DIGITAL COMMS
The attenuation level in bounded
1. Digital communication is _______
to environmental changes?
a) Less sensitive
b) More sensitive
c) Does not depend
d) None of the mentioned
2. Advantages of digital
communication are
a) Easy multiplexing
b) Easy processing
c) Reliable
d) All of the mentioned
3. What is necessary for digital
communication?
a) Precision timing
b) Frame synchronization
c) Character synchronization
d) All of the mentioned
4. What are the disadvantages of
digital communication?
a) Needs more bandwidth
b) Is more complex
c) Needs more bandwidth & Is more
complex
d) None of the mentioned
5. Examples of digital
communication are
a) ISDN
b) Modems
c) Classical telephony
d) All of the mentioned
6. Which system uses digital
transmission?
a) ISDN
b) LANs
c) ISDN & LANs
d) None of the mentioned
7. The interval of frequencies
outside which the spectrum is zero
is called as ________
a) null to null bandwidth
b) normalized bandwidth
c) absolute bandwidth
d) none of the mentioned
8.
c) Square of frequency
power spectral density is
a) 35
b) 50
c) 35 & 50
d) none of the mentioned
9. Synchronization available in
digital communication are
a) Symbol synchronization
b) Frame synchronization
c) Carrier synchronization
d) All of the mentioned
10. Digital system includes
a) Better encryption algorithm
b) Difficult data multiplexing
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
PULSE CODE MODULATION
1. The signals which are obtained
by encoding each quantized signal
into a digital word is called as
a) PAM signal
b) PCM signal
c) FM signal
d) Sampling and quantization
2. The length of the code-word
obtained by encoding quantized
sample is equal to
a) l=log2L
b) l=log10L
c) l=2log2L
d) l=log2(L/2)
3. Quantization noise can be
reduced by ________ the number
of levels.
a) Decreasing
b) Increasing
c) Doubling
d) Squaring
4. In PCM encoding, quantization
level varies as a function of
________
a) Frequency
b) Amplitude
d) Square of amplitude
5. What is bit depth?
a) Number of quantization level
b) Interval between two quantization
levels
c) Number of possible digital values
to represent each sample
d) None of the mentioned
6. Choosing a discrete value that is
near but not exactly at the analog
signal level leads to
a) PCM error
b) Quantization error
c) PAM error
d) Sampling error
7. In PCM the samples are
dependent on ________
a) Time
b) Frequency
c) Quanization leavel
d) Interval between quantization
level
8. DPCM encodes the PCM values
based on
a) Quantization level
b) Difference between the current
and predicted value
c) Interval between levels
d) None of the mentioned
9. Delta modulation uses _____ bits
per sample.
a) One
b) Two
c) Four
d) Eight
10. Sample resolution for LPCM
____ bits per sample.
a) 8
b) 16
c) 24
d) All of the mentioned
SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION
1. Which signals are function of
time?
a) Random signal
b) Deterministic signal
c) Random & Deterministic signal
d) None of the mentioned
2. Auto-correlation function is a
a) Even function
b) Odd function
c) Even & Odd function
d) None of the mentioned
3. Shot noise occurs in
a) Transistors
b) Valves
c) Transistors & Valves
d) None of the mentioned
4. Source coding reduces
a) Redundancy
b) Average bit rate
c) Redundancy & Average bit rate
d) None of the mentioned
5. Delay element in delta
modulation acts as
a) First order predictor
b) Second order predictor
c) Third order predictor
d) Fourth order predictor
6. Non uniform quantization
includes
a) Compression
b) Expansion
c) Compression & Expansion
d) None of the mentioned
7. The quantization will be finer
when
a) Smaller the number of discrete
amplitudes
b) Larger the number of discrete
amplitudes
c) Does not depend on amplitudes
d) None of the mentioned
8. Different cases of sampling c) Sampler & Quantizer
include d) None of the mentioned
a) Ideal impulse sampling
b) Flat-topped sampling 16. Reconstruction filter is difficult to
implement in hardware.
c) Sampling with rectangular pulses
d) All of the mentioned a) True
b) False
9. Transmitted pulse becomes
distorted due to 17. Which process requires low
a) Ideal transmission characteristic pass filter?
b) Non ideal transmission a) Up-sampling
b) Down-sampling
characteristic
c) All of the mentioned c) Up-sampling & Down-sampling
d) None of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer 18. Decreasing the data rate is
10. In which mixing is easier? called as
a) Aliasing
a) Analog signal
b) Digital signal b) Down sampling
c) Up sampling
c) Analog & Digital signal
d) None of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned
11. Which filter does not have sharp 19. Original signal came to be
retraced from sampled version
output?
a) Linear phase filter using
a) Low pass filtering
b) Delayed symmetric filter
c) Linear phase & Delayed b) High pass filtering
c) Low & High pass filtering
symmetric filter
d) None of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned
20. The signal can be reconstructed
12. Using ARMA filter
a) Sampling can be done in real a) At Nyquist rate
b) Above Nyquist rate
time
b) Gives sharp output c) At & above the Nyquist rate
d) None of the mentioned
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
13. To avoid aliasing
a) Reduce the bandwidth
b) Cut out high frequency
c) Reduce the bandwidth & Cut out
high frequency
d) None of the mentioned
14. Which requires interpolation
filtering?
a) Up-sampler
b) D to A converter
c) Up-sampler & D to A converter
d) None of the mentioned
15. A to D conversion process uses
a) Sampler
b) Quantizer
SIGNAL AND NOISE
1. The term heterodyning refers to
a) Frequency conversion
b) Frequency mixing
c) Frequency conversion & mixing
d) None of the mentioned
2. The causes for error performance
degradation in communication
systems are
a) Interference
b) Electrical noise
c) Effect of filtering
d) All of the mentioned
3. Thermal noise in the
communication system due to
thermal electrons
a) Can be eliminated
b) Cannot be eliminated
c) Can be avoided up to some
extent
d) None of the mentioned
4. White noise has _______ power
spectral density.
a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Constant & Variable
d) None of the mentioned
5. Which are called as hard
decisions?
a) Estimates of message symbol
with error correcting codes
b) Estimates of message symbol
without error correcting codes
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
6. The filter which is used to recover
the pulse with less ISI is called as
a) Matched filter
b) Correlator
c) Matched filter & Correlator
d) None of the mentioned
7. The composite equalizing filter is
the combination of
a) Receiving and equalizing filter
b) Transmitting and equalizing filter
c) Amplifier and equalizing filter
d) None of the mentioned
8. The sample from the
demodulation process consists of
sample which is _______ to energy
of the received symbol and _____
to noise.
a) Directly and inversely
proportional
b) Inversely and directly
proportional
c) Both directly proportional
d) Both inversely proportional
9. The average noise power of
white noise is
a) 0
b) Infinity
c) 1
d) None of the mentioned
10. The channel may be affected by
a) Thermal noise
b) Interference from other signals
c) Thermal noise & Interference
from other signals
d) None of the mentioned
BANDPASS MODULATION
1. Wavelength and antenna size are
related as
a) λ/2
b) λ/4
c) 2λ
d) 4λ
2. The detection method where
carrier’s phase is given importance
is called as
a) Coherent detection
b) Non coherent detection
c) Coherent detection & Non
coherent detection
d) None of the mentioned
3. The coherent modulation
techniques are
a) PSK
b) FSK
c) ASK
d) All of the mentioned
4. The real part of a sinusoid carrier
wave is called as
a) Inphase
b) Quadrature
c) Inphase & Quadrature
d) None of the mentioned
5. Antipodal signal sets are those
vectors that can be illustrated as
a) Two 180 opposing vector
b) Two 90 opposing vector
c) Two 360 opposing vector
d) None of the mentioned
6. The FSK signal which has a
gentle shift from one frequency level
to another is called as
a) Differential PSK
b) Continuous PSK
c) Differential & Continuous PSK
d) None of the mentioned
7. Which modulation scheme is also
called as on-off keying method?
a) ASK
b) FSK
c) PSK
d) GMSK
8. In amplitude phase keying each
phase vector is separated by
a) 90
b) 0
c) 45
d) 180
9. The term heterodyning refers to
a) Frequency conversion
b) Frequency mixing
c) Frequency conversion & mixing
d) None of the mentioned
10. The transformation of the
waveform into a single point in
signal space is called as
a) Vector point
b) Predetection point
c) Preamplification point
d) Transformation point
MODULATION AND ENTROPY
1. PCM includes the process of
a) Amplitude discretization
b) Time discretization
c) Amplitude & Time discretization
d) None of the mentioned
2. For which quantization process is
used?
a) Amplitude discretization
b) Time discretization
c) Amplitude & Time discretization
d) None of the mentioned
3. Modulation process corresponds
to ______ the amplitude, frequency
or phase.
a) Switching
b) Keying
c) Switching or keying
d) None of the mentioned
4. Matched filter
a) Is a non linear filter
b) Produces maximum output SNR
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
5. Which has same probability of
error?
a) ASK and FSK
b) ASK and PSK
c) PSK and FSK
d) None of the mentioned
6. Which has higher error probability
performance?
a) Uni-polar base-band signalling
b) Bipolar base-band signalling
c) ASK
d) FSK
7. Time division multiplexing uses
a) High pass filter
b) Commutator
c) High pass filter & Commutator
d) None of the mentioned
8. In TDM, at the receiver end, ____
filter is used.
a) Low pass
b) High pass
c) Band pass
d) Band stop
9. Which provides more secure
communication?
a) CDMA
b) FDMA
c) TDMA
d) None of the mentioned
10. Entropy is the measure of
a) Randomness
b) Information
c) Randomness & Information
d) None of the mentioned
PAM, PWM & TDM
1. Flat top sampling of low pass
signals
a) Gives rise to aperture effect
b) Implies over sampling
c) Leads to aliasing
d) Introduces delay distortion
2. In a delta modulation system,
granular noise occurs when the
a) Modulating signal increases
rapidly
b) Pulse rate decreases
c) Pulse amplitude decreases
d) Modulating signal remains
constant
3. A PAM signal can be detected
using
a) Low pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter
4. Coherent demodulation of FSK
signal can be performed using
a) Matched filter
b) BPF and envelope detectors
c) Discriminator
d) None of the mentioned
5. The use of non uniform
quantization leads to
a) Reduction in transmission
bandwidth
b) Increase in maximum SNR
c) Increase in SNR for low level
signals
d) Simplification of quantization
process
6. Which of the following requires a
synchronizing signal?
a) Single channel PPM system
b) PAM
c) DM
d) All of the mentioned
7. A PWM signal can be generated
by
a) An astable multi vibrator
b) A monostable multi vibrator
c) Integrating a PPM signal
d) Differentiating a PPM signal
8. TDM is less immune to cross-talk
in channel than FDM.
a) True
b) False
9. In an ideal TDM system, the
cross correlation between two users
of the system is
a) 1
b) 0
c) Infinity
d) -1
10. TDM requires
a) Constant data transmission
b) Transmission of data samples
c) Transmission of data at random
d) Transmission of data of only one
measured
M-ARY MODULATION 8. Class B linear amplifiers have 5. Which is more simpler to
maximum power efficiency of implement?
a) 50% a) Direct sequence spread
1. In M-ary FSK, as M increases b) 75% spectrum
error c) 78.5% b) Frequency hopping spread
a) Increases d) None of the mentioned spectrum
b) Decreases c) Time hopping spread spectrum
9. Which has the maximum power d) None of the mentioned
c) Does not get effected efficiency?
d) Cannot be determined a) Class A 6. Which uses orthogonal codes?
2. In M-ary FSK as M tends to b) Class B a) Synchronous CDMA
infinity, probability of error tends to c) Class C b) Asynchronous CDMA
a) Infinity d) Class AB c) Synchronous & Asynchronous
b) Unity CDMA
10. Free space in idealization which d) None of the mentioned
c) Zero consists
d) None of the mentioned a) Transmitter 7. Which is more suitable when
3. For non coherent reception of b) Receiver large number of transmitters are
PSK _____ is used. c) Transmitter & Receiver used?
a) Differential encoding d) None of the mentioned a) Synchronous CDMA
b) Decoding b) Asynchronous CDMA
c) Differential encoding & Decoding c) Synchronous & Asynchronous
d) None of the mentioned CMDA CDMA
d) None of the mentioned
4. Which modulation technique 1. Some advantages of spread
have the same bit and symbol error spectrum are 8. CDMA rejects
probability? a) Low susceptibility a) Narrow band interference
a) BPSK b) Immunity to jamming b) Wide band interference
b) DPSK c) Reduced interference c) Narrow & Wide band interference
c) OOK d) All of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned
d) All of the mentioned 9. Frequency planning is very
2. Processing gain is the ratio of
5. An amplifier uses ______ to take message bandwidth to signal essential in
input signal. bandwidth. a) FDMA
a) DC power a) True b) TDMA
b) AC power b) False c) FDMA & TDMA
c) DC & AC power d) None of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned 3. Which is better for avoiding
jamming? 10. CDMA uses
6. Which has 50% maximum power a) Direct sequence spread a) Hard hand off
efficiency? spectrum b) Soft hand off
a) Class A b) Frequency hopping spread c) Hard & Soft hand off
b) Class B spectrum d) None of the mentioned
c) Class AB c) Time hopping spread spectrum
d) None of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned

7. Which generates high distortion? 4. Which is more bandwidth

a) Class A efficient?
b) Class B a) Direct sequence spread
c) Class C spectrum
d) Class AB b) Frequency hopping spread
spectrum
c) Time hopping spread spectrum
d) None of the mentioned
TDM & FDM
1. Which is based on orthogonality?
a) TDM
b) FDM
c) TDM & FDM
d) None of the mentioned
2. Which provides constant delay?
a) Synchronous TDM
b) Non synchronous TDM
c) Synchronous & Non synchronous
TDM
d) None of the mentioned
3. Random access is
a) Distributed
b) Fault tolerant
c) Distributed & Fault tolerant
d) None of the mentioned
4. Example of reservation system is
a) Synchronous TDM
b) Non synchronous TDM
c) Synchronous & Non synchronous
TDM
d) None of the mentioned
5. Reservation systems are useful
when
a) Delay is small
b) Delay is large
c) Delay is small or large
d) None of the mentioned
6. In slotted system, access is
a) Synchronous
b) Asynchronous
c) Synchronous & Asynchronous
d) None of the mentioned
7. In CSMA, collision window is
_____ to cable length.
a) Equal
b) Greater
c) Lesser
d) None of the mentioned
8. Which isolates collision?
a) Bridges
b) Routers
c) Bridges & Routers
d) None of the mentioned
9. Minimum packet size increases 6. In synchronous transmission,
as receiver must stay synchronous for
a) Speed increases a) 4 bits
b) Distance increases b) 8 bits
c) Speed & Distance increases c) 9 bits
d) None of the mentioned d) 16 bits
10. Which are non orthogonal 7. How error detection and
multiplexing? correction is done?
a) TDM a) By passing it through equalizer
b) FDM b) By passing it through filter
c) TDM & FDM c) By amplifying it
d) None of the mentioned d) By adding redundancy bits
8. Which is more efficient?
a) Parity check
ERROR DETECTION b) Cyclic redundancy check
1. In layering, n layers provide c) Parity & Cyclic redundancy check
service to d) None of the mentioned
a) n layer 9. Which can detect two bit errors?
b) n-1 layer a) Parity check
c) n+1 layer b) Cyclic redundancy check
d) none of the mentioned
c) Parity & Cyclic redundancy check
2. Which can be used as an d) None of the mentioned
intermediate device in between 10. CRC uses
transmitter entity and receiver a) Multiplication
entity? b) Binary division
a) IP router c) Multiplication & Binary division
b) Microwave router
d) None of the mentioned
c) Telephone switch
d) All of the mentioned
3. Which has comparatively high
frequency component?
a) Sine wave
b) Cosine wave
c) Square wave
d) None of the mentioned
4. Which has continuous
transmission?
a) Asynchronous
b) Synchronous
c) Asynchronous & Synchronous
d) None of the mentioned
5. Which requires bit transitions?
a) Asynchronous
b) Synchronous
c) Asynchronous & Synchronous
d) None of the mentioned