Mapua University

Elbow
(Split Pattern)
Shop Exercise # 4

Mejia, Lance Joseph F. Date Performed : December 12, 2018

2013108319 Date Submitted : January 7, 2019

Engr. RJ Lawrence Tiu

Instructor
 Objectives
1. To familiarize the students with different hand tools and their uses.
2. To be able to make a split pattern (elbow).
3. To be trained in the shop operation.
4. To familiarize the students in different kinds of pattern.

List of Materials
1. Kiln dry lumber- is often used for furniture, cabinets, and flooring.
2 pieces of 2 9/16”x2 ½”x9/16” kiln dry lumber
1 piece of 7 1/8”x1 ½”x1/4” kiln dry lumber

2. Wood Glue- is an adhesive that woodworkers, carpenters and

hobbyists trust for their woodworking projects.
3. Files – these are the tools used for shaping and forming the wooden piece
into the desired shape and edge with particular smoothing.

4. Try Square – these tool is used to measure in inches and in pieces of wood
especially in woodworking and this tool is also accurate in measuring an
angle or 90 degrees .

5. Back Saw- The type of saw used to make straight cuts and basically
contain a metal stiffening rib on top to provide precise cuts.
6. Compass Saw- This particular type of saw is used to make precise and
small cuts , in this particular experiment we used this after drilling the
hole on the inside part of the wood in order to cut and form the hole.

7. Sand Paper- We used this tool or material to have a smooth and fine
finish on the wood in the experiment.

1
8. 1 piece solid wood (5’’ x 12’’ x1’’)- This material is the main object in our
experiment and it is the one to be modified to form the desired
specifications that the instructor has given to us.
9. Woodworking Vise- a vise with jaws that are padded in order to hold
lumber without denting it.

10. Carpenter’s Pencil- are premium quality wood-cased pencils ideal for
marking wood, concrete, and other surfaces.

11. Drafting Template (Circular)- are used for drawing text, including digits
and letter characters
12. Drawing Compass- is a drawing tool that can be used to draw circles or arcs.

13. Drill Press (Bit Size: 1/16”)- is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or
other materials.

Procedures
1. The 2 pieces of 2 9/16”x2 ½”x9/16” block of wood and the other materials needed
were prepared.
2. A grid with boxes measuring 1 1/8” x 1 1/8” was drawn on the block of wood. Then,
a U-shape pattern was drawn. The marks for the semi-circles on the sides of the
pattern, and the pins and the dowels were also drawn.
3. A Circle template and the tri-square were used in creating the arc on both sides of
the wood. The measurement of the arc was 9/8” in radius.
4. The block of wood was placed in between the bench vise. Using a back saw, the
portions of the wood that is outside the U-shape pattern was sawed off. Then,
following the middle line on the pattern, it was sawed into half.

5. In fine-tuning the arcs on the wood, a round file, and a flat file were used.

6. Using a drill press, 4 holes were made into the wood. Two holes go all the way
through the wood, and two holes’ half-way through.
7. Using a round file and half-round file, the body of the piping elbow was made into
a round surface.

8. Using 100-grit and 1000-grit sandpaper, the body of the piping elbow was polished.

9. The two sticks were attached all the way through the one pattern of the body.

10. The 7 1/8”x1 ½”x1/4” block of wood and the other materials needed were
prepared.

11. Two circle patterns with a diameter of 1 1/8” were drawn on the block of wood.
Then, two hexagonal patterns with sides measuring 5/8” were drawn on the block
of wood.
12. The 7 1/8”x1 ½”x1/4” block of wood was placed in the bench vise. With the use of
the back saw, the wood was sawed off into 4 pieces.

13. The flat file was used for fine-tuning the core prints. Then, using a back saw, they
were cut into half.

14. Using 100-grit and 1000-grit sandpaper, the core prints of the piping elbow were
polished.

15. Using wood glue, the core prints were attached into each half of the body. The
arrangement being, the body is first attached to the semi-hexagonal core print and
then the semi-circle core print comes last.
 Final product

Topic Questions & Answers

1. What is a plywood?

 Plywood is made of three or more thin layers of wood bonded

together with an adhesive.

2. Why is it important to check the layout?

 The importance of a layout would be better appreciated if one

understands the influence of an efficient layout on the
manufacturing function: it makes it smooth and efficient.

3. What is the difference between a rip saw and a crosscut saw?

 A crosscut saw blade has more teeth (80) for a smooth cut with little
to no tare out, just keep the blade half inch or more above the
top of the wood yourcutting. A rip blade has (28) teeth. It will cut
the wood like butter. If you use a crosscut blade to rip it will cut very
slow and actually burn the wood.

4. What is the meaning of (S2S) and (S4S) for lumber?

 If you want the smoothest wood, ask for S4S. S2S is between
rough stock and S4S.
5. When you buy a crosscut saw, what specification is needed?

 Hand saws with “Cross Cut” teeth cut across the grain (“cross
cutting”). The tooth is shaped like a knife blade. It cleanly severs the
wood grain, just as if you used a knife. The number of saw teeth per
inch (or points per inch) is another important factor in selecting a
hand saw for a particular purpose. Large hand saw teeth will cut
quickly through the wood, but will leave a rough surface. Small hand
saw teeth will cut finely and accurately, but are not practical
for cutting long lengths or widths. When dealing with normal hand
saws or frame saws, “Rip” teeth are typically larger than “Cross Cut”
teeth. In back saws, rip and cross-cut teeth can vary in size. The
number of teeth per inch are usually expressed as “points per inch”
(ppi) or “teeth per inch” (tpi) and the number is usually stamped
into the saw plate.

6. What do you call the opening at the bottom of the plane?

 The mouth of the tool: You want it as wide open as possible

without interfering with the function of the hand plane. With some
planes, if you open the mouth all the way, the body casting of the
tool will prevent the iron from seating on the frog of the tool. That’s
bad. Open the mouth up so it can easily pass a gnarly shaving.

7. What kind of saw is needed to cut curves? Give at least two.

 Coping Saw
 Compass Saw
 Turning Saw

8. What is the purpose of using a block plane?

 A block plane is a small hand plane which typically has its iron, or
blade, bedded at a lower angle than the standard bench plane.

9. What kind of tools is practically used in smoothing and shaping curved surfaces?

 Hand planes can handle some curves. For gentle-to-moderate

convex curves (or very gentle concave ones), I start with a sharp
 hand plane set up for a light cut. A plane chatters less and smooths
more efficiently than lighter tools.

10. What is the best tool used in shaping and smoothing small and sharp curve?

 Rasps
 Files for working wood
 Rifflers

Conclusion

 In this experiment, we were tasked to create a piping elbow on a kiln dry

lumber. The objectives of the shop exercise are met since we were able to
create a piping elbow and be able to know its use. In addition, we were also
able to get to know more the use of the basic woodworking hand tools.
After performing the experiment, we were able to partially create a piping
elbow (before). Partially, because the output that we have is not as expected. The
body of our output is not as cylindrical as it must be so after the initial
submission, we made adjustments and be able to make it more look like a
cylindrical-like body. Proper use and stroking of the tools are necessary to perfect
this part.
Also, we recommend that within the work of the shop exercise be cautious
since a slight mistake would make the shop exercise output be greatly
different with the expected one. Working with different tools and equipment must
be used with safety since it can cause injuries to users when not used properly.
Safety of one’s well-being is a priority when performing such tasks.

CAD Drawings
 Computations

Given:

Diameter = 1 1/8” (d)

Sides = 6 (n)

Circle Internal Angle = 360° (θ1)

Triangle Internal Angle = 180° (θ2)

Solutions:

Circle Inner Angle, θ3 = θ1 / n = 360° / 6 = 60° Equilateral

Triangle Inner Angle = 30°

Equilateral Triangle divided into two equal parts would result to two right triangles
having 30°, 60°, and 90°.

Using Pythagorean Theorem, let l be the length of the sides of the hexagon.