DESIGN IV MACHINERY SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE
ENGINEERING

Calculation and
Specification of Bilge
System
__Doc. No. 02 - 42 19 AB023 - BG

Prepared by Approved by
Rev. Date Remark Ir. Alam
Afanda Dwi Ragil R.
Baheramsyah, M.Sc.
 DESIGN IV MACHINERY SYSTEM
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE
ENGINEERING

ATTACHMENT
Calculation and
Specification of Bilge
System
Attachment of Doc. No. 02 - 42 19 AB023 - BG
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I. INTRODUCTION
Bilge system is a drainage system on a ship in the event of
flooding that caused by ship collision or grounding. This system
is arranged by bilge well, bilge suction (with non-returned
valve), bilge pipes, bilge valves, bilge discharge (with non-
returned valve or reverse flow protection) and bilge pump.

The bilge suctions of the bilge system are located in the fore
peak tank (if it is not used for ballast water tank), cargo holds
(unless tanker), bow thruster room, cofferdam, pump room,
void, engine room, and steering gear room.

The bilge pumping system must be capable of keeping the

adjacent compartment dry. The components of a bilge pumping
system will depend on the size of the vessel. The standard
components are:
a. Valve
b. Pipes
c. Pump
d. Strainer
e. Pump level alarm
f. Bilge well

II. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this document are:
a) To calculate the bilge system pipe
b) To calculate the pump of the bilge system

III. REFERENCES
a) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Part 4, Chapter 6, Section 4
b) Pompa dan Kompresor, Sularso-Haruo, 2000, Chapter 2
c) Marine Engineering, Roy L. Harrington, 1971, Chapter XVIII - Piping System

IV. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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d : calculated inside diameter of main bilge pipe [mm]
length between perpendiculars at the extremities of the
L : deepest subdivision load line, in metres, for passenger
ships [m]
B : greates moulded breadth of ship [m]
D : Depth to bulkhead or freeboard deck [m]
dB : inside diameter of branch [mm]
b
c : length of compartment [m]

V. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The bilge system serves the machinery spaces, cargo holds,

cofferdams, voids, bow thruster room, steering gear room and
pump room. Each space has its own piping but the pump is
likely to be shared.

The bilge system is arranged to drain any watertight

compartment other than ballast, oil or water tanks and to
discharge the content to overboard. The number of pumps and
their capacity depend on the size, type and service of the
vessel. All bilge suctions must be fitted with suitable strainers,
which in the machinery space would be mud boxes positioned at
floorplate level for easy access.

The emergency bilge suction or bilge injection valve is used to

prevent flooding of the ship. It is a direct suction from the
machinery space bilge which is connected to the largest
capacity pump. An emergency bilge pump is required for
passenger ships but may also be fitted as an extra equipment
on cargo ships. It must be a completely independent unit
capable of operating even if submerged. Bilge and ballast
systems are interconnected so that each can perform the
other's function in an emergency. For example a ballast pump
could be used to pump out a flooded engine room. They are
connected by means of a crossover valve.

The components of bilge system are explained below:

1. Centrifugal Pump
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The function is used to move the fluid from seachest box
to all of the water ballast tank. A centrifugal pump is a
rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to
increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal
pumps are the most common type of pump used to move
liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the
pump impeller along a near to the rotating axis and is
accelerated are typically used for large discharge through
smaller heads.

Gambar 1. Pompa Sentrifugal

2. Non-Returned Valve
The function is used for a high pressure and the direction
of flow to be one direction only. It prevents the flow
returned back. It has same function with globe valve,
working in very high pressure and just has one-way
direction. Usually this valve is used after the pump and
another lines that the fluids must not back through the
same line or just one-way direction.
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Gambar 2. Pompa Sentrifugal

3. Butterfly Valve
The butterfly valve is used to open and close the flow in
the pipe after branching or before the pump and after
strainer in seachest. A butterfly valve is a valve which can
be used for isolating or regulating flow. The closing
mechanism takes the form of a disk, which allows for
quick shut off.

Butterfly valve are generally favored because they are

cheaper in cost and the valve designs as well as being
lighter in weight, for low working pressure. In this system,
butterfly valve used in order before the pump, and as a
connecting to another equipment to make a standby
function.

Gambar 3. Butterfly Valve

4. Gate Valve
The function is used to open and close or stop the flow in
the pipe. Gate valve is a type of valve that is used to
open the flow by lifting the lid gates that are round or
rectangular. Gate valve has a function to open and close
the flow. The position of the gate valve must be fully open
or fully closed.
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Gambar 4. Gate Valve

5. Strainer
The function of strainer is used to strain the fluid that will
go into the pump from dirty seawater. Using strainer in
order to trap the solid impurities flowing in the system.
Normally if the strainer use for sea water, it has more
number of strainer needed than if it use for fresh water as
the later is a closed system.

The different applications for water strainer are:

a. Sea chest strainer
It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water
inlet system to the ship. The filter is casing normally
fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally
a strainer is used in the sea chest so that the flow of
water in the sea line is always maintained.
b. Fresh water strainer
All the fresh water system such as drinking water
system, sanitary water system, boiler feed water
system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the
suction side of the pump.

6. Bellmouthed pipe end

Bellmounted used to make the fluid easier to the flow
direction in the suction bilge well. Bellmounted enlarged
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direction in the suction bilge well. Bellmounted enlarged
funnel-shaped end. Bellmounted used in the suction pipe
ends bilge well.

Gambar 5. Bellmounted pipe end

7. Watertight flange for fitting bulkhead

It is used in the watertight bulkhead. It is located on pipes
that penetrate the watertight bulkhead such as engine
room bulkhead.

8. Pressure gauge
Pressure gauge is used to indicate fluid pressure. Pressure
gauge placed on the suction and discharge side of the
pump.

Gambar 6. Pressure Indicator

9. Safety valve
Safety valve is used to resolve back pressure on the
discharge side of the pump when the pressure on the
discharge side if excess. Safety valve used on the
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discharge side if excess. Safety valve used on the
discharge side of the pump is connected to the suction
side of the pump.

Gambar 7. Safety Valve

10. Safety valve

It is used to prevent pipe the breaking because of the
motion of the ship. Flexible coupling is used in the main
pipe of bilge system.
VIII - Piping Systems
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VI. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Key
No. Equipme Reference Parameter Design
nt
ABS Part 4,
Bilge Main Chapter 6, d = 25 + 1.68(L(B+D))0.5 [mm]
1. pipe's Section 4,
Diameter 5.3.1(a) Bilge d = 1 + (L(B+D)/2500)0.5 [in]
Main
ABS Part 4,
Bilge
Chapter 6, dB = 25 + 2.16(c(+B+D))0.5 [mm]
Branch
2. Section 4,
pipe's
5.3.1(d) Bilge dB = 1+[c(+B+D)/1500]0.5 [in]
Diameter
branch
ABS Part 4,
Bilge Chapter 6, Q = 5.66d2/1000 [m3/hr]
3. Pump Section 4, 5.3.2
Capacity Bilge Pump Q = 16,1d2 [gpm]
Capacity

Pompa dan H = Ha + Hp + Hv + Hi [m]

Kompresor Ha = difference height suction &
Head
(Sularso-Haruo, discharge
4. Calculatio Hp = difference pressure suction &
2000), Chapter
n discharge
2, 2.4.1 Head Hv = difference flow rate suction &
total pompa discharge
Hi = head loss total
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VII. SUMMARY OF CALCULATION
1. Calculated of Main Bilge Pipe
Main Pipe Diameter d = 117.13 mm
= 4.611 inches

Spesification of pipe according to:

Nominal Size = 127 mm
= 5 inches
Inside Diameter = 123.825 mm
= 4.875 inches
Outside Diameter = 141.3 mm
= 5.563 inches
(schedule
Schedule Number =
40)
Thickness = 8.7376 mm
= 0.344 inches

2. Calculated of Branch Bilge Pipe

Main Pipe Diameter dB = 76.59 mm
= 3.016 inches

Spesification of pipe according to :

Nominal Size = 76.2 mm
= 3 inches
Inside Diameter = 74.6252 mm
= 2.938 inches
Outside Diameter = 88.9 mm
= 3.5 inches
(schedule
Schedule Number =
40)
Thickness = 7.1374 mm
= 0.281 inches

3. Calculation of Pump Capacity

Q = 88.16 m3/h
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= 1.4694 m3/s

4. Calculated of Head Bilge Pump

Ha = 7.71 m
Hp = 0 m
Hv = 0 m
ML1s = 3.89 m
ML1d = 0.41 m
MLs = 27.37 m
MLd = 1.40 m
total = 40.78 m

5. Pump Spesification
Maker = SILI Pump Manufacture Ltd
Type of Pump = Vertical centrifugal model 100CLZ-9
NPSHr (m) = 5m
Q (m3/h) = 100
H (m) = 50
Pump Material = copper and stainless steel (marine use)

Pump's Electric motor

Power (kW) = 30 kW
Voltage (Volt) = 380 V
Freq (Hz) = 50 Hz

VIII. DETAIL OF CALCULATION

See attachment of Doc.N
02 - 42 19 AB023 - BG

IX. SPESIFICATION OF EQUPMENTS

See attachment of Doc.N
02 - 42 19 AB023 - BG

IX. SPESIFICATION OF EQUPMENTS

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I CALCULATION DETAIL
a. Calculation of main bilge line

d = 25 + 1.68(L(B+D))0.5 [mm] ABS Part 4, Chapter 6,

Section 6, 5.3.1(a) Bilge
Main
Where :
d = internal diameter of the bilge main pipe[mm]
B = breadth of vessel [mm]
D = depth to bulkhead or freeboard deck [m]
L = length of vessel between perpendicular[m]

Lpp = 103.30 m
B = 18.78 m
D = 10.33 m

So, d = 25 + 1.68(103.3(18.78+10.33))0.5
= 117.13 mm
= 4.61 inch

For the main bilge pipe, it uses carbon stell galvanized pipe
according to ANSI standard.

Inside diameter 4.875 inch 124 mm (schedule 40)

thickness 0.344 inch 8.738 mm
Outside diameter 5.563 inch 141 mm
Nominal pipe size 5

b. Calculation of main bilge branch pipe

dB = 25 + 2.16(c(+B+D))0.5 [mm] ABS Part 4, Chapter 6,
Section 6, 5.3.1(d) Bilge
branch
Where :
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dB = internal diameter of the bilge branch pipe [mm]
B = breadth of vessel [mm]
D = depth to bulkhead or freeboard deck [m]

c = length of the compartment [m]

c = 19.60 m
B = 18.78 m
D = 10.33 m

So, dB = 25 + 2.16(c(+B+D))0.5
= 25 + 2.16(19,6(18.78+10.33))0.5
= 76.59 mm
= 3.016 inch

For the main bilge pipe, it uses carbon stell galvanized pipe
according to ANSI standard.

Inside diameter (dB) 2.938 in 74.6 mm (schedule 40)

thickness 0.281 in 7.1 mm
Outside diameter 3.5 in 88.9 mm
Nominal pipe size 3

c. Calculation capacity of bilge pump

Q = 5.66d2/1000 [m3/hr] ABS Part 4, Chapter 6,

Section 6, 5.3.2 Bilge Pump
Capacity
Where :
d = the required internal diameter
= 123.83 mm
So, Q = 5.66 x 123.832
= 1000
= 88.16 m3/hr
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= 1.469 m3/min
= 0.024 m3/s

A = πd2 V =Q/A
= 0.01205 m2 = 2.033 m/s

d. Calculation of Bilge Well Volume

Bilge wells shall have a capacity of more than 0,2 m 3.
Planned Bilge Well dimension :
Length = 0.8 m
Width = 0.8 m
Height = 0.5 m
So, volume is = 0.32 m³
and will be fitted = 13 set bilge well
Total volume of Bilge We= 4.16 m³

e. Calculation of Bilge Pump's Head

1) Calculation instalation in E/R
Pompa dan Kompresor
H = Ha + Hp + Hv + Hi [m] (Sularso-Haruo),
Chapter 2, 2.4.1 Head
total pompa
Where :
Ha = difference height suction & discharge (total head statis)
= T + 0.75 m
= 6,96+0.75 m
= 7.71 m

Hp = Different pressure in suction side and discharge side

= ( Pdisch - Psuct ) / ρg
= ( 1 atm - 1 atm ) / 1,025 * 9,8
= 0 m
(Because pressure in suction and discharge have same value)
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Hv = Different flow velocity in suction side and discharge side

= ( V2disch - V2suct ) / 2g
= ( 2.0332 - 2.0332 ) / ( 2 x 9.81 )
= 0 m

2) Calculation of head losses in suction line

a) Major losses :

Re = ( D x V ) / u Pompa dan Kompresor (Sularso-

Haruo), Chapter 2, 2.4.1 Head total
pompa
Where :
D = Inside diameter of bilge main pipe (d)
= 123.83 mm
v = flow velocity
= 2.033 m/s
u = 8.01E-07 m2/s

So, Re = (0.124 x 2.033 ) / 0,000000801

= 314277.434 if Re <2300,"laminer"
= turbulen if Re >2300,"turbulen"

Major losses = λ x L x v^2 / (D x 2g)

Pompa dan Kompresor (Sularso-
Haruo), Chapter 2, 2.4.1 Head total
Where : pompa
λ = 0.02+0.0005/d
= 0.024038
L = Length of Suction Side
= 95 m
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v = 2.033 m/s
D = d
= 123.83 mm
Then :
Mayor loses = 0.02404 x 95 x 2.0332 / (0.124 x 2 x 9.8)
= 3.89 m

b) Minor losses
Minor losses = (Σ n.k) x v² /2g
No.Accesoris n k nxk
1 Elbow 90 o
4 1 4
2 Butterfly valve 7 0.86 6.02
3 T joint 6 1.8 10.8
4 Bellmounted pipe end 1 0.05 0.05
5 NRV Remotely 14 2 28
6 Bulkhead Fitting Watert 8 0.02 0.16
7 Filter or strainer 2 2.5 5
8 Flexible Coupling 7 0.46 3.22
9 Cross Join 2 1.18 2.36
Σ 59.61

Minor losses = (Σ n.k) x v² /2g

= 59.6 x 2.033² /(2x9.8)
= 27.372 m

So, Head Loss in Suction Line

H = Major Head Loss + Minor Head Loss
= 31.26 m

3) Calculation of head losses in discharge line

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a) Major losses = λ x L x v^2 / (D x 2g)

Where :

λ = 0.02+0.0005/d
= 0.0240
L = Length of Discharge Side
= 10.0 m
v = 2.033 m/s
D = d
= 123.825 m

Mayor loses = 0.024 x 10 x 2.033^2 / (137.08 x 2x9.8)

= 0.41 m

b) Minor losses = (Σ n.k) x v² /2g

No. Accesoris n k nxk

1 Butterfly valve 1 0.86 0.86
2 T Joint 1 1.8 1.8
3 SDNRV 2 2 4
Σ 6.66

minor losses = (Σ n.k) x v² /2g

= 6.66 x 3² /(2x9.8)
= 1.40 m

So, Head Loss in Discharge Line

H = Major Head Loss + Minor Head Loss
= 1.81 m

f. Conclusion
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Total head pump = Ha + Hp + Hv + Hi (Suction & Discharge)

= 7.71 + 0 + 0 + 31.26 + 1.81
H = 40.78 m
Pump capacity = 88.16 m3/h
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l head statis)

arge side

ve same value)
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ischarge side

turbulen"

r (Sularso-
4.1 Head total
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