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Report - Fluidized Bed PDF
Report - Fluidized Bed PDF
Report - Fluidized Bed PDF
Figure 3 . D
iagram of relationship between height and
fluidization speed.
Pressure drop in fixed bed
When a fixed bed of solid is considered as shown in the
figure, the pressure drop across the bed is due to the
gas flowing through it and can be expressed by the
Ergun equation, which is listed above. Its behavior can
be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 2 . Fluidization regimes. Available in:
https://www.academia.edu (P rincipios básicos de
fluidización)
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Engineering Faculty. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Bogotá, Colombia
2019-1
Diagram
Figure 4 . Pressure drop across a bed. (U
niversidad de las
Américas Puebla, 2004)
Pressure drop fluidized bed
Figure 5. Fluidization equipment diagram.
The pressure drop is a characteristic that occurs in
fluidized beds and apart from having the effect of the
minimum fluidization rate, it takes into account the PROCESS
density of the particles contained in the bed and is
expressed as observed in Equation 7: - It begins with the determination of the
properties of the material.
- Pack the study material in the column. In this
Ec.7
case, It will be probably worked with chickpea
Where, Lmf corresponds to the minimum fluidization grains (450 gr), until it is reached the average
height of the total fluidization bed.
bed height, mf is the minimum porosity, s is the density
of the solid, g is the density of the gas. Its behavior can - Turn on the fluidization system
be seen in Figure 4.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Materials and reactives
● Anemometer
● Fluidized Bed Equipment
● Vernier Caliper
● Chickpeas sample to fluidize
Diagram 2. Selection of inlet temperature
- Selection of air flow rate
urn off the fluidization system
Diagram 4. T
Diagram 3. Selection of air flow rate
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Engineering Faculty. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Bogotá, Colombia
2019-1
Bed porosity
CALCULATIONS SAMPLE
F ixed bed height
Classification of particle type
ε=1− bed height
16cm
ε=1− 24cm
= 0, 33
The average particle diameter being calculated, taking
into account two significant diameters of chickpea:
Minimum fluidization rate
W idth = 0.875cm+0.74cm+0.71cm+0.82cm+0.87cm = 0.803cm
5
Lenght = 1.15cm+1.1cm+1.2cm+0.89cm+1.13cm = 1.094cm According to Equation 6 (Ergun equation), the
5
theoretical calculation of the minimum fluidization
rate is made, for case 2, we obtain:
Dp = 0.803cm+1.094cm = 0.9485cm = 9485 μm
2
Dp = 9485 μm
(1−0.014)2 0.000018*v 1.225*v 2
10337.84 * 32 = 150 * * + 1.75 1−0.014 *
What according to figure 1, classifies them as type D 0.0143 (1*0.009485)2 0.0143 1*0.009485
particles.
v = 0.02367m/s = 4.66f t/min
This value is related to figure 6, obtaining a percentage
of pump flow:
%P ump f lux = 0.0003 * 4.66f t/min − 0.1623
%P ump f lux = 16.09%
With the calculation of the particle diameter, the
calculation of the sphericity of the particle is made,
from the following expression, which should yield a
result very close to 1, since calculation of volume and
area of a sphere is assumed:
3
4Π Dp
Vp= 3
( 2) This value is compared with the pump flow rate of
Figure 9, where the concavity of the curve changes,
Dp 2
S p = 4Π( ) with a value of 33%.
2
Φ= 6*0.447cm3
= 0.985 0.33 = 0.0003 * v elocity − 0.1623
2.826cm2*0.9485cm
v elocity = 1641f t/min
Pressure drop
This part of the pressure difference equation RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
calculation sample presented for a percentage of 50%
in pump power. The study of the behavior of a solid is carried out in a
fluidization system by implementing chickpea particles
ΔP = U pper P ressure − Lower P ressure as solid and as a variable the percentage of work of the
ΔP = 23, 1mbar − 1, 9mbar = 21, 2mbar pump, which influences the speed of the air and the
height of the bed when fluidized.
The minimum fluidization flow is determined, that is,
the minimum air flow in which there are no changes in
the bed.
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Engineering Faculty. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Bogotá, Colombia
2019-1
Initially the variation of the percentage of work of the
pump is realized when being empty and seeing the
effects that appear in the speed of the air and the
pressure drop.
Figure 8. Pressure drop across the bed of chickpeas with
respect to the air flow. (test 1)
The pressure drop across the fluidized bed for test 1
exhibits increasing behavior by increasing the
percentage of work of the pump presenting
Figure 6. % pump flow in relation to speed
disturbances in the range of 45-75%, so the pressure
drop decreased, this could have been due that when
The behavior of the changes made in the pump with
there is the greatest disturbance in the pressure drop,
respect to the air velocity is linear, represented by the
it goes from a fixed bed state to a fluidized bed, which
following equation
considerably decreases the pressure drop, and this
increases again naturally due to the friction generated
%P ump f low = 0.0003 * v elocity − 0.1623
by all particles moving at higher flow rates, in the
interval in which the pressure drop rises again, that is,
approximately from 70% to 100%, it is not found to be
a uniform increase, but also presents disturbances,
and does not it is logical that this happens, but that the
pressure drop should increase uniformly, this may be
because as observed during the experimentation, the
dis Flow tributary did not achieve its main objective
and the flow was not uniform throughout the area, so
it was observed that in certain areas the flow was
significantly higher, generating certain eddies in the
bed, which could have impacted the uniformity of The
pressure drop.
Figure 7. Pressure drop with respect to the air flow in the
empty fluidization equipment.
The air velocity in the fluidization equipment without
solid directly affects the pressure drop, without
relevant disturbances that change its behavior. The
pressure drop in the equipment is basically due to
losses in the air distributor, which consists of a mesh
whose objective is that the air flows uniformly
throughout the area of the equipment.
The behavior of the pressure drop with respect to the
percentage of work of the pump is presented, for two
Figura 9. Pressure drop across the bed of chickpeas with
states, both with chickpea load, the first ascending and
respect to the air flow. (test 2)
the second descending (% pump flow); The graphs
shown below illustrate the behavior of the pressure
For test 2 the pressure drop in the fluidized bed shows
drop, height and porosity of the bed as a function of
growth as the percentage of pump work increases
speed.
more uniformly than that performed in test 1. It should
be clarified that test 2 was performed in reverse, that
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Engineering Faculty. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Bogotá, Colombia
2019-1
is, starting with the flow at 100% of the capacity of the progressively decreasing the air flow causes the
pump. The fact of performing the test inversely, particles to naturally lose height in the fluidized bed.
generates that the pressure drop presents a smoother When performing the test in this way, a more
behavior, since instead of adding energy to the flow, it expected bed behavior can be observed.
is being withdrawn, without generating significant It is noted that for the two tests there were no
disturbances. The only significant disturbance variations in the bed height until a pump working
observed is in the interval where the bed changes from percentage of 40%, that is, for an air flow rate of 2100
a fluidized bed to a fixed bed. ft / min. This speed corresponds to the minimum
fluidization speed
The porosity of the solid that is subjected to
fluidization is determined by the following equation
Porosidad= 1- (H f ixed bed/H bed)
Figura 9 .C
hange in bed height with respect to flow rate
(test 1)
When performing the experimentation from the
lowest to the highest percentage in the pump, the
growth of the bed height was observed up to
approximately 70% of the pump's work, but as the Figura 11. Change in bed porosity with respect to flow
pump's work increased, the height decreased. As rate (test 1)
mentioned, up to a percentage of pump work of
approximately 70%, a theoretically expected behavior The change in the porosity of the fixed bed solid is zero
is presented, in which the bed height increases, since there are no changes in its behavior as a solid,
however, it was at this point that the deficiency was which occurs up to 40% of pump flow.
observed more significantly in the distributor of flow, When the behavior of the solid changes when
causing the aforementioned eddies to occur, these fluidizing, there is an increase in porosity, as presented
eddies prevented the bed from continuing to grow in in the tests.
height and caused it to oscillate at a certain interval, In test 1, the increase in porosity reaches its maximum
which is not expected behavior. value at 70%, but subsequently oscillates in a
decreasing way.
Figura 10. Change in bed height with respect to flow rate
(test 2)
It can be observed that when performing the test
Figura 12. Change in bed porosity with respect to flow
inversely, as happened with the pressure drop, it also
rate (test 2)
happened with the height of the bed, the fact of
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
Engineering Faculty. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Bogotá, Colombia
2019-1
The change in the porosity of test 2 is increasing as the http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/docu
power of the pump increases, due to the fluidization of mentos/lim/cabrera_v_a/capitulo3.pdf
the solid and instead of behavior. ● Mc Cabe W, S. J. (1991). OPERACIONES
For trial 2 there were minor deviations in the readings, UNITARIAS DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA.
so it is recommended to conduct the experiment in a Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
decreasing way.
● Trabajo y proyectos Fin de uso de la ETSI.
FLUIDO-DINÁMICA DE LECHOS
CONCLUSIONS FLUIDIZADOS.Capítulo 3. Sevilla (2011)
Universidad de Sevilla. Taken from:
● It was determined that a bed composed of http://bibing.us.es
chickpeas when being fluidized, has a bubbling
fluidization behavior, that is, it does not have a
smooth fluidization. ● (N.A) PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS DE
FLUIDIZACIÓN. Taken form:
● There was an expected pressure drop, https://www.academia.edu/35155251/PRI
especially in tests performed inversely, in NCIPIOS_B%C3%81SICOS_DE_FLUIDIZA
which the pressure drop progressively
CI%C3%93N_3.1_El_estado_fluidizado
increases while the bed is a fixed bed, once the
bed is fluidized, the pressure drop decreases
slightly and then returns to increase as the air
flow increases.
● The minimum fluidization rate was
determined to be 2100 ft / min, at this speed a
significant change was found in the pressure
drop.
● The leaks present in the fluidization system
affect the measurements of the air velocity
and the length of movement of the bed, as
swirls occur unevenly.
● The variation of the porosity with respect to
the flow rate is directly proportional to the
pressure drop and the fluidization rate.
BIBLIOGRAPHY