21/06/2019

Curriculum
Concepts, Nature, Purpose and Types

Activity: My View About

Curriculum
• The class will be divided into smaller
groups.
• Each group will answer a set of
questions.
• The group will brainstorm and discuss
their answer to the questions.
• Responses will then be consolidated to
come up with a group output.
• Group output presentation.

Activity: My View About

Curriculum
Questions
1. What is curriculum?
2. What is its purpose?
3. What is its nature?

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What is Curriculum?
•plan for achieving goals
•dealing with the learner’s
experiences
•a system for dealing with people
•a field of study with its own
foundations, knowledge domains,
research, theory, principles and
specialists.
•a subject matter

Characteristics of Curriculum?
•it includes all the experiences of
children for which the school is
responsible;
•it has content;
•it is a system for dealing with
people;
•it is planned; and
•it is a series of courses to be taken
by the students

Prescriptive vs. Descriptive

Curriculum?
Prescriptive Descriptive
• what ought to • how things are in
happen real classrooms
• an intended program • experience
• expert opinion on
what needs to take
place in the course
of study

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Curriculum and Instruction

•Instruction is an aspect of the
curriculum.
•Instruction is a component of the
planned curriculum and is usually
seen as less important than the
aims, objectives, and content at the
actualized level; when the planned
or written curriculum is actually
delivered, instruction takes on a
new importance.

Curriculum and Instruction

•Curriculum is the total experience
for students and focus on
instruction - how teachers are
teaching.

Types of Curricula
1. Recommended Curriculum
2. Written Curriculum
3. Taught Curriculum
4. Supported Curriculum
5. Assessed Curriculum
6. Learned Curriculum
7. Hidden Curriculum

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Types of curricula in
schools:
1. Recommended Curricula- These are
recommended by the Department of
Education (DepEd) for Higher Education
(CHED) and vocational Education by
TESDA. The recommendation come i8n
the form memoranda or policies,
standards and guidelines.

Another...
2.Written Curriculum- They come in the form
of course of study, syllabi, modules, books
or instructional guides among others.
3.Taught Curriculum- From what has been
written or planned , the curriculum has to
be implemented or taught.

Also.......
4. Supported Curriculum- this described as
support materials that the teacher needs to
make learning and teaching meaningful.
5. Assessed Curriculum- in the process of
teaching and at the end of every teaching
episode an assessment is made.

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There’s more.....
6. Learned curriculum- the positive outcome
of teaching is an indicator of learning.
These are measured by tools in assessment,
which can indicate the cognitive, affective
and the psychomotor outcomes.
7. Hidden/implicit Curriculum- this
curriculum is not deliberately planned, but
has a great impact on the behaviour of the
learner.

Characteristics of a Good
Curriculum
1. The curriculum is continuously
evolving.
2. The curriculum is based on the
needs of the people.
3. The curriculum is democratically
conceived.
4. The curriculum is the result of a
long term effort.

Characteristics of a Good
Curriculum
5. The curriculum is a complex of
details.
6. The curriculum provides for the
logical sequence of subject
matter.
7. The curriculum complements and
cooperates with other programs
of the community.

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Characteristics of a Good
Curriculum
8. The curriculum has educational
quality.
9. The curriculum has
administrative flexibility.

Curriculum and Syllabus

• Syllabus is the content of the school
subjects offered in the school.
• Syllabus is part or subset of the
curriculum.
• Syllabus normally contains what
students will learn in the various
school subjects in a year or for a longer
period of schooling leading to
certification.

Curriculum and Syllabus

•Syllabus is a long term plan of work
for students and normally prepared
by the classroom teachers.

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Curriculum and Scheme of Work

•Scheme of Work is a breakdown of
contents of what students are
expected to learn in a given period.
•Scheme of Work is the systematic
arrangement of subject matter and
activities within a given time period.

Curriculum and Course of Study

•A course of study is an educational
programme leading to the award of
certificate at the end of the
programme for a particular set of
learners.

Curriculum and Lesson Note

•A lesson note is a guide for teachers
to assist them in the orderly
presentation of a lesson to the
learners in order to facilitate
learning.

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Nature of Curriculum in School

1. What educational purpose the
school seek to attain?
(Objectives)
2. What educational experiences
can be provided to attain these
purposes? (Activities, Subject
Matter)

Nature of Curriculum in School

3. How can these educational
experiences be organized
effectively to achieve these
purposes? (Teacher-centered or
child-centered)
4. How can we determine whether or
not the expected objectives have
been achieved? (Assessment)

Importance of Curriculum in Schools

• Curriculum is the very heart of the
school system.
• There can be no school if there is no
curriculum.
• Curriculum is the reason for
existence of the school.

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Approaches to School Curriculum

• Curriculum as a Content or Body of
Knowledge
• Curriculum as a Process
• Curriculum as a Product

Curriculum as a Content
• focus will be the body of knowledge
to be transmitted to the learners
using appropriate teaching method.
• teaching will be limited to the
acquisition of facts, concepts and
principles of the subject matter.

Curriculum as a Content
Ways of presenting the content in the
curriculum:
1. topical approach
2. concept approach
3. thematic approach
4. modular approach

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Curriculum as a Content
Criteria in the selection of content:
1. Significance
2. Validity
3. Utility
4. Learnability
5. Feasibility
6. Interest

Curriculum as a Content
Guide in the selection of the content in
the curriculum:
1. Commonly used in daily life.
2. Appropriate to the maturity levels
and abilities of the learners.
3. Valuable in meeting the needs
and competencies of the future
career.

Curriculum as a Content
Guide in the selection of the content in
the curriculum:
4. Related to other subject fields or
discipline for complementation
and integration.
5. Important in the transfer of
learning to other disciplines.

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Curriculum as a Content
BASIC Guide of Curriculum Content:
B - Balance
A - Articulation
S - Sequence
I - Integration
C - Continuity

Curriculum as a Process
• it is the interaction among the
teachers, learners and content.
• a scheme about the practice of
teaching.
• the process of teaching and learning is
the central concern of teachers to
emphasize critical thinking, thinking
meaning-making and heads-on hands-
on activities.

Curriculum as a Process
• refers to instruction, implementation
and teaching process.
• ways of teaching, strategies,
approaches and pedagogies - PBL,
Hands-on Minds-on, Collaborative
Learning, Blended Curriculum, On
Line, Case-based, etc. (delivery
modes)

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Curriculum as a Process
Guiding principles when curriculum is
approached as a process:
1. Curriculum process in the form of
teaching methods of strategies are
means to achieve the end.
2. There is no single best process or
method.

Curriculum as a Process
Guiding principles when curriculum is
approached as a process:
3. Curriculum process should stimulate
the learner’s desire to develop the
cognitive, affective and psychomotor
domains in each individual.
4. In the choice of methods, learning
and teaching styles should be
considered.

Curriculum as a Process
Guiding principles when curriculum is
approached as a process:
5. Every method or process should
result to learning outcomes
which can be described as
cognitive, affective and
psychomotor.

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Curriculum as a Process
Guiding principles when curriculum is
approached as a process:
6. Flexibility in the use of the process or
methods should be considered. An
effective process will always result to
learning outcomes.
7. Both teaching and learning are the
two important processes in the
implementation of the curriculum.

Curriculum as a Product
• it is what the students desire to
achieve as a learning outcomes.
• a student equipped with the
knowledge, skills and values to function
effectively and efficiently.
• it is expressed in the form of an
outcomes (achieved learning
outcomes).

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