Sub.

Name: AE6505 CONTROL ENGINEERING

Answer key
Semester/Year: V / III CAT-1
PART-A
1. When the output quantity is controlled by varying the input quantity the system is
called control system.
2. The ratio between the laplace transform of output and laplace transform of input is
called transfer function.
3. The control systems in which the output has no effect upon the input quantity are
called open-loop control system.
4. Control systems in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity in such a
manner as to maintain the desired output value are called closed loop systems.
5. Force, F Voltage, C
Mass, M inductance, L,
Stiffness, K Capacitance, C
Frictional coefficient, B Resistance, R
6. Fm= Bdx/dt
7. Fm= kX
8. A block diagram of a system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed
byeach component and of the flow of signals.
9. A signal flow graph is a diagram that represents a set of simultaneous linear algebraic
equations.
10.

PART B
11. (a) The quantity of the output being measured is called the “feedback signal”, and the
type of control system which uses feedback signals to both control and adjust itself is
called a Close-loop System. A Closed-loop Control System, also known as
a feedback control system is a control system which uses the concept of an open loop
system as its forward path but has one or more feedback loops (hence its name) or
paths between its output and its input. The reference to “feedback”, simply means that
some portion of the output is returned “back” to the input to form part of the systems
excitation.

if something happens to disturb the systems output without any change to the input
value, the output must respond by returning back to its previous set value. In the past,
electrical control systems were basically manual or what is called an Open-loop
 System with very few automatic control or feedback features built in to regulate the
process variable so as to maintain the desired output level or value

(b) Block Diagram Reduction Rules

Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many
blocks, summing points and take-off points.

 Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.

 Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.
 Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.
 Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards
right.
 Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards
left.
 Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single block.
12 (a)

(b)

13(a)
Force-Voltage Force-Current

(b)

14(a)

(b)

15 (a)

(b)
PART C

16 (a)

(b)
 Cat 2

1. The gain margin is defined as the reciprocal of the magnitude of open – loop transfer
function at phase cross over frequency.
2. The phase margin is the amount of additional phase lag at the gain cross over
frequency required to bring the system to the verge of instability.
3. The frequency response is the steady state response of a system when the input to the
system is a sinusoidal signal.
4. it is the frequency at which the phase of G)j ) is -1800. It is the frequency at which
the magnitude of G(j ) is unity
5. In approximate bode plot, the magnitude plot of a first and second order factors are
approximated by two straight lines, which are asymptotes to exact plot
6. The frequency at which the gain is -3db is called cut-off frequency
7. Advantages
 The design and parameter adjustment of the open loop Transfer function for the given
 closed loop requirement is carried out easily
 The effect of noise can be easily visualised in frequency response analysis.
8. Block diagram algebra is nothing but the algebra involved with the basic elements of
the block diagram. This algebra deals with the pictorial representation of algebraic
equations
9. Signal flow graph is a graphical representation of algebraic equations. In this chapter,
let us discuss the basic concepts related signal flow graph and also learn how to draw
signal flow graphs.
10.

PART B
11. (a)
A Bode Plot is a useful tool that shows the gain and phase response of a given LTI
system for different frequencies. Bode Plots are generally used with the Fourier
Transform of a given system.
 (b)

12. (a)

(b)

13. (a)

(b)
 14. (a)

(b)

15. (a)

(b)

PART C

16. (a)

(b)
 REHERSAL EXAM

PART A

1. The ratio between the laplace transform of output and laplace transform of input is
called transfer function.
2.

3. Mass , spring. Dashpot

4. The damping ratio is defined as the ratio of the actual damping to the critical
damping.
5. The time domain specifications are Delay time, Rise time, Peak time, Maximum
overshoot, Setting time, ts.
6. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum peak value measured from final value to the
final value.
7. Step, ramp, parabolic, impulse, sine wave signal.
8. The effect of PID controller is to increase the damping ratio of the system and so the
peak overshoot is reduced.
9. The frequency response is the steady state response of a system when the input to the
system is a sinusoidal signal.
10. All poles are located in left side of S-Plane.

PART B

11. (a)
Open -Loop Control system is called as Manual control system.
 Advantages: Simplicity and stability: they are simpler in their layout and hence are
economical and stable too due to their simplicity. Construction: Since these are
having a simple layout so are easier to construct.
Disadvantages: Accuracy and Reliability: since these systems do not have a feedback
mechanism, so they are very inaccurate in terms of result output and hence they are
unreliable too. Due to the absence of a feedback mechanism, they are unable to
remove the disturbances occurring from external sources. For more Refer cat1-11(a)
(b)
A control system is a collection of mechanical and electronic equipment that allows
an aircraft to be flown with exceptional precision and reliability.
A control system consists of cockpit controls, sensors, actuators (hydraulic,
mechanical or electrical) and computers. A turnbuckle, stretching screw or
bottlescrew is a device for adjusting the tension or length of ropes, cables, tie rods and
other tensioning systems.

12. (a)

(b)

13. (a)

(b)
14. (a)

tan 1(2w) tan 1(4 ) tan 1(0.25 )

(b)
15. (a) Normalized impulse-response of a second-order system with different damping
factors are shown graphically as follows. S= 0 to 1
C(s)= wn/s^2 +2swns+wn^2

(b)

PART C

16. (a)
(b)