Part A Research Plan

Outline
Domestic violence is an abusive behavior of one or both partners involved in an intimate
relationship. Abuse can be directed to one of the partners or offspring. This includes wife / husband
abuse, child abuse, and other abuses designed to harm family members. In addition, harassment is
repeated behavior or harassment, which involves creating undesirable attention or unnecessary
contact with a person to create fear or harm. These threats can be perpetrated directly or indirectly.
Many cases of domestic violence have been directed against women and children. Because of the
significant challenges, effects and social problems associated with domestic violence and
harassment, it is important that steps be taken to deal with them in an objective manner. However,
it is essential that perpetrators of domestic violence be held accountable for any violent behavior.
Resources
To conduct this research, secondary resources will be used. A lot of researchers have shed light
upon domestic violence as a lot of cases has been registered. There will be a lot of material
available which can be used to undertake this research.
Timeline
The proposed timeline for this research is one week. After this it will be discussed with a legal
practitioner and then two to three days to made necessary changes in report and submit the final
draft.
Sources
This research has been undertaken using data from secondary sources. For the purpose of this
research, the sources used are as follow:

 Australian Bureau of Statistics

Australian Institute of Criminology

Part B
Executive Summary
Domestic violence is a multi-faceted problem that requires dynamic mitigation strategies by
society, government, families and individuals. The importance of the problem is that its escalation
and devastating effects not only reduce the quality of life, but also cause physical damage,
emotional and psychological torture, and even death. Negatively, the national valence is
increasing, a crime committed in areas where one should feel safer. According to UNICEF (2000),
the problem of domestic violence is a major problem in society as the main victims, women and
children, suffer "in places where they should be safer: within their family ... in their hands
"Domestic violence is therefore a real problem that can be compared to" a regime of terror and
violence "and which has serious consequences for family and social relations.

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Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Domestic Violence (Definition)...................................................................................... 4
1.2 Aim of the Study ............................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Authorization .................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Sources............................................................................................................................. 5
2 Findings .................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Risk Factors for Domestic Violence .............................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Alcohol and drug use .............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Child abuse .............................................................................................................. 6
2.1.3 Pregnancy and separation ...................................................................................... 7
2.1.4 Attitudes to violence against women ..................................................................... 7
2.2 Groups at Risk ................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Younger women ...................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Women living in rural and remote areas .............................................................. 8
2.2.3 Indigenous women .................................................................................................. 8
2.2.4 Women with disability ............................................................................................ 9
2.3 Domestic Violence (Impact)........................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Homicide .................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 Homelessness ......................................................................................................... 10
3 Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 11
4 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 13
4.1 Engaging men and boys ............................................................................................... 13
4.2 Violence prevention education for children and young people ................................ 14
4.3 Safe at home programs ................................................................................................ 14
5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 15

3
1 Introduction
Each culture has its sayings and songs about the importance of the house, comfort and security
that reigns there. However, for many women, the home is a place of suffering and humiliation.
Violence against women by their male partners is a common, widespread and far-reaching
phenomenon. For a long time hidden behind closed doors and avoided in public speeches, this
violence can no longer be denied daily in the lives of millions of women (C García-Moreno, H
Jansen, M Ellsberg, L Heise and C Watts, 2011).

1.1 Domestic Violence (Definition)

There has been much debate about the most appropriate terminology to use when it comes to
spousal / partner violence. Objections were raised both in "domestic violence" and in "domestic
violence" (the most commonly used terms), as well as in the use of terms as "victims" of domestic
violence. This note generally uses the term "domestic violence" and refers to "victims" of domestic
violence, since it is the most widely used and best understood solution. The broader term "family
violence" refers to Aboriginal peoples, as it is the preferred term in many Aboriginal communities
(B Fehlberg and J Behrens,2008). Domestic violence refers to acts of violence that occur between
people who have or have had an intimate relationship in a domestic environment. These acts
include physical, sexual, emotional and psychological abuse (A Morgan and H Chadwick,2010).

Domestic violence includes:

• emotional abuse— blame the victim for all the problems of the relationship, undermine their self-
esteem and self-esteem through comparisons with others, withdraw their interest and commitment
and make emotional blackmail

• verbal abuse— Private and public oath and humiliation, centered on intelligence, sexuality, body
image or the capacity of the victim as a father or wife.

• social abuse— Systematic isolation of family and friends, promoting and controlling transfers to
a place where the victim does not have a social circle or job opportunity and prevents the victim
from going out to meet with people

• economic abuse— control all the money, prohibit access to bank accounts, provide an inadequate
"assignment", prevent the victim from seeking or keeping a job and collect the victim's salary

4
• psychological abuse— threats of custody of children, claim that the justice system will not
believe or support the victim, destroy any property, abuse domestic animals and lead dangerously

• spiritual abuse— Denial and / or abuse of religious beliefs or practices to force victims into
subordinate roles and abuse of religious or spiritual traditions to justify physical abuse or other
abuses.

1.2 Aim of the Study

• Explore the effects of domestic violence and its mitigation, as well as intervention strategies that
authorities and other stakeholders can apply to address domestic violence.

• Establish the role of public education in reducing the causes and effects of domestic violence.

• Determine the role that doctors, and therapists can play in providing psychological support to
victims of domestic violence.

1.3 Authorization
• Domestic violence is a global problem of significant savings that causes psychological, physical
and emotional suffering to victims, if not treated effectively.

• Efforts have been made to eliminate the national valence and its effects, although some initiatives
have been less productive.

• Awareness of issues related to domestic violence can help victims know their rights and reduce
the level of the problem.

1.4 Sources
This research has been undertaken using data from secondary sources. For the purpose of this
research, the sources used are as follow:

 Australian Bureau of Statistics

 Australian Institute of Criminology

2 Findings
2.1 Risk Factors for Domestic Violence
While there is no single cause for domestic violence, there are several risk factors associated with
perpetrators and victims of domestic violence. For example, the authors' consumption of alcohol

5
and drugs and the experience of child abuse, pregnancy and separation of children may increase
the risk of domestic violence. Financial stress, personal stress and lack of social support are also
important correlates of violence against women. However, more research is needed to determine
whether these factors are primarily causes or consequences of violence against women.

2.1.1 Alcohol and drug use

The researchers adapted a logistic regression model to the IVAWS data and found that the main
risk factors for current physical violence against the intimate partner were associated with the
behavior of the couple: patterns of consumption, level of aggression and control behaviors.
Alcohol is an important risk factor for domestic violence, particularly in Aboriginal communities.
A longitudinal analysis of the density of alcohol outings revealed a relationship between alcohol
availability and domestic violence. The stores of alcoholic beverages that sold alcohol for external
consumption were particularly involved. The SBS found that 49% of women who had been
assaulted in the past 12 months and that the perpetrator was a man reported that alcohol or drugs
contributed to the last incident. The statistics and investigations of the New South Wales Offenses
Bureau revealed that 41% of all family-related assaults reported to the police between 2001 and
2010 were alcohol-related. However, this percentage ranged from 35% in Sydney to 62% in Far
Western NSW (Mouzos and Makkai).

2.1.2 Child abuse

The results of the IVAWS and ABS surveys indicate that there is a link between the experience of
child abuse and later victimization in adulthood. The IVAWS found that abused women in their
childhood were one and a half times more likely to experience violence in adulthood than those
who had not been in childhood. Data from the 2005 SBS Personal Security Survey indicate that
men and women who were abused by children under 15 were more likely to experience spousal
violence as adults (from 15 years old). years) than those who had not been victimized. Those who
experienced physical abuse as children were twice as likely to experience partner violence as those
who were not physically assaulted. Victims of child sexual abuse were three times more likely to
report marital abuse than those who were not sexually abused as children. An analysis of the 1996
SBS Women's Safety Survey found that a history of violent victimization, whether child or adult,
predicts future victimization (M Livingston 2011).

6
2.1.3 Pregnancy and separation
Pregnancy and separation can be moments of vulnerability to domestic violence. Among female
victims of dating violence since the age of 15, about 36% reported being abused by a previous
partner during their pregnancy; 18% were victims of domestic violence for the first time during
their pregnancy. About 15% reported experiencing violence from a current partner during their
pregnancy; Eight percent for the first time. An analysis of the 1996 SBS Women's Safety Survey
found that separated women were more likely than married women to be victims of violence. These
results reflect the stressful nature of the separation itself. Violence may follow separation or the
decision to separate is due to violence in the relationship. Studies from abroad indicate that leaving
a violent partner can increase the risk of more serious or even deadly violence. (J Campbell, D
Webster, et al,2003).

2.1.4 Attitudes to violence against women

Attitudes and beliefs are also fundamental to domestic violence. They influence its prevalence and
impact and determine community responses and victim-seeking behaviors. Community Attitudes
Towards Violence Against Women 2009. Comparing the results of this survey with data from a
previous study conducted for the Office for the Status of Women in 1995 reveals some positive
changes in 'attitude (I Barrett Meyering,2011).

2.2 Groups at Risk

2.2.1 Younger women
The White Ribbon Foundation identifies gender roles and relationships as a key factor in the
vulnerability of young women to violence in their relationships; lack of experience, age differences
in relationships and lack of access to services exacerbate the problem. It should also be kept in
mind that, although young women are vulnerable to violence in their relationships and are more
likely to be victims of violence, older adults are victims of violence; Violence perpetrated by young
women, generally against young women, is increasing (M Flood and L Fergus,2011).

ABS and IVAWS statistics indicate that younger women are more likely to have recently been
victims of physical and sexual violence than older women. The 2005 Personal Security Survey
found that 12% (117,000) of women aged 18 to 24 had experienced at least one incident of violence

7
in the last 12 months. Recent experiences of violence decreased with age to reach 2% (42,100) of
women over 55 years of age. See the table below for more details (D Indermaur,2011).

Women experiencing Violence

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 and above

Women experiencing Violence

2.2.2 Women living in rural and remote areas

There is some evidence that women living in rural and remote areas are more likely to experience
domestic violence, but the situation is far from clear. Domestic violence may be less likely to
spread in rural and remote areas because of the ideology of self-reliance, informal sanctions and
social control. men's work, more patterns of alcohol use, as risk factors for rural and remote areas.
In a study of domestic assault reported to police in New South Wales, from 2001 to 2010, 19 of
the top 20 New South Wales local government areas for aggression were in rural or regional
government areas (LGAs) (K Carrington,2007). The five largest LGAs were all remote (Bourke,
Walgett, Plains of More, Coonamble, and Wentworth). An analysis of the literature prepared in
2000 concluded that, when comparable data existed, they indicated that the incidence of domestic
violence reported was higher in rural areas. and remote communities that, in metropolitan
environments, have the highest rates.

2.2.3 Indigenous women

"Domestic violence" is the preferred term in many Aboriginal communities, encompassing all
forms of violence in intimate relationships, family relationships and other types of mutual

8
obligation and support. Aboriginal family violence may differ from the stereotypical image of a
passive victim who is beaten behind closed doors. It is often done in public and can involve many
people. Aboriginal women may be more likely to defend themselves when faced with violence
than non-Aboriginal women (H Blagg, 2002). The availability of statistics and research on the scope
and nature of family violence in Aboriginal communities presents significant gaps. Available
information suggests that indigenous peoples are victims of violence, including family violence,
at significantly higher rates than other Australians. A high proportion of violent victimization is
not revealed to the police and non-disclosure rates are higher in the communities. native to non-
Aboriginal people (M Willis,2011).

2.2.4 Women with disability

The extent of violence against people with disabilities is unknown. However, there is evidence that
women with disabilities are more likely than non-disabled women to experience domestic
violence. Women with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to physical, sexual and psychological
violence because of their social and cultural disadvantage and their greater dependence. Poverty,
low levels of education and low employment rates perpetuate power imbalances that allow
domestic violence to flourish. Some forms of abuse are unique to people with disabilities, such as
removing an accessibility device, not taking medication and threatening institutionalization.
Adults with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are particularly at risk of sexual assault and
exploitation. When the perpetrator is the main race, individuals suffer from neglect, isolation and
extreme vulnerability to violence; It may be impossible for them to get help. As a general indicator,
SBS data indicate that the experience of physical abuse or threats of violence in the last 12 months
was more common among young people aged 18 to 64 years with activity restriction. (18%) or a
restriction in education / employment only (19%), compared to those who do not have a disability
or who have a long-term health problem (10%) (L Healy, K Howe, C Humphreys, et al,2011).

2.3 Domestic Violence (Impact)

2.3.1 Homicide
Domestic violence can lead to homicide. Through the National Homicide Monitoring Program
(NHMP), the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) monitors trends and trends in homicides
in all Australian jurisdictions. Circumstances of the incident. Of the 260 homicides recorded in
2007-2008, the majority (52%) were conjugal homicides involving one or more victims who

9
shared a family or domestic relationship with the offender. Thirty-one percent were intimate
partner homicides. 55% of victims of female homicides were killed by an intimate partner,
compared to 11% of men. Aboriginal peoples were overrepresented in intimate partner homicides;
Of the victims, one in 20 (20%) and almost one in four (24%). Most of the homicides in Australia
in 2007-2008 occurred in one place of residence (70%), most often in the home of the victim
(53%). A large proportion of homicides in the home occurred in residential areas (84%). Therefore,
the most likely scenario for the murder of an Australian woman is at home in the hands of an
intimate partner (M Virueda and J Payne,2011).

2.3.2 Homelessness
Domestic violence is one of the typical homeless routes for Australian women. The definition of
homeless people used in the Supported Housing Assistance Program (SAAP), Australia's main
government program for people Homeless, recognizes the security of an individual's home or
family. The determinant of homelessness, as well as other factors, such as the fact that housing
harms a person's health, is affordable and offers enough level of comfort. The homeless population
due to domestic and family violence is increasingly becoming a complex group with multiple
needs, due to substance abuse, substance abuse, mental health problems and disability (M Virueda
and J Payne,2008). The main reason why the people presented in SAAP is domestic or family
violence, represents 22% of the support periods. Women with children, domestic or family
violence accounted for 48% of the cases. Periods of support SAAP. See the table below for more
details.

10
 Women main reason for seeking assistance

2% 7% Domestic/Family Violence
10%
Accomodation
Other Personal Reasons
47%
17% Financial
Health
Other
17%

3 Analysis
Government responses to domestic violence take different forms: prevention programs, support
for victims / survivors and their families, and law enforcement. Every Australian territory has a set
of laws, programs and policies that respond to and try to prevent domestic violence. Each
jurisdiction funds its own programs and systems, but there are also Australian government-funded
programs that are active in the states and territories, including child care homes, safe houses, and
emergency shelters. North territory. However, most programs and services aimed at preventing
domestic violence and assisting victims / survivors are administered by the states and territories
through their community services / health services and their health departments, so the Attorney
General and other agencies (K Ellis,2011).

Starting with the women's movement that sought refuge in the 1970s, the federal, state and
territorial governments of Australia have implemented a policy to combat violence against women
since the 1980s. The National Women's Program of the Labor Government of Hawke pointed to
an "Australia free of domestic violence." The National Committee of the Hawke / Keating
Government to Combat Violence against Women met for three years beginning in March 1990
and presented the National Strategy to Combat Violence against Women. Violence against women
The Hawke / Keating government also made an international contribution in recognizing that

11
violence against women is a violation of human rights. In 1993, the General Assembly of the
United Nations unanimously approved the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against
Women. A year after taking office in 1996, the John Howard coalition government convened the
National Summit on Domestic Violence, which culminated in the initiative of the Association
Against Domestic Violence (PADV). PADV was the coalition government's response to domestic
violence until it was replaced by the women's security agenda in July 2005. In May 2008, the
Australian government created the National Council to Reduce Violence Against Women. Women
and their children (the National Council). Measures to reduce the incidence and impact of violence
against women and their children. In an information document, the National Council concluded
that it was possible to strengthen cooperation and collaboration between the Australian
Government and the States and Territories to develop a unified national approach to one of the
most pressing social problems in Australia. The main challenges identified are:

• present systems to deal with domestic violence are scrappy

• gaps amid policy intent and implementation

• failure to invest in primary prevention

• inadequate funds of services

• responses are not tailor-made and accessible

• absence of evidence regarding what works in prevention, services, legal responses and early
intervention and

• infrequent monitoring and reporting.

The National Council's action plan defined a framework for social change and proposed radical
changes between 2009 and 2021. The Australian government issued its response to the National
Council's report in April 2009 and announced that it would immediately invest $ 42 million in
recommendations. These include the creation of a new national online and telephone counseling
service "1800 RESPECT" for Australians who are victims or at risk of physical or sexual violence,
and the implementation of "Respectful Relationships" programs in the United States. Schools and
other youth settings, the development of the social marketing campaign "The Line" aimed at young
people and parents, research on the treatment of authors and greater harmonization of national,

12
regional and national laws. Later, in 2009, the Council of Governments of Australia (COAG)
approved the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children. The national
plan will be implemented through a series of four three-year action plans. The first action plan,
"Building a solid foundation" for the years 2010 to 2013, is published in the national plan. It
addresses six national results:

• communities are safe and free from violence

• relationships are respectful

• Indigenous communities are strengthened

• services meet the needs of women and their children experiencing violence

• justice responses are effective and

• perpetrators stop their violence and are held to account

In 2011, the Australian government committed to developing primary care projects, a national
registry of domestic and family violence orders, funds to combat alcohol and drug abuse in
Aboriginal communities, and a project Family Violence Program. child support in the personal
services portfolio.

4 Recommendations
Prevention has become a central objective of community and government efforts to address
violence in relationships and families. As part of the prevention of violence against women,
VicHealth has identified three interrelated issues: the promotion of relationships of equality and
respect between men and women; promote nonviolent social norms and reduce the effects of prior
exposure to violence (especially in children) and improve access to resources and support systems.
Many emerging programs for the prevention of domestic violence focus on one or more of these
topics.

4.1 Engaging men and boys

While men have long been involved in public action against male violence, the White Ribbon
Campaign has become a global, men-led movement to end men's violence against women.;

13
Although men have long been considered authors, they are now also considered as "partners" in
prevention.

This approach is based on the premise that men can play a positive role in the fight against violence
against women and is since most men are not violent. Some advocate a role for men in the
education of other men. When working to prevent violence. With an audience composed
exclusively of men, there are several good reasons to use men as facilitators and partners educators

4.2 Violence prevention education for children and young people

Establishing respectful relationships between children and youth is an obvious reason. Many
children and young people are exposed to violence in relationships and families and are influenced
by this violence. The attitudes, norms and relationships that lead to violence are already visible
among young people. Respectful relationship Education can prevent violence and reduce harm.
Early intervention with children and young people can have a lasting effect on their relationships
in the future. Australian researchers have published best practice guides on the prevention of
violence and sexual abuse through education, highlighting the importance of a coherent conceptual
framework; relevant, inclusive and culturally sensitive practice; comprehensive development and
delivery and effective evaluation.

4.3 Safe at home programs

Home safety programs are a relatively new model that is part of an integrated multi-agency
approach. This model assumes that perpetrators of violence should be held accountable for their
actions and withdrawn from the family home, thus allowing women and children to stay. All
Australian jurisdictions now have laws that establish exclusion orders as a prerequisite for
domestic violence, allowing the person seeking protection against domestic violence to remain in
the family home, while the perpetrator must seek other accommodation. When women are helped
to stay at home and in their communities, they can better maintain social support networks,
employment and education opportunities and the stable care of their children, who support them.
your recovery Home safety programs are not suitable for women and children at extreme risk of
violence from their partner or family member. For those who can stay at home, risk management
options that use a multi-agency integrated response to family violence are essential.

14
5 Conclusion
Domestic violence is a complex and long-standing social problem. However, since the 1990s, the
public has been profoundly transformed by this problem. Domestic violence is no longer beyond
the reach of governments or under the authority of communities. The movement towards integrated
responses from multiple agencies and coordination between levels of government is positive. A
broader evidence base is needed, in terms of what works in the prevention of violence, so that more
progress is made.

15
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17
Part C

Audio Discussion

A lot of researchers have investigated that most of the victims of domestic violence do not
contact police Many domestic violence incidents are not reported to the police. Victimization
surveys indicate that only 25% of incidents of domestic violence are reported to the police
(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996). In addition, many domestic violence incidents to which
police respond are not notified by the victim but by the victim’s family, friends and neighbors.
You can recommend a solution to this issue in your report. The rest of the report is fine.

Role of Police to control Domestic Violence

Researchers have found that most women who met the police wanted advice and/or
information about their short-term and long-term needs (Hoyle, 1998; Brownlee, 1990). They
wanted someone who would listen to them and talk to them about their problems. However,
police do not feel comfortable or adequately trained to provide this service, frequently stating
that they are not ‘social workers. A second requirement of these women is that police do not
insist on acting if the women do not feel this is the best course of action, or they feel they are
unprepared to follow through with this (Hoyle, 1998). Ford (1991) argued that these women
are manipulating the criminal justice system to obtain their desired outcomes. He suggested
that women file and then drop charges, as a “rational power strategy” rather than using the
traditional police response. This threat of intervention by the criminal justice system has the
potential to empower victims by providing the possibility of criminal sanctions to prevent
further abuse. McGillivrary (1987) also indicated that women employ various strategies to gain
the protection of the state while not wanting to end their relationships. They want to utilize the
criminal justice process as a stabilizing factor in unstable and violent relationships. When
managing violence in their lives, victims have different needs from, and expectations of, the
criminal justice system. Frequently, the police are the first and only agency that women
contact. It is important that victims, regardless of their needs and the outcome of the criminal
justice intervention, perceive the police as responsive to their situation. Women need to be able
to use the criminal justice system as a resource to help them manage the violence in their lives.

18