Exercises for the HVDC Training

Training Material

- Exercises -

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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Exercise 1: 6-Pulse Diode Rectifier

Start-up PowerFactory with your (training) user name and create a new project “Diode Rectifier” [1]
or similar. You can leave the name of the grid as it is or change it.

Entering the network:

• Enter the diode rectifier model as shown in Figure 1.

• Define a rectifier type with the following data:

Rectifier Type Data:

Rated AC-Voltage 110 kV

Rated DC-Current 1 kA
Nominal Turns-Ratio 1
Diode Converter
Built-In Transformer yes
Min. Turns-Ratio 0.9
Max. Turns-Ratio 1.1

• Use “Fixed Tap” for the converter transformer tap changer control.
• Set the DC-load current equal to 1kA
• The voltage source has a voltage set point of 1 p.u. and zero impedance.

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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DIgSILENT
DC-Bus Bar
150.00 kV

=
Infeed

V
~

DC - Load

Rectifier
110.00 kV
AC-Bus Bar

Exercise 1 Project: HVDC

Diode Rectifier Graphic: Grid
Date: 2/15/2003
PowerFactory 13.0.215 Annex: 1

Figure 1: Single Line Graphic of the Diode Rectifier

Ideal Rectifier:

• First set the commutation reactance equal to zero (0.001 Ohm)

• Calculate a load-flow
• Verify the results by a hand-calculation

Diode Rectifier with Commutation:

• Now set the commutation reactance equal to 5 Ohm

• Re-calculate the load-flow
• Verify the changes of the load-flow results by a hand-calculation
• Show the results of the angles alpha, gamma and the overlap angle in a separated textbox
• Also check the values of the angles by hand calculation

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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Exercise 2: 6-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier

Entering the network:

• Enter the thyristor rectifier model as shown in Figure 2.

• Define a rectifier type with the following data:

Rectifier Type Data:

Rated AC-Voltage 110 kV

Rated DC-Current 1 kA
Nominal Turns-Ratio 1
Nominal Firing-Angle 20deg
Thyristor Converter
Built-In Transformer yes
Min. Turns-Ratio 0.9
Max. Turns-Ratio 1.1

• Use “Fixed Tap” for the converter transformer tap changer control.
• Set the DC-load current equal to 1kA
• Set the DC-load voltage equal to 120kV and the internal inductance to 1000mH.

DIgSILENT
DC-Bus Bar

V
Infeed

V
~

DC-Load

Rectifier
32.87 deg
140.86 deg
6.27 deg
AC-Bus Bar

Exercise 2 Project: HVDC

Thyristor Rectifier Graphic: 6p thyristor
Date: 2/16/2003
PowerFactory 13.0.215 Annex: 1

Figure 2: Single Line Graphic of the Thyristor Rectifier

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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Thyristor Rectifier with Commutation:

• Set the commutation reactance equal to 10 Ohm

• Calculate the load-flow
• Also show the results of the angles alpha, gamma and the overlap angle in a separated
textbox
• Verify the load-flow results by a hand-calculation
• Check the values of the angles by hand calculation

Controlled Thyristor Rectifier:

• Enable automatic firing angle control.

• Set the control mode equal to ‘I’ and the current set-point to 1kA.
• Calculate the load-flow.
• Verify the load-flow results by a hand-calculation.

Exercise 3: 6-Pulse Thyristor Inverter

Controlled Thyristor Inverter:

• Operate the rectifier according to Example 2 as inverter by setting the DC-voltage to -120kV

• Delete the DC voltage source and replace it with a DC current source.

• Set the rated current of the DC source equal to 1kA.
• Has the set point of the current be set to 1p.u. or -1p.u.? Why?
• Change the firing angle control of the inverter to Vdc. Can the inverter control the voltage to
1p.u.?
• Check the upper limit of the DC voltage and verify the limit by hand-calculation. What
happens with the angles, when the inverter is reaching the voltage limit?
• Set the Voltage set point to 0.9p.u.
• Verify the load-flow results

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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Exercise 4: 12-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier/Inverter

12-pulse Bridge with separated DC buses:

• Enter the 12-pulse thyristor rectifier model and the 12-pulse inverter model as shown in
Figure 3 above using only ‘recitifiers/inverters with two DC-connections’

• The Earth connection is realized with a DC-voltage source (nominal voltage=1kV, voltage set-
point=0p.u.).
• The neutral terminal can be realized with a DC voltage von 1kV (zero is not possible).

• The nominal voltage of the DC-bus bar is now equal to 240kV.

• The nominal voltage of the intermediate DC-bus bar is equal to 120kV.
• Associate the rectifier type from the previous exercise to Rec1 and Rec2.
• Set the commutation reactance of all converters equal to 5 Ohm.

DIgSILENT
DC-Load DC - Curr..

V =

Rectifier Bus Bar Inverter Bus Bar

300.00 kV 240.00 kV
Rec2

Inv2
Rectifier Infeed

Inverter Infeed
V

V
~

~
Rec1

Inv 1

110.00 kV
110.00 kV

Earth
Inverter AC-Bus Bar
Rectifier AC-Bus Bar

Earth Inv

Exercise 3 Project: HVDC

12-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier Graphic: 12p-Rec-Inv
Date: 2/16/2003
PowerFactory 13.0.215 Annex: 1

Figure 3: Single Line Graphic of the 12-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier/Inverter

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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Rectifier Control:
• Set the control mode of Rec 2 equal to ‘I’ and the current set-point to 1kA.
• Set the control mode of Rec 1 equal to ‘EXT’ and refer to Rec2.
• Set the Phase Shift of the Rec2 converter transformer to 1.

• Set the rectifier-DC-load voltage equal to 240kV and the internal inductance to 1000mH.

Inverter Control:
• Set the control mode of Inv2 equal to ‘Vdc’ and the current set-point to -1 p.u.
• Set the control mode of Inv1 equal to ‘EXT’ and refer to Inv2.
• Set the Phase Shift of the Inv2 converter transformer to 1.

• Set the inverter-DC-current source equal to 1kA.

• Calculate the load flow.

Exercise 5: 12-Pulse HVDC Monopole

12-pulse HVDC System:

• Replace the DC-voltage source and the DC-current source by two smoothing reactors (series
Reactors) and the DC line.

Line data:

In 1 kA
Un 240 kV
R’ 0.05 Ohm/km
L’ 0.6 mH/km
C’ 0.03 uF/km
l 200 km

Smoothing Reactors: In=1kA, L=1000mH

In 1 kA
L 1000 mH

Analysis:

• Calculate a load-flow

Inverter Control:
• Set the control mode for the transformer tap changer of Inv1 and Inv2 to ‘gamma-control’
with a set point of 15°.
• Check the differences in the load-flow results. Therefore you can use the comparing of results
function.
• What is the advantage of reducing the extinction angle gamma with the tap?
• Show the current tap position in the textbox.
• How can you obtain the gammamin of 15°?

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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DIgSILENT
Line

Line Rec Line Inv

240.00 kV 240.00 kV

Reactor Rec

Reactor Inv
Rectifier Bus Bar Inverter Bus Bar
240.00 kV Rec2 240.00 kV

Inv2
Rectifier Infeed

Inverter Infeed
V

V
~

~
Rec1

Inv 1

110.00 kV
110.00 kV

Earth Rec

Inverter AC-Bus Bar

Rectifier AC-Bus Bar

Earth Inv

Exercise 3 Project: HVDC

12-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier Graphic: 12-p HVDC
Date: 2/16/2003
PowerFactory 13.0.215 Annex: 1

Figure 4: Single Line Graphic of the 12-Pulse HVDC Monopole

Exercise 6: 12-Pulse HVDC Bipole

12-pulse bipolar HVDC System:

• Enter the 12-pulse dipole model according to Figure 5.

• Set the parameters of the earth electrodes as follows: R=1 Ohm, L=10 mH
• Verify the model with a load flow calculation.

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]

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DIgSILENT
V =
V

V
~

Exercise 3 Project: HVDC

12-Pulse Thyristor Rectifier Graphic: 12-pulse-HVDC
Date: 2/14/2006
PowerFactory 13.2.320 Annex: 1

Figure 5: Single Line Graphic of the 12-Pulse HVDC Bipole

Training Course Documents [Last modified: 6/27/2007]