. Only hydrated high-calcium and monohydrated dolomitic limes ave vised in Lime Flyash Soil Stabilisation. High-calcium-content varieties of lime give higher strengths. especially at low concentra- tions of litne. Quick lime is not recommended tobe used. In exceptional circumstanées, iflime’ with 50 per cent purity fs not conveniently available, the difference niay be accounted for by providing proportionately higher quantity of lime. Since lime deteriorates with storage, the per cent purity must be checked at site before use and the quantity to be added is regulated accordin- sly. Lime when stored, should be kept ina covered place to prevent its carbonation, ie 4,3. Klyash Filyash to be used should conform to 18 : 3812-1981, IPit had been stock-piled for some period before use and had got partially or Wholly set, it should be pulverised and dry sieved before mixing 0 a8 to conform to the following gradation * Sieve size (mun) | Per cent passing 125 100 98 i 95 (minimum) 20 75 (ntinimumn) IRE: 88.1984 Flyashes are pozzolanas with little cementitious value bat in the presence of moisture, react chemically with calcium hydro- oxides at ordinary temperature to form compounds with cementi- tious properties. It should be ensured before use that the fiyash is reactive to lime, It should possess lime reactivity of not less than 35 kg/om®. In addition to the primary reaction between lime and filyash, the lime may also react chemically with the ‘fines’ in the material resulting in base-exchange. flocculationand wparegation of particles. The magnitude of this reaction, apart from the degree of fineness of the clay-component of the material, depends Upon its mineralogical characteristics (viz. predominant clay mineral present and its relative abundance). Flyash should be fine enough to have a specific surfuce area of 3200 em®em ot 320 m2jke. Flyash when stored, should be kept inva covered place sate from moisture. 4.4. Water Water ised for both mixing and curiny should be clean and free from injurious salts and other deletevious matter. Potable water is gerterally considered satisfactory, 5, PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED AND CURED! SOTL-LIME-FLYASH MIXTURE. Following are some of the significant properties of the com= pacted and cured lime flyash-soil mixes which serve as general guidelines inthe design of Lime Flyash Soil stabilised pavement layers : 5.1, Inthe ese of clayey soils, additioh of lime-fyash may result in a decrease of maximum density and optimum moisture Foy silty soils, optimum mositure may increase slightly. 4.2. TPthe soil is well-yraded and it is thoroughly mixed with water, lime and. flyash with adequate compaction, it helps in atlaining a highet compacted density and higher strength, 4 IRC: 88-1984 Strength achieved at 90 per cent Heavy, Compaction density, for example, may be only 60.per cent of that achieved at 100 per cent Heavy Compaction density in some cases, 5.3. Deyelopment of strength of lime-fiyash-soil mix depends on-curing period, moisture and temperature. It is rather slow and takes several years to reach the peak value. The higher the curing temperatiite the greater is the strength development. Strength development is substantially retarded at low (empera- tures say less them 4°C. For the pozzolanie reactions to continue, the compaction moisture content (roughly equal to optimum) must be maintatined in the Jime flyash-soil mixture during the curing Period. In normal practice, a curing period of 28 days under tmolst conditions “should be allowed to the mix to gain a high per- Cetitage of ultimate strength, Sd. The average compressive strength of compacted clay, ‘well Gompacted sand-clay, well-compacted gravel-sand-clay would normally vaty from 1 to 7 Kg/em®, By using lime-flyash-soil admix- ture, the strength has been found to range as under : Clay (idmixed with line fvash and 14t0 34 kgictn® with 28 days of curing period) Silt sdo- 21 to 48 kgfeme Sand do 2110 48 kglem® Gravel do- 2110 90 kgfem* Soils: stabilised. with lime-flyash can give laboratory: soaked CBR values ranging between 40 and 90. The available data Suggest a roughly linedr increase in CBR values of soil lime flyash mixtures when the proportionof (lime--fiyash) is betwens 1O per cent and 30 per cent of the dry weight of the total oi, The range of increase in strength in thrms of CBR values ic however different for different soil types, 6. FACTORS GOVERNING STRENGTH OF CoMPACTED LIME FLYASH-SOIL MIXES: Apart from the physical and chemical properties of the constic ‘uent:materials, the. proportions/of thesé materials in the: mix, the 5 ee TRE 28-1984 extent amd duration of mixing the curing jnoisture temperature and duration the extent of compaction imparted significantly: govern the strength of the compacted mix. 7. MIX DESIGN AND PROPORTIONING TA. ‘The mix with optimum proportion of (line }flyash) to Soil and algo ratio by weisht of lime to flyash should first be deei- ded in the laboratory by trial and error, The same should be adopted in the field. The mix proportion should be designated as: @), the satio oF lime to Ayash, and {b), The proportions of time; Hyash and soil in the {otal mixture expressed in parts by dry weight Thus ifthe ratio: L: FA is 1:4: the designation by paits may be Lime 2 pars Fiyash 12 pars Soil 85 parts Total tem diy wi, basis) joo 7.2. Experience suggests that Vinie-flyash ratios of 1:3 to 14 give optimum strength for various soil lypes suitable for lime-flyash soil stabilisation. Further increase in lime content does not indi- cate @ proportionate increase in strength. Lime plus flyash content ranging between 10and 30 per cent by weight of the total dry mixture has been found to be suitable, Lime flyash requirements, in fact, depend upon the percentage of fines in the total mix. Fine cohesive silts require a higher peréentape of (lime-+flyash) com- pared to well-graded soils. Strength development calls for suf cient matrix material (Fines) to fill the yoids in coarse materials, 7:3. The exact’ proportions of the ingredients viz. lime, flyash and soil, to be adopted at a particular location should be based on the laboratory mix design depending upon the strength requirement. The minimum unconfined compressive strength and CBR values after 28 days curing and 4/days soaking should be 7,5. kgjem® and 25 per cent respectively. In terms of seven days curing and four days soaking, the minimum unconfined compre 6 IRC 88-1984 ssive

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