STRESS

ENGR. ESTANISLAO M. PIALAGO JR.

PME
 STRESS

Stress is the force per unit area on a body that

tends to cause it to change shape.

The term stress (S) is used to express the

loading in terms of force applied to a certain
cross-sectional area of an object.

FORCE OR LOAD lb. kg. kN.

S=
AREA in2 m2 m2
 DEFINATION OF TERMS

1. Ultimate Stress, Su = stress that would cause failure

2. Yield Stress, Sy = maximum stress without causing
deformation (within elastic limit)
3. Allowable Stress (or Safe Stress) = Ultimate Stress
(Su) divided by Factor of Safety (FS)
4. Design Stress, Sd = stress used in determining the
size of a member = Su/FS or Sy/FS
5. Working Stress, Sw = stress actually occurring under
operating conditions
6. Endurance Limit or Fatigue Limit, Se = maximum
stress that will not cause failure when the force is
reversed indefinitely
 TYPES OF STRESSES

1. Tensile stress
2. Compressive stress
3. Shear stress
4. Bearing stress
5. Torsional stress
6. Bending stress
7. Angular deformation
 TENSILE STRESS

w/r:
= Tensile stress
F = Force
A = Area
 COMPRESSIVE STRESS

w/r:
= Compressive stress
F = Force
A = Area
 SHEAR STRESS

w/r:
= Shearing stress
F = Force
A = Area
 BEARING STRESS

w/r:
= Bearing stress
F = Force
L = Length
D = Diameter
TORSIONAL STRESS
 BENDING STRESS
(For hollow shaft)

w/r:
C‘= RO =
I = (Do⁴– Di ⁴)
M = moment of inertia
Use + if, for lower side of the shaft
subject to torsion
Use – if, for upper side of the shaft
subject to compression
 STRAIN, ELONGATION

Y
Strain =
L
L

E = Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus)

stress
=
strain Where:
Y = elongation
L = length
FL
Y = A = area
AE S = stress
 ANGULAR DEFORMATION

w/r:
= angular deformation
T = torque
L = Length
G = Shear modulus of elasticity J=
J = Polar moment of inertia
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

A solid cylindrical shaft 48.2 cm long is need for a

transmission of mechanical power at a rate of 37 kW
running at1760 rpm. The shearing stress is 8.13 MPa.
Calculate the diameter of the shaft.

Given:
L = 48.2 cm
P = 37 kW
N = 1760 rpm
Ss = 8.13 Mpa

Required:
D=?
 
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

Solution:

From the formula of Shearing Stress of Solid Shaft;

Ss = 16T / D3

Solving for Torque, T:

P = 2TN
Substitute:
37 = 2T (1760/60)
T = 0.2 kN-m

Then, substitute to the shearing stress formula;

8130 = 16 (0.2) / D3
D = 50 mm
 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

A motor delivers 50 HP at 120 rpm to a shafting 1.5 inches diameter and 3

 feet long. Compute the maximum shearing stress produced by torsion and
the total angle of twist in the shaft. G = 12 x 106 psi.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

A steel shaft 3 ft long that has a diameter of 4 in is

subjected to a torque of 15 kip·ft. Determine the
maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist. Use G
= 12 × 106 psi.
 
=