CENTER OF LANGUAGES OF THE UNIVERSITY

“SANTIAGO ANTUNEZ DE MAYOLO”

RESEARCH WORK

WATER QUALITY

STUDENT: SANCHEZ SANTILLAN BRYAN MANUEL

LEVEL : INTERMEDIATE V
 INTRODUCTION

Water is indispensable and necessary to carry out our daily activities; Therefore, we
must take care of it and not waste it. Thanks to this natural resource people, animals
and plants can live.
The description and evaluation of water quality is a complex matter, with controversy
regarding the ability of different methodologies to inform about the qualitative nature
of the water resource. This research work was developed with the intention of
knowing some of the essential concepts according to the quality of the water
resource.
DEFINITION OF WATER QUALITY
It is understood as water quality to all those conditions that must occur in the water so that
it maintains a balanced ecosystem and so that it meets certain quality objectives (ecological
quality). Or as the set of physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that define it,
etc.

ECA
The Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) is an environmental management instrument
that is established to measure the state of the quality of the environment in the national
territory. The ECA establishes the concentration levels of elements or substances present
in the environment that do not represent risks to health and the environment.

WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Monitoring is the systematic process of gathering, analyzing and using information to track
the progress of a program in pursuit of its objectives and to guide management decisions.
In the case of water quality, the parameter measurement data is consistent with the
objectives established in a previously developed study, which will be analyzed and
discussed with the quality standards.

WATER CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

STANDARDS FOR WATER
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION SUBCATEGORY DESCRIPTION
Water that can be treated with
A1
Surface water disinfection
intended for the Water that can be treated with
Category 1-A A2
production of conventional treatment
drinking water Water that can be treated with
A3
advanced treatment
Surface waters B1 Primary contact
Category 1-B intended for
B2 Secondary contact
recreation
Category 2: C1 Bivalve mollusc crop extraction
Coastal and Extraction and cultivation of other
Sea waters C2
continental hydrobiological species
marine C3 Other activities
extraction and Extraction and cultivation of other
cultivation Continental water C4 hydrobiological species in lakes or
activities lagoons
Category 3: Parameter for
D1 Watering of tall and low stem crops
Watering and vegetable irrigation
drinking Parameter for
animals D2 Animal drink
animal drink
Category 4 E1 Lagoons and lakes
 Costa and Sierra rivers
Aquatic E2: Rivers
Jungle rivers
Environment
E3: Marine Estuaries
Conservation
Ecosystems Sailors

WATER CONTAMINATION
Water pollution is the accumulation of toxic substances and spillage of fluids in a water
system (river, sea, basin, etc.) altering water quality. Substances or physical, chemical and
biological parameters that characterize a watercourse, when exceeded, cause or may cause
damage to health, and the environment. Compliance is legally enforceable by the respective
competent authority.

WASTEWATERS:
Are those waters whose original characteristics have been modified by human activities and
that, due to their quality, require prior treatment, before being reused, discharged into a
natural body of water or discharged to the sewer system. Types of sewage water:

 Domestic wastewater: Are those of residential and commercial origin that contain
physiological wastes, among others, from human activity, and must be disposed of
properly.
 Industrial wastewater: Are those that result from the development of a productive
process, including those from mining, agricultural, energy, agroindustrial activity,
among others.
 Municipal wastewater: Are those domestic wastewaters that can be mixed with storm
drain or industrial wastewater previously treated, to be admitted into sewage systems
of combined type.

General situation in Peru

Peru is a country highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, one of the main impacts
are manifested in water scarcity. This added to the problem of the quality of the water that
our country faces, makes the State a series of challenges; Being this resource a good of
first necessity for living beings and an indispensable natural element in the configuration of
ecosystems. If key decisions are not taken, we will continue to face serious threats to public
health, food security, loss of ecosystems and the sustainability of economic development.

Water pollution analysis in Peru

According to the National Strategy for the Improvement of the Quality of Water Resources -
201612, the National Water Authority (ANA) identified 41 hydrographic units, whose quality
parameters exceed the ECA-Water, being the main cause of water discharge industrial,
domestic and municipal waste.

WATER BODY LOCATION TYPE OF POLLUTION AND ORIGIN

 Affected by dumping of municipal
Amazon River Loreto wastewater,
floating faucets, oil spill
Madre de Dios
River and Madre de Dios Affected by illegal and informal mining.
tributaries
Tambo river Moquegua-Arequipa Boron and Arsenic (natural origin).
San Juan River Pasco Affected by mining and municipal dumping
Perené River Pasco Affected by mining and municipal dumping
Piura River Piura Affected by municipal wastewater discharge.
Affected by dumping of municipal wastewater
Chira river Piura and
agricultural
Coata River Puno Municipal wastewater discharge.
Illegal and informal mining (dumping of
Ramis River Puno
mining tailings).
Ayaviri-Pucará
Puno Municipal wastewater discharge
River
Inland Bay of Puno- Affected by dumping of municipal
Puno
Lake Titicaca wastewater.
Yunguyo Bay- Affected by dumping of municipal
Puno
Titicaca Lake wastewater.
Affected by illegal and informal mining
Suches River Puno generated by
Peruvian and Bolivian miners.
Sandi River Puno Affected by municipal dumping.
Affected by municipal wastewater discharges,
Tumbes River Tumbes
mining activities in Ecuador
Huallaga River Ucayali Affected by municipal wastewater discharge.
 ANNEXES

Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water.

Water quality monitoring.

Average annual variation of thermotolerant coliforms per UH corresponding to Class IV
and Category 4 (jungle rivers).

Category 1-A
Category 1-B

Category 2
Category 3

Category 4
Wastewater
 Questions:

 Why is water quality important?

 what is the ECA for?

 What is the main problem of water pollution?

 What are the consequences of water pollution?

 what are the types of water features?

 What does ANA mean?

 Do you think the water quality in Peru is bad? Why?

 What are the types of wastewater?

 What are the characteristics of water?

 How to solve the wastewater discharge?