CONTENTS

 What is Physics?
 What is Biology?
 Natural Biology
 Basic Biology
 Biology and Physics Work Together
 Applications of Biophysics in Ecosystem
 CONTENTS
 Homeostasis Law of Thermodynamics
 Excitable membrane
 Movement of organisms
 Sound production
 Gravity
 Medical
WHAT IS PHYSICS?

Physics is the study of

energy and matter and
how the two interact
through time and space.
WHAT IS BIOLOGY?

“Biology is the study of

life and organisms”.

“Bio” means life and

“logy” means study.
 NATURAL SCIENCE
Origin, evolution, function,
structure and distribution of living
organisms. Classification of
organisms, an organism’s ability to
regulate its internal environment.
 Biology + Physics
Working Together
Physics provides the basis for biology.
Without space, matter, energy and
time components that make up the
universe living organisms would not
exist.
 EXAMPLE
 Physics helps explain how bats use
sound waves to navigate in the dark
 How wings give insects the ability to
move through the air.
 In some cases, biology helps prove
physical laws and theories.
 Feynman states that biology helped
scientists come up with the law of
conservation of energy.
 IN ECOSYSTEM
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy is neither
created or destroyed but can be transformed from one state to
another state.
Energy of sunlight can be converted into energy of food and heat.
 IN ECOSYSTEM
Contd…
 According to the second law, no transfer of energy
occurs unless and until it is accompanied by
degradation or dissipation of energy from concentrated
to dispersed form.
 So, the transfer of energy from one organism to
another is accompanied by degradation and loss of
major part of food energy as heat.
 This is the reason that energy flow in ecosystem follows
10% law.
HOMEOSTASIS & THE 1ST LAW OF THEMODYNAMICS

Metabolism converts foods

potential energy to both work and
heat energy, which are needed to
maintain a proper body
temperature and to do physical
activities.
 EXCITABLE MEMBRANES
 Signal-mediating cells of the nervous system called
neurons are special, in that they are able to send signals
to one another with velocities.
 Resting potential
 Driving forces due to the
electric field and the
concentration gradient and
mutually opposed,
there will be equilibrium.
 MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS

Movement in Bacteria
 For small sizes of single cellular organisms
such as bacteria it is very difficult to move
as compared to the cases of swimming fish
and humans.
 In this case viscosity plays a dominant role.
So, this results in evolution of bacteria in
flagella.
 SOUND PRODUCTION
 Human voice is produced in the
larynx, which is a part of the
throat.
 When air from our lungs passes
through the tightened cords, a
vibration is produced.
 This vibration produces vocal
sounds.
 X-rays
 Fluoroscopy
 Mammography
 Ultrasound
 Lasers
 Nuclear Medicine
 MRI
 Many Other Applications
 X-RAYS
 X-Rays use high frequency electromagnetic
waves to pass through muscle and tissue to
generate 3D images of the body and if
they’re passed through an x-ray detector
outside of the body they can also detect
shadows that indicate abnormalities.
 X-rays are best used to detect
abnormalities like bone fractures, tumors
and other abnormal masses, pneumonia,
calcifications, foreign objects, and dental
problems.
 FLOUROSCOPY and MRI
Fluoroscopy is a study of moving body structures--similar to
an X-ray "movie." A continuous X-ray beam is passed through
the body part being examined. The beam is transmitted to a
TV-like monitor so that the body part and its motion can be
seen in detail.

MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)

MRI is a test uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio
wave energy to make pictures of organism and structure
inside the body.
 ULTRASOUND and MAMOGRAPHY

Medical sonography (ultrasonography) is an ultrasound-

based diagnostic medical imaging technique used to
visualize muscles, tendons, and many internal organs, to
capture their size, structure and any pathological lesions
with real time tomographic images.

Mammography is an X-ray picture of the cancer cells. It can

be used to check for breast cancer in women who have no
sign of the diseases.
 LASER

Laser is high frequency beam of light

no of waves per unit area per unit time

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
It uses gamma-emitting radiotracers for single-
photon emission tomography, or SPECT scans.
 SPECT SCANS
Use a gamma camera to record images at a series of angles around the
patient, then reconstruct them to produce 3D cross-sectioned images of
organs and how they’re functioning in the body.

 Areas of your brain are more or less active.

 Detect brain disorders (dementia, clogged
blood vessels head injuries).
 Detecting heart problems (clogged arteries
and reduced pumping efficiency).
 Bone disorders (hidden fractures or tumors).
 REFRENCES
 Athene Donalds Friday 17,august 2012
 Muskegon Community College: What it Biology?
 Norwegian University of Science and Technology: What is Physics?
 California Institute of Technology: The Feynman Lectures on
Physics, Volume I, Atoms in Motion
 Physics.org: Keep Your Ears Peeled
 Royal Society Publishing: Biology and Physics of Locust Flight. I,
Basic Principles in Insect Flight, A Critical Review