WRITING THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A research proposal is prepared prior to the actual conduct of the study. The presentation
of the proposal should be clear and concise. Each sentence should be meaningful and
straightforward. Avoid the use of poetic, flowery phrases or of description made in a roundabout
manner.

The DEADLINE OF YOUR PROPOSAL IS ON OCTOBER 3-4, 2019 and will be

presented on October 7-11, 2019. However, in case that it is usually re-defense, you may present
it until the last day of examination. Failure to present your paper will GREATLY affect your grade
as it will cover your four PERFORMANCE TASKS AND TWO WRITTEN OUTPUTS.

In writing the proposal, future tense is used and preferably in the passive voice.

The proposal should be presented according to the following sections and in the same
sequence. Headings should be typed in capital letters.

Sections/Components:
I. TITLE PAGE
II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
III. TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. CHAPTER I - BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Statement of the Problems
Assumptions of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of Limitations
Locale of the Study
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework of the Study
Definitions of Terms

V. CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

VI. CHAPTER III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Participants
The Sampling
Data Collection Techniques
Data Analysis Techniques
Duration and Table of Activities
Possible Costs of Implementation

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIII. APPENDICES
Constructed Guided Interview
Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers
 Preliminary Parts of a Research Proposal
This section contains the introductory materials that place the research proposal in proper context.

A. TITLE PAGE
The title page contains the ff.
a. Research Title
b. Submission Statement
c. Full name(s) of the Researcher(s)
d. School
e. Full name of the Research Adviser
f. Date of Submission
Sample Title Page:
TO DIE OR NOT TO DIE?: COMMON PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERING
OF SHS STUDENTS AND HOW THEY DEAL WITH IT

10 single spaces

A research Proposal Submitted in a Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in Practical Research I

5-7 single spaces

HELEN AGUSTIN CASTILLANO

ALJADE CASTILLANO AGUSTIN
MARY FLOR BARRID
JAIRUS BARRID
Proponents
HUMSS X 2019-2020
Munoz National Senior High School

5-7single spaces

SIR OPPA
Research Teacher

7 single spaces

October 2019

A. TITLE OF THE STUDY – the title has already gave to you and your data must stick to
the title that your group has have.
 The best time to write the title is after you have written the text (therefore you may revised
the title that has assigned to you), so that the title will reflect the paper’s content. Avoid phrases
such as “on the”, “a study of the effects”, “research on”, “report on”, “regarding”, and “use of”. In
most cases, omit “the” at the beginning of the title.
Spell out all terms and avoid symbols, formulas, and abbreviations. Whenever possible,
use words rather than expressions containing superscripts.

B. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This part is where the student researcher expresses his/her appreciation to significant
contributions made in completing the research.

C. TABLE OF CONTENTS
This is a listing of the different parts of the whole report with the corresponding page
number of each part. This page contains main titles and titles of the subtopics up to the third
level only. Chapter titles are all capitalized (see illustration). The main titles and subtitles
should be the same as those inside the manuscript.

WRITING YOUR CHAPTER I

CHAPTER I
Background of the Study
INTRODUCTION

This is the beginning part of the scientific paper. The function of the introduction is to give the
readers a comprehensive view of the particular field of study. Like any beginning part of a
scientific essay, the introduction must be clear and well-written in order to interest and excite the
reader to the research.
The introduction need not be very long although it must contain the following subsections:
This states of rationale of the study. It explains briefly why the investigator chose this study
to work on. It describes the circumstances that suggested the research.
The background answers the question: “Why will you conduct the study?” It may include
the following:
a. Historical account of events or condition/ explanation of the present situation
b. General problem
c. Rationale of the study/ basis justification why the study will be conducted.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

In this part, you have to list down at least one general aims of the study and five specific purpose
of your paper. Usually it is written by preposition “to” adding an action verb after it.

To know…
To find out…
To determine…
To ascertain…
To explain… and many more.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

In this part, you just have stated in paragraph or paraphrasing the objectives of the study making
it into an interrogative form.

Good research problems have the following characteristics:

1. S- Specific
2. M- Measurable
3. A- Attainable
4. R- Realistic and result oriented
5. T- Time- bound

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

Instead of writing the hypotheses of the study, you will write what will be the possible answers to
the questions or finding of your study.

Example:

It is assumed that in this study the main reasons why students are always absent is about personal
struggles and negative attitude towards schooling.

You should provide at least positive and negative assumptions to your paper.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This part of the report highlights the possible contributions of the research findings to the country
or to various sectors of society. It describes the relevance of the research to feel the needs, how the
research output may be directly useful to people or how the research will contribute to solve that
particular problem.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This part defines the limits of the study in terms of:
1. Scope of the study area;
2. Scope of the problem;
3. Time frame of the study; and
4. Any limitations in the reference population, sample size,
treatments done, instruments used or research design.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

You have to state in this part where your study will be conducted. The researcher should include
a map. However, if your approach is content analysis, this part or component will be omitted.
CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

In this part, you have to explain first the diagram that you will be using to illustrate the flow of
your paper. Hence, if you will be adopting certain theory it is advisable to discuss that theory
first and then how you come up with that particular conceptual.

Conceptual Flow of Research is the term will be replaced for Conceptual paradigm, please as a
teacher I also have lapses in information that provided. BUT the important thing is we
CORRECTED it. In QUALITATIVE RESEARCH we are not USING the TERM
RESEARCH PARADIGM, instead we may use the Conceptual Flow of Research or other
terms that your teacher will advise you to use.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 This section includes terms which should be interpreted in a manner unique to your
research, i.e., different from how they are defined in the dictionary.

 It includes all the important variables in the study, especially those measured by means of
specific instruments or procedures.

 The definitions may be conceptual or operational. An operational definition is one which

indicates how the particular term/variable is measured and conceptual means how that term
is used based on the context of your paper.

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

NOTE: I already discussed in class what are the types of LITERATURE REVIEW. In your
case, you have to write your chapter II with ARGUMENTATIVE, INTEGRATIVE, approach
only.

One of the most important components of a good investigatory research paper is a properly
planned, adeptly conceptualized, and well-written Review of Related Literature. Reviewing and
organizing related studies is basic to all research. This will provide you with additional knowledge
and insights into the topic. It will also help you organize the concepts and principles fundamental
to your research.
Literature review consists of a collection of pertinent readings, published or unpublished,
in local or foreign settings. The literature will provide discussion of facts, principles, trends and
practices to which the present study is related.

Why a Review of Related Literature?

The Review of Related Literature briefly summarizes studies directly related to your
research. Usually it includes the purpose, procedures, major findings and recommendations for
further study of various researches conducted in the past. It discusses relevant information, reviews
most recent findings, and identifies gaps in existing knowledge about the problem or area being
studied. Through an extensive review of research you can learn which procedures and techniques
have proved useful and those that seem less promising. A through search of related studies also
avoids unintentional replication of studies that have already been concluded in the past.

Classifications of Related Literature

1. Conceptual Literature or Related Literature – These are non-research reference

materials written by authorities on the subject which embody experiences, viewpoints and
interpretations of the subject of the research study.
Sources: encyclopedia, books, journal, commentaries and other publications.
2. Research Literature or Related Studies – These consist of studies and researches of
theses and dissertations, published or unpublished, which have a bearing on the current
research.

Some Helpful Tips in Writing the Related Literature

To help you in writing a good Review of Related Literature, the following are some tips
that you may want to consider:
a. It must document accepted facts, concepts and processes upon which the research is based.
b. Reference information should be correctly recorded so that proper documentation of
sources can be made and appropriate credit be given to the author.
c. Describe similarities and differences among research studies as
background information for your current study.

3.1.3 Format or Style of Citing Related Studies

For published works, mention the relevant information, then enclosed in parenthesis the
author and year publication. Some examples and formats of citing published works are given
below.

a. Single Author

The pyrolysis apparatus or pyrolyzer should be designed to maintain an oxygen-deficient

atmosphere and that material of construction should be corrosion-resistant (Deneau, 1981).
OR

Deneau (1981) recommends that the pyrolysis apparatus or pyrolyzer should be so design
as to maintain an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and those materials of construction should
be corrosion-resistant.

Source: Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes for the Production of a Fuel Substitute (1998 TOYS
National Finalist)
 b. Two authors
Asphalt or bituminous concrete has the important advantage that traffic may use it
immediately after construction (Oglesby and Gayhicks, 1992).

OR
Oglesby and Gayhicks (1992) note that asphalt or bituminous concrete has the important
advantage that traffic may use it immediately after construction.

Source: The Utilization of Discarded Thermoplastics as Asphalt Additive in Bituminous

Road Construction (1998 TOYS Nationalist Finalist)

c. Multiple authors

The most biologically effective alternatives to chemicals for weed control in cultivated crops
that have been extensively evaluated are plant pathogens, more specifically, plant-
pathogenic fungi (Boyette, et al., 1991).
OR
Boyette, et al. (1991) report that the most biologically effective alternatives to chemicals
for weed control in cultivated crops that have been extensively evaluated are plant
pathogens, more specifically, plant-pathogenic fungi.

How to Organize the Review of Related Literature

An organized and systematic presentation of the literature is crucial in any research. The
researcher who fails to assemble related literature in a systematic manner from the beginning may
not stay focused on his chosen topic. To help with this aspect of your research, the following are
some suggestions for organizing your Review of Related Literature.
a. Create categories for your literature review, grouping together similar studies or those that
tackle similar aspects of your research.
b. Begin with the most recent studies and then work backward.
c. Whenever possible, include an extensive review of relevant local research so that you will
avoid unintentional duplication of already conducted studies.

CHAPTER III
Research Methodology

This section describes in sufficient detail the procedures employed in the research so it can be
evaluated and repeated if necessary. Such description is important in evaluating the study.
The interpretation of the results of the study are taken in the light of the methods employed.
The validity and reliability of the methods employed enable the reader to put more confidence on
the results of the study. Reproducibility of data is a primary consideration in evaluating reliability
of the technique. Validity of the methods ensures that the data gathered are relevant and appropriate
to the problem being investigated.

Content

The methodology section informs the reader of the steps undertaken by the researcher and
how he did them. It includes the following:

a. All processes done during the data collection and analysis

b. All materials and amounts you will use in the study
c. Description of the respondents or particpants of the study and how you will select them
d. Kind of data you will gather
e. Description of the samples and reference population
f. Sampling technique
g. Manner of data collection, organization and processing

COMPONENTS

The Participants

In this part, you have to state who are your participants are and how you are able to select them.
What method you select them and how they qualify as your respondents on the study. Those are
the usual questions being written on this part.

The Sampling

In quantitative you have already discussed the different sampling method. Therefore, you have to
think what particular sampling you employed on your paper. And why do you think it is applicable
to your paper. However, if your approach is content analysis no need to include this part.

The Research Designs

At this point, you have to state what particular research design that is being applied in your paper.
Just review what are the designs applicable in qualitative research. And why do you think it is apt
to your paper and how you will going to employ it.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

This is the part where you have to write down how you will be able to get the data of your paper.
Is it through interview, narratology etc. then how you will be going to implement those in your
paper to collect the data needed.

DATA ANALYSIS

Go back to the discussions we had have in Data Analysis for Qualitative Research and think of
which among them you may apply for your paper and answer why, and how?

BACK MATTERS

BIBLIOGRAPHY – You as a researcher should state all the cited sources you used in your paper
and what are the related papers cited or not as long as it is relevant to the topic of your paper.

APPENDICES

You have to include the resume of each member and possible list of questions that you will ask to
your respondents.

PRESENTATION GUIDELINES
 The panelist should have their printed copies of the paper. It means that your proposal must be
printed into three copies in which all the panelist should have their own copy.
 The presenters should dress formally and provide snacks to the panelists.
 The group members should pick which among them will be the two presenters of their paper.
 If the paper will be redefense, three will be five points deductions in each redefense and should
inform the panelist when they will present their proposal again. During the redefense, they should
also provided three copies so that each panelist has have their own copy.
 The rubrics will be discussed during the presentation.
 There will be slide decks to use for the presentation of the proposal.