TYPES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIES

Dies can be classified according to a variety of elements and in keeping with the diversity of
die designs. We will primarily talk about die classifications depending on the product
quantities of stamping pieces (whether high, medium or low) and the number of stations.
In choosing there, we are not trying to downplay or ignore other classifications such as the
number of operations, manufacturing processes, or guide methods.

1) Die classification depending on the production quality of parts

Depending on the production quality of pieces - High, medium, or low – stamping dies can
be classified as follows:
Class A. These dies are used for high production only. The best of materials are used. All
easily worn items or delicate sections are carefully designed for easy replacement. A
combination of long die life, constant accuracy throughout the die life, and ease in
maintenance are prime considerations, regardless of tool cost.
Class B. These dies are applicable to medium production quantities and are designed to
produce the designated quantity only. Die cost as related to total production becomes an
important consideration. Cheaper materials may be used, provided they are capable of
producing the full quantity. Less consideration is given to the problem of ease of
maintenance.
Class C. These dies represent the cheapest usable tools that can be built. They are suitable
for low-volume production of parts.

1.1) Die classification according to the number of stations

According to the number of stations, stamping dies may be classified as:
 Single-station dies
 Multiple-station dies

A) Single-Station Dies
Single-station dies may be either compound dies or combination dies.
Compound die. A die in which two or more cutting operations are accomplished to produce
a part at every press stroke is called a compound die.
Combination die. A die in which both cutting and noncutting operation are accomplished
to produce a part at one stroke of the press is called a combination die.

B) Multiple-Station Dies
Multiple station dies are arranged so that a series of sequential operation is accomplished
with each press stroke. Two die types are used:
 Progressive dies
 Transfer dies

Progressive die. A progressive die is used to transform coil stock or strips into a completed
part. This transformation is performed incrementally, or progressively, by a series of
stations that cut, form, and coin the material into the desired shape. The components that
perform operations on the material are unique for every part. These components are
located and guided in precision cut openings in plates, which are in turn located and guided
by pins.
The entire die is actuated by a mechanical press that moves the die up and down. The press
is also responsible for feeding the material through the die, progressing it from one station
to the next with each stroke.

Transfer die. In transfer die operations, individual stock blanks are mechanically moved
from die station to die station within a single die set. Large workpieces are done with
tandem press lines where the stock is moved from press to press at which specific
operations are performed.

2) Types of dies
There are 20 types of dies, and each is distinct and different from all the other types.
However, as you study the descriptions to follow, observe how the element are applied and
reapplied with suitable modifications to adapt them for each particular job to be performed.

2.1) Blanking dies

A blanking die produces a blank by
cutting the entire periphery in one
simultaneous operation. Three
advantages are realized when a part is
blanked.
a) Accuracy. The edges of blanked
parts are accurate in relation to
each other.
b) Appearance. The burnished
edge of each blank extends
around its entire periphery on
the same side.
c) Flatness. Blanked parts are flat
because of the even
compression of material
between punch and die cutting
edges.
The inset at A shows a material strip
ready to be run through a blanking die.
At B is shown the top view of the die
with punches removed. The section
view at C shows the die in open position
with the upper punch raised to allow
advance of the strip against the
automatic stop. At D, the die is shown
closed with a blank pushed out of the
strip. Blanking dies may produce plain
blanks as shown in inset E, but more
frequently holes are pierced at one
station and the part is then blanked out
at the second station. Such dies are
called “pierce and blank” dies.
2.2) Cut-off dies
The basic operation of a cut-off die consists of se