THEVENIN’S THEOREM

AIM: To verify Thevenin’s theorem.

APPARATUS:

S.No Meter Type Range Qty

1 Voltmeter MC 2
2 Ammeter MC 2
3 Rheostats WW R1 210Ω/2.3A 1
R2 100Ω/1.6A 1
R3 220Ω/1.2A 1
R4 70Ω/2.8A 1
R5 400Ω/1A 1
R6 220Ω/1.2A 1
4 Knife SPDT 1
switches
5 Fuse wire TCC 10Cms

THEORY:
Thevenin’s theorem states that, any liner network with output terminals A & B
can be replaced by a single voltage source ‘VTH ‘in series with a single resistance
‘RTH’. The Thevenin equivalent voltage VTH is the open circuit voltage measured
across the terminals A&B and the resistance RTH is the driving point resistance of
the network seen through the terminals A&B when all sources are replaced with
their internal resistances.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:-

Part 1:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram (Fig a).
2. Supply is taken by closing both the DPST switch.
3. Switch S is thrown to position 1 and the ammeter (A1) reading indicating the load
current (IL) is noted in the tabular column.
4. Now with switch S in open position, voltmeter (V2) reading is noted as Vth.
5. Switch S is thrown to position 2 and ammeter reading indicating the short circuit
current (ISC) is noted.
Part 2:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram (Fig b).

2. Supply is taken by closing both the DPST switch and keeping SPDT switch in
down position.
3. By varying the resistance (RTH), the current corresponding to thevenin’s
resistance value (i.e.VTH/Rth) is allowed to flow through the circuit.
4. Now SPDT switch is thrown onto upper position.
5. Varying the potential divider, thevenin’s voltage is applied and the corresponding
reading of ammeter (A3) indicating the load current is noted.
6. From the readings obtained, thevenin’s theorem is verified by using the model
calculations.

OBERVATIONS:-
S.No Test Condition Current
1. S thrown to position 1 IL=
2. S kept in open position VTh=
3. S thrown to position 2 ISC=
4 Load current in the thevenin’s IL=
Verification circuit
MODEL CALCULATIONS: In the original circuit,
IL = …..Amps VTh =………Volts

Rth =……Ohms
From the verification circuit
IL = VTh / (Rth + RL)
PRECAUTIONS:
1. All readings must be taken without parallax error.
2. All connections must be tight.
3. Power should be switched off before making or breaking connections.
4. All meters should be kept horizontally.
RESULT:

V (Thevenin) =…………Volts

IL in the original circuit =…………Amps

IL in the thevinen’s verification circuit =…………Amps