MetallurgyPlus Manual 3 2011 PDF

MATERIALS PLUS
Image Analysis Software

-------------------------------------------------- ▲ INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3601 E. 34th St. Tucson, AZ 85713 USA Tel. +1 520-882-6598 Fax +1 520-882-6599 email: pace@metallographic.com Web: http://www.metallographic.com
This instruction manual is

provided with each piece of
Last Updated September 3, 2014
delivered equipment.
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines.
MATERIALS PLUS
WARRANTY
Terms and Conditions applying to all PACE Technologies Products
1. LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER:

PACE Technologies Products are warranted for one year from the purchase date to be free from defects in
material and workmanship under correct use, normal operating conditions, and proper application. PACE
Technologies obligation under this warranty shall be limited to the repair or exchange, at PACE Technologies
option, of any PACE Technologies Product or part which proves to be defective as provided herein. PACE
Technologies reserves the right to either inspect the product at Buyer’s location or require it to be returned to
the factory for inspection. Buyer is responsible for freight to and from factory on all warranty claims. The
above warranty does not extend to goods damaged or subjected to accident, abuse or misuse after release from
PACE Technologies warehouse, nor goods altered or repaired by anyone other than specifically authorized
PACE Technologies representatives. PACE Technologies shall not in any way be responsible for the
consequences of any alteration, modification or misuse unless previously approved in writing by an officer of
PACE Technologies.
PACE TECHNOLOGIES MAKES NO EXPRESS WARRANTIES OTHER THAN THOSE WHICH ARE
SPECIFICALLY DESCRIBED HEREIN. Any description of the goods sold hereunder, including any
reference to Buyer’s specifications and any description in catalogs, circulars and other written material
published by PACE Technologies, is the sole purpose of identifying such goods and shall not create an express
warranty that the goods shall conform to such description.
THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR

IMPLIED. THERE ARE NO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MECHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THIS WARRANTY STATES PACE TECHNOLOGIES ENTIRE AND
EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY AND BUYER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY CLAIM FOR DAMAGES IN
CONNECTIONS WITH PACE TECHNOLOGIES PRODUCTS. PACE TECHNOLOGIES WILL IN NO
EVENT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, NOR FOR
ANY SUM IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE.
2. LIABILITY CAP:
PACE Technologies maximum aggregate liability for loss and damage arising under, resulting from or in
connection with the supply or use of the Equipment and Consumables provided under this purchase, or from
the performance or breach of any obligation (s) imposed hereunder, whether such liability arises from any one
or more claims or actions for breach of contract, tort, (including negligence), delayed completion, warranty,
indemnity, strict liability or otherwise, unless otherwise limited by the terms hereof, shall be limited to one
hundred percent (100%) of the purchase price.
3. DELIVERY:
Customer assumes and shall bear the risk of all loss or damage to the Products from every cause whatsoever,
whether or not insured, and title to such Products shall pass to Customer upon PACE Technologies delivery of
the Products to the common carrier of Pace Technologies choice, or the carrier specified in writing by
Customer, for shipment to Customer. Any claims for breakage, loss, delay, or damage shall be made to the
carrier by the Customer and Pace Technologies will render customer reasonable assistance in prosecuting such
claims.
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines. ii
MATERIALS PLUS
4. ACCEPTANCE:
Customer shall inspect the Products promptly upon receipt of delivery. Unless customer objects in
writing within thirty (30) business days thereafter, customer shall be deemed to have accepted the
Products. All claims for damages, errors, or shortage in Products delivered shall be made by Customer in
writing within such five (5) business day period. Failure to make any claim timely shall constitute
acceptance of the Products.
5. PAYMENT:
Customer agrees to provide timely payment for the Products in accordance with the terms of payment set
forth on the reverse side hereof or in any proposal submitted herewith. If any payment is not paid on or
before its due date, Customer shall pay interest on such late payment from the due date until paid at the
lesser of 12% per annum or the maximum rate allowed by law.
6. DEFAULT:
If Buyer is in default (including, but not limited to, the failure by Buyer to pay all amounts due and
payable to Seller) under the work or purchase order or any other agreement between Buyer and Seller,
Buyer’s rights under the warranty shall be suspended during any period of such default and the original
warranty period will not be extended beyond its original expiration date despite such suspension of
warranty rights.
7. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS:
This agreement has been made in and shall be governed by the laws of the State of Arizona. These terms
and conditions and the description of the Products on the reverse side hereof or in any proposal submitted
herewith constitute the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to this sale and
supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, inducements or representations,
expressed or implied, written or oral, between the parties with respect hereto. Any term or provision of
this Agreement may be amended, and any observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived, only
by a writing signed by the party to be bounds. The waiver by a party of any breach shall not be deemed
to constitute a waiver of any other breach. Should suit be brought on this Agreement, the prevailing party
shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs of suit including costs and
attorneys’ fees incurred on appeal or in collection of any judgment.
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines. iii
MATERIALS PLUS
Contents
PAGE
Introduction i
Warranty ii
1.0 Installing Materials Plus Software 1
2.0 Running Materials Plus Software 5
3.0 Materials Plus ICONS 6
4.0 Capturing Image 8
5.0 Calibration 11
6.0 Application Modules 13

-6.1 Measurement 13
-6.2 Particles Measurement 19
-6.3 Segmentation 23
-6.4 Grain Size Analysis 29
-6.5 Decarburization 64
-6.6 Nodularity 69
-6.7 Flake 77
-6.8 Coating Thickness 80
-6.9 Inclusion 93
-6.10 Porosity 96
-6.11 Report 103
Appendix A - Updating embedded MShot camera drivers 105
Appendix B - Useful Image Processing Features 108
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines. iii
MATERIALS PLUS
1.0 Installing Materials Plus Software

1. Open Materials Plus software
2. Double click on Material Plus Setup > Click on NEXT
Click on
NEXT
3. Click on accept agreement
Click on
NEXT
Please read this instruction manual carefully and follow all installation, operating and safety guidelines. 1
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4. Follow instructions
Click on
NEXT
Click on
Install
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5. Click on USB Dog Driver

-Install Driver
- Exit
Click on Finish
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MD50 camera should also be loaded (may need to wait a several seconds)
Check Device Manager to see if MD50 camera is installed
Type in Device Manager and check that MD50 camera is installed (if not please contact your IT support
team
Do not need to load MC30 camera – Cancel
Select Yes
Cancel
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Select Yes
Continue loading software – NEXT
Continue clicking NEXT - FINISH
Click Finish again to Launch program
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2.0 Running Materials Plus Software
To start program, double click on Materials Plus Icon
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3.0 Materials Plus ICONS
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CRTL R - toggles bar scale on / off for image capture
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4.0 Capturing Images

4.1 Embedded Camera’s
We have embedded a number of M-Shot camera’s into the software. These camera’s can be initialized by
“Start Camera” and selecting the camera from the drop down list (note if MSHOT camera software drivers
need to be updated see Appendix A for more information).
1. Capture>Capture/Display>Start Camera
2. Capture>Capture/Display>Select Source
For MD50 camera -

select MSHOT MC50 Verify camera is
functioning properly
3. Capture>Capture/Display>
-Set Capture size
-Set Capture format
Image format (resolution)
Capture size (screen)
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4.2 Other Camera’s
1. To set-up camera Capture > TWAIN Select Source

2. To acquire image Capture > TWAIN Acquire
To Open a Saved Image

3. File > Open (select image)
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5.0 Calibration
Calibration
1. Capture scale with microscope in the x-axis direction for each objective
2. Save to identify x-axis and objective magnification (e.g. 40-X-axis)
3. Repeat for y-axis direction at each magnification
4. Open objective image to calibrate File > Open. Open both X-axis and Y-axis images
Select calibration ICON
Enter Calibration Name

Select Scale Mode
From drop down menu select magnification
Select Calibration along X-axis or Y-axis
Using image in calibration screen center cursor over
hash mark and click and hold the left cursor button, drag
to next hash mark and release left cursor
Enter Scale X length
Go to other axis image and repeat

Save
NOTE: Delete any older calibrations with the same

name as the program does not overwrite the
calibration
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OK
REPEAT for other objective magnifications

To open correct calibration, select from the Calibration Name, drop down box at the bottom center of the
screen
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6..0 Application Modules

6.1 Measurement
Measurement:
1. Straight line: Distance between two end points of a straight line
2. Angle: Degrees between two straight lines
3. Curved Length: Length of an irregular object
4. Area: Area of an enclosed shape, outline with any one of the tools provided in the software.
5. Radius: Click on three points on the boundary of the object to get the circle radius.
6. Perimeter: Length of the line surrounding an object.
7. Area by Key: Area of a surface, measured by a line draw in by the arrow keys of the keyboard
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image where the measurements are to be done.
2. Select the appropriate saved calibration at the bottom of the page in the drop down combo box.
3. Click on the Measurement icon either from the Toolbar or from the
Menu-bar.
4. A dialogue box will open
5. Select a parameter to be measured from the drop down combo box.
6. Make measurement
7. Click on Report to save and view measurements in Report Tool.
8. The Sample information Window will appear. Fill in the required information.
9. Click on EXCEL to send the measurements into Microsoft Excel
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10. Click on DELETE ALL to delete all of the measurements in the grid.
11. Click on DELETE to delete the selected measurement from the grid.
12. Click on EXIT to exit from the Measurement module.
LENGTH:
Click on the left button of the mouse on the starting point of the object and drag the clicked mouse to the
last point. Zoom Preview is available to identify the two points.
CURVED LENGTH:
Move the clicked mouse smoothly on the object and release the button on the last point. The moment the
mouse is released, the results will be displayed.
ANGLE:
Click three points on the object to get an angle between two lines.
RADIUS:
Click on three points on the boundary of the object to get the circle radius.
PERIMETER:
Draw a line around the object and release the mouse when the original starting point is near. The line
automatically meets the original coordinates (starting point) and the result gets displayed immediately.
AREA:
Four tools are available to outline the object to be measured. These are Rectangle, Circle, Free Hand Line
Movement and Arrow Keys. Zoom Preview is available for the line movement.
Rectangle: This is a tool to get an approximate and quick area of the object which is rectangular in
shape or fits in rectangle. Draw a rectangle from the upper left corner to the bottom right corner.
Circle: This is applicable to circular objects and is useful to get an approximate and quick result.
Draw a circle, which encloses the object. The moment you release the button of the mouse, results are
displayed.
Freehand: Useful for irregular shaped objects. Outline precisely the object and release the left button
of the mouse when the line is near to the starting coordinates (starting point). The line will
automatically meet the starting point to enclose the area of the object. Results are displayed once the
button of mouse is released.
Area By Keyboard: This tool is controlled with the help of the four arrow keys provided on the
keyboard. Since Zoom Preview is available, move lines precisely pixel by pixel with the help of the
arrow keys. The line should be drawn on the outer boundary of the object. To start the line, press the
left button of the mouse. Use arrow keys to change the direction of the line. Once the line joins the
starting point, press the ENTER key. The result gets displayed.
Angle between two lines: Draw two lines on the edges of the object to know the angle between them.
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Example: Length measurement
Step 1:
File > Open (select image) or Capture > TWAIN Acquire (for live image)
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Step 2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window
Step 3-4. Select measurement by clicking on Measurement icon or

Measurement toolbar and choosing measurement.
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Step 5. Select Length Measurement, which opens up the following box
Step 6. Make measurement by Clicking and dragging from point A to point B on image (use box in
Measurement screen for magnified image of cursor positioning for more accurate positioning)
Repeat for multiple measurements
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Steps 7-9.Generating Reports.
Send TO EXCEL to create a report in Microsoft Excel.
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6.2 Particle Measurement

This command is related to various measurements of a specific particle to be identified on the basis of its
gray scale / intensity range. This has to be either defined by the user or can be automatically determined by
the software on the basis of its preset limits. The objects need to have gray scale / intensities different than
the background.
Selection of Objects:
Three options are provided to specify the gray scale/ intensity range that defines the objects to be identified
and counted.
MANUAL: Select this option if you want to manually mark the intensity range in the count window.
AUTO BRIGHT: Select this option if you want the software to automatically set the gray scale / intensity
range for the objects to be identified. This option will assume that these objects are brighter than the
background.
AUTO DARK: Select this option if you want the software to automatically set the gray scale / intensity
range for the objects to be identified. This option will assume that these objects are darker than the
background.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for particle measurements.
2 Select the appropriate saved calibration scales from the drop down list at the bottom of the Window
3. Click on the Particle icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Choose “Automatic Bright” or “Automatic Dark” to select what to detect objects with the
background being the opposite. Choose “Manual” if you want to manually threshold (fill with red
color) the particles. A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both the scroll bars till
all the particles are properly pseudo colored (filled with the color red).
5. The moment the dialogue box opens dark particles are selected by default (in most cases Brightfield
illumination is used to obtain the image)
6. Move the mouse to the object of interest. Click the left button on the mouse to obtain the results.
7. The procedure can be repeated an unlimited number of times to obtain the results on the other
particles of interest.
8. The results are displayed in a grid. The available measurements are:
-Length
-Width
-Area
-Aspect ratio
-Roundness
-Shape
-Orientation
-Elongation
-Equal circular diameter
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-Equal spherical volume

-Centroid X
-Centroid Y
-Major X
-Minor X or Y
-Box area
9. The color and font of the tagged numbers on the image can be changed in the palette box for “FONT &
COLOR”
10. To save the report to the report too, click on REPORT
11. A sample information window will appear. Fill the required information. Click on “Save Data For Report
Tool”
12. Click on “TO EXCEL” to see the result in Excel.
EXAMPLE of Particle Measurement
Step 1:
Step 2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window
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3. Click on the Particle icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Choose “Automatic Bright” or “Automatic Dark” to select what to detect objects with the background
being the opposite. Choose “Manual” if you want to manually threshold (fill with red color) the particles.
A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both the scroll bars till all the particles are
properly pseudo colored (filled with the color red).
5. The moment the dialogue box opens dark particles are selected by default (in most cases Brightfield
illumination is used to obtain the image)
6. Move the mouse to the object of interest. Click the left button on the mouse to obtain the results.
8. The procedure can be repeated an unlimited number of times to obtain the results on the other particles of
interest.
9. The results are displayed in a grid. The available measurements are:
-Length
-Width
-Area
-Aspect ratio
-Roundness
-Shape
-Orientation
-Elongation
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-Equal circular diameter

-Equal spherical volume
-Centroid X
-Centroid Y
-Major X
-Minor X or Y
-Box area
10. The color and font of the tagged numbers on the image can be changed in the palette box for “FONT &
COLOR”
12. A sample information window will appear. Fill the required information. Click on “Save Data For
Report Tool”
13. 13. Click on “TO EXCEL” to see the result in Excel.
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6.3 Segmentation
Segmentation is a method of image partitioning based on the intensity / gray scale range of its componets.
Since a phase is detected and its area is estimated on the basis of its intensity/ gray scale, an option for
delineating phases from the histogram is provided. Multiple phases are identified by colored overlays and
can be simultaneously displayed in the same field of view. The results and images displayed get stored in the
industrial standard automatically.
To distinguish the phases filters like despeckle, smoothing etc can be used before doing the phase analysis.
A histogram for gray scale images is created once you open the Segmentation Module. The X-axis
represents intensity scale between 0-255. The Y-axis represents number of pixels in the image.
HISTOGRAM: Phase allows the user to designate up to ten different threshold settings to identify material
phases and name each of these phases. The color between two lines signifies a particular phase.
INTENSITY: The gray scale/ intensity range of the current phase gets displayed continuously in the
dialogue box.
SELECTED PHASE: This property enables the user to obtain the percentage area of a specific range of
intensity just by clicking the mouse. All previous operations have to be deleted and Preview should be on
None.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for segmentation analysis.
2. Select the appropriate saved calibration scales from the drop down list at the bottom of the Window
3. Click on the Segmentation icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. The intensity distribution (histogram) for the current image will appear.
5. The histogram will have one movable line. The line can be adjusted. To move this line, place the
cursor over the line and click the left mouse button. The cursor will change into a directional arrow.
Drag the line to the new position by moving the mouse with the left mouse button pressed. Release
the left mouse button at the new position.
6. Click NEW for the second phase. A second line will appear. The color of the second phase can be
changed with a mouse click on the color box; otherwise, a default color will appear.
7. The second line can be adjusted in the same as before in step 5. Repeat the procedure for the
additional phases.
8. Press DELETE to delete the last phase.
9. To restart the entire operation, click RESET.
10. The nomenclature for each phase can be changed by clicking on EDIT.
11. Results are displayed in percentage area and total area of each phase.
12. Click on any phase to change the name.
13. To plot the data click on GRAPH
14. To show the result of a single phase automatically, click on the specific phase of interest and click on
SELECTED PHASE. The results will appear and can be printed.
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16. A sample information window will appear. Fill the required information. Click on “Save Data For Report
Tool”
EXAMPLE of Segmentation
1. File > Open (select image) or Capture > TWAIN Acquire (for live image)
2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window
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3 Click on the Segmentation icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. The intensity distribution (histogram) for the current image will appear.
5. The histogram will have one movable line. The line can be adjusted. To move this line, place the cursor
over the line and click the left mouse button. The cursor will change into a directional arrow. Drag the
line to the new position by moving the mouse with the left mouse button pressed. Release the left mouse
button at the new position.
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6. Click NEW for the second phase. A second line will appear. The color of the second phase can be
changed with a mouse click on the color box; otherwise, a default color will appear.
7. The second line can be adjusted in the same as before in step 5. Repeat the procedure for the
additional phases.
8. Press DELETE to delete the last phase.
9. To restart the entire operation, click RESET.
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10. The nomenclature for each phase can be changed by clicking on EDIT.
11. Results are displayed in percentage area and total area of each phase.
12. Click on any phase to change the name.
13. To show the result of a single phase automatically, click on the specific phase of interest
(CURRENT) and click on SELECTED PHASE. The results will appear and can be printed.
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14. To plot the data click on GRAPH

Report Tool”
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6.4 Grain Size Analysis
6.4.1 Grain - Comparison Method
Grain size comparison is a method for determining the grain size by comparing specimen image to
standardized charts. Grain size charts from 1 to 8 are included with this software package.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for grain size measurement.
3. Click on the Grain Size icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Grain Comparison method.
5. Different grids with numbers from 1 to 8 are available. Impose various grids and choose the one that
matches best to the captured image. The grain size will be reported accordingly. Note that the image
should have a magnification of 100X in order to obtain a valid comparison.
6. To save the report, click on REPORT
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – Comparison Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Grain Comparison method.
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5. Different grids with numbers from 1 to 8 are available. Impose various grids and choose the one
that matches best to the captured image. The grain size will be reported accordingly. Note that the
image should have a magnification of 100X in order to obtain a valid comparison.
6.

Report Tool”
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6.4.2 Grain - Manual Method
Individual grain size can be determined by tracing the outline of a specific grain.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Manual method.
5. To find the grain size for an individual grain, first click and drag a line on the boundary of the grain
with the mouse. The moment the mouse is released, the line automatically joins to the starting point.
The grain number is automatically calculated.
6. To add data click on ADD.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – Manual Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Manual method.
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5. To find the grain size for an individual grain, first click and drag a line on the boundary of the grain
with the mouse. The moment the mouse is released, the line automatically joins to the starting
point. The grain number is automatically calculated.
6. To add data click on ADD.

Report Tool”
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6.4.3 Grain Selection Method
Individual grain sizes can be determined by area by selecting a specific grain.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Grain Selection method.
5. Click on SET THESHOLD. A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both scroll bars
till all the boundaries are properly pseudo colored (filled with red). Click on OK.
6. Select the grain by clicking the mouse in the middle of the grain. The Grain Number is automatically
calculated and the corresponding data will appear in the text box.
7. To delete the data from the data grid, click on DELETE ALL. To undo previous operations, click on
UNDO.
Report Tool”
10 Click on “TO EXCEL” to see the result in Excel.
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – Selection Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select Grain Selection method.
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5. Click on SET THESHOLD. A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both scroll bars
till all the boundaries are properly pseudo colored (filled with red). Click on OK.
6. Select the grain by clicking the mouse in the middle of the grain. The Grain Number is automatically
calculated and the corresponding data will appear in the text box.
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7. To delete the data from the data grid, click on DELETE ALL. To undo previous operations, click on
UNDO.
Report Tool”
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6.4.4 Grain - ALA Grain Method

ASTM E930 is used to measure the grain size for materials with very large grain structures when there are not enough
grains to use ASTM E112. For example, galvanized coatings can have very large grain structures. This standard
determines the largest observed grain in the sample, often referred to ALA (as large as) grain size.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select ALA Grain method.
5. Click on SET THRESHOLD. A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both scroll bars
until all of the boundaries are properly pseudo colored (filled in red). Click OK.
6. Click on MEASURE. Detailed results of each grain are displayed in the data grid. Every grain will
acquire a different color according to its size. Click on COLOR DISTRIBUTION to obtain the color
chart for each size.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – ALA Grain Size Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select ALA Grain method.
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until all of the boundaries are properly pseudo colored (filled in red). Click OK
6. Click on MEASURE. Detailed results of each grain are displayed in the data grid. Every grain will
acquire a different color according to its size. Click on COLOR DISTRIBUTION to obtain the color
chart for each size.
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Report Tool”
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6.4.5 Grain - Manual Circle Method

This method is particularly well suited for measuring austenitic grain size of high alloy steels in general and specially for
high alloy tool steels.
This method is recommended by ASTM for samples which have a poor etch, as well as for samples where the boundaries
are either darker or less dark. In both cases the Automatic Method is not recommended for these samples.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select MANUAL CIRCLE ASTM method.
6. Click DRAW CIRCLES. Three circles appear on the image.
7. Click the mouse on the points of the grain boundaries which are intercepting (touching) the circular
lines. Small circles are formed once you click the mouse on an individual point.
8. Once all the points of the grain boundaries are marked, click APPLY. The average grain size is
calculated automatically and is displayed.
9. Click ADD to place in grid.
10. To save the report, click on REPORT.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – MANUAL CIRCLE ASTM Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select MANUAL CIRCLE ASTM method.
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5. Click on SET THRESHOLD. A new platform with two scroll bars will appear. Move both scroll
bars until all of the boundaries are properly pseudo colored (filled in red). Click OK.
6. Click DRAW CIRCLES. Three circles appear on the image.
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7.Click the mouse on the points of the grain boundaries which are intercepting (touching) the circular
lines. Small circles are formed once you click the mouse on an individual point.
8.Once all the points of the grain boundaries are marked, click APPLY. The average grain size is
calculated automatically and is displayed.
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Report Tool”
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6.4.6 Grain - Manual Line Method
This method is particularly well suited for measuring austenitic grain size of high alloy steels in general and specially for
high alloy tool steels.
This method is recommended by ASTM for samples which have a poor etch, as well as for samples where the boundaries
are either darker or less dark. In both cases the Automatic Method is not recommended for these samples.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select MANUAL LINE ASTM method.
6. Click DRAW INTERCEPTS. Several intercepts appear on the image.
lines. Small circles are formed once you click the mouse on an individual point. Continue the
procedure until all the points are marked.
8. Click on MEASURE. The software will automatically measure the distance between the points. The
average grain size will be displayed.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – MANUAL LINE ASTM Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select MANUAL LINE ASTM method.
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6. Click DRAW INTERCEPTS. Several intercepts appear on the image.
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lines. Small circles are formed once you click the mouse on an individual point. Continue the
procedure until all the points are marked.
8. Click on MEASURE. The software will automatically measure the distance between the points. The
average grain size will be displayed.
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Report Tool”
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6.4.7 Grain - Automatic Circle Method
Automated Circle grain size analysis is a fast and convenient method for grain boundaries that are well defined through
proper polishing and etching.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select AUTOMATICCIRCLE ASTM method.
6. Click on DRAW INTERCEPTS. Three circles of different radius (as per ASTM guidelines) are drawn
according to the calibration selected. The software will automatically calculate the distance between
interceptions on the three circles. The average grain number is calculated and displayed.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – AUTOMATICCIRCLE ASTM Method
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4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select AUTOMATIC CIRCLE ASTM method.
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6. Click on DRAW INTERCEPTS. Three circles of different radius (ASTM guidelines) are drawn
according to the calibration selected. The software will automatically calculate the distance between
interceptions on the three circles. The average grain is calculated.
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Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
6.4.8 Grain - Automatic Line Method
Automated Line grain size analysis is a fast and convenient method for grain boundaries that are well defined through
proper polishing and etching.
PROCEDURE:
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select AUTOMATICLINE ASTM method.
6. Click MEASURE. Several lines will be drawn automatically and the software will perform the
calculations.
7. If the number of lines has to be increased or decreased for your application, go to No. of Lines and
change the number.
8. The angle of the lines can also be changed from 1 to 90 degrees. This may be required for elongated
grains.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – AUTOMATICLINE ASTM Method
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Grain Size Measurement dialogue box will open. Select AUTOMATIC LINE ASTM method.
MATERIALS PLUS
6. Click MEASURE. Several lines will be drawn automatically and the software will perform the
calculations.
MATERIALS PLUS
7. If the number of lines has to be increased or decreased for your application, go to No. of Lines and
change the number.
8. The angle of the lines can also be changed from 1 to 90 degrees. This may be required for elongated
grains.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
MATERIALS PLUS
6.5 Decarburization
This module measures the depth or width of decarburization (for example when carbon is burnt from the surface of a steel
during heat treating). As the decarburized surface layer can influence the properties of the finished product, it is important
to be able to analyze it.
Compared with traditional manual techniques, this method can provide a significant improvement in laboratory
productivity. The method is based on ASTM E-1077.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for the decarburization measurement.
3. Click on the Decarb icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Choose the radio tab for
-Complete Decarb
-Partial Decarb
-Total Decarb
5. Activate PARTIAL DECARB. Draw a line from the starting point to the end point of the partial
decarb zone on the captured image.
6. Activate COMPLETE DECARB. Draw a line from the starting point to the end point of the compete
decarb zone on the captured image. A blue line displays the width of the partial decarb and the red
line represents the complete decarb width.
7. Click on TOTAL DECARB. The total of both the partial and complete decarb is displayed in the
results window for field 1.
8. Repeat steps 5-7 to add more fields.
9. If you only require the complete decarb measurement, activate COMPLETE DECARB.
10. Draw one or more lines on the compete decarb layer.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Grain Size – DECARBURIZATION
MATERIALS PLUS
3. Click on the Decarb icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Choose the radio tab for

-Complete Decarb
-Partial Decarb
-Total Decarb
5. Activate PARTIAL DECARB. Draw a line from the starting point to the end point of the partial
decarb zone on the captured image.
MATERIALS PLUS
6. Activate COMPLETE DECARB. Draw a line from the starting point to the end point of the compete
decarb zone on the captured image. A blue line displays the width of the partial decarb and the red
line represents the complete decarb width.
7.Click on TOTAL DECARB. The total of both the partial and complete decarb is displayed in the results
window for Field 1.
8. Repeat steps 5-7 to add more fields.

9. If you only require the complete decarb measurement, activate COMPLETE DECARB.
10. Draw one or more lines on the complete decarb layer.
Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
MATERIALS PLUS
6.6 Nodularity
This module is designed to analyze spheroidal graphite (nodules) in cast iron. The nodules are separated from non-nodules
on predefined spherodicity. Nodules acquire blue color and non-nodules a coded in red. Nodules form (designated by
Roman numbers from I to VI) and size (designated by Arabic numbers 1 to 8) are reported along with the calculated
nodules/sq mm.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the cast iron image for nodularity measurement.
3. Click on the Nodularity icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Click on ANALYSIS and a new dialogue box for Roundness Limit is displayed. The present range for
roundness highlights the nodules as blue and non-nodules with red. If the results are not satisfactory,
move the lines until the nodules are separated from non-nodules. Click OK.
5. Click ADD to add additional data fields.
6. To display the measurements select NODULARIY, DIAMETER (1-8) or FORM (I-VI).
7. To show the range, click on RANGE (area, roundness, perimeter/area)
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Cast Iron Nodularity Measurement
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Click on ANALYSIS and a new dialogue box for Roundness Limit is displayed. The present range
for roundness highlights the nodules as blue and non-nodules with red. If the results are not
satisfactory, move the lines until the nodules are separated from non-nodules. Click OK.
MATERIALS PLUS
6. To display the measurements select NODULARIY, DIAMETER (1-8) or FORM (I-VI).
Nodularity
Diameter (shape)
MATERIALS PLUS
Type
7. To show the range, click on RANGE (area, roundness, perimeter/area)

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
MATERIALS PLUS
6.6.1 Nodularity - Selected Area
Noduarity – Selected Coating is a method for reducing the area for the image analysis or ROI (reduction in image).
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for analysis.
3. Select the Nodularity measurement feature
4. Select radio button “Selected Part”
5. Click and drag box around area of interest
6. Adjust left and right thresholding bars to choose area.
Select Nodularity
Measurement
Click on “Selected
Part” radio button and
draw a rectangle around
the area of interest
Click on Report
MATERIALS PLUS
Set thresholding
or detection range
Click on OK to generate data for

1st field, repeat for additional
fields
Nodularity Data
MATERIALS PLUS
Excel Report
MATERIALS PLUS
6.7 Flake
This module is designed to analyze graphite flake length, width, distribution and percentage in gray cast iron as per ASTM
A-247-67.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the gray cast iron image for flake measurement.
4. Three options are available to identify graphite flakes for further analysis:
-MANUAL
-AUTOMATIC DARK
-AUTOMATIC BRIGHT
5. Automatic Bright and Automatic Dark have present intensity ranges to identify the flakes. If all the
necessary flakes do not automatically fill with the color red, change to the MANUAL detection mode
and adjust the threshold scroll bars until all the flakes are pseudo-colored. Click OK.
6. After setting the intensity range, click MEASURE. The results are displayed in the grid.
7. To analyze the flake type, choose AUTOMATIC from Flake Type in the window. Flake Type Results
will show the percentage of Type A,B,C,D,E and Combined.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Cast Iron Flake Analysis
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Three options are available to identify graphite flakes for further analysis:
-MANUAL
-AUTOMATIC DARK
-AUTOMATIC BRIGHT
5. Automatic Bright and Automatic Dark have present intensity ranges to identify the flakes. If all the
necessary flakes do not automatically fill with the color red, change to the MANUAL detection mode
and adjust the threshold scroll bars until all the flakes are pseudo-colored. Click OK.
6. After setting the intensity range, click MEASURE. The results are displayed in the grid.
MATERIALS PLUS
7. To analyze the flake type, choose AUTOMATIC from Flake Type in the window. Flake Type
Results will show the percentage of Type A,B,C,D,E and Combined.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
6.8 Coating Thickness
6.8.1 Coating Thickness - Pseudo Color Method

The Coating Thickness – Pseudo color method quickly measures the thickness or width of a sample coating at multiple
locations. Compared with conventional manual techniques, this module provides a significant improvement. Not only
does it have greater sample throughput, it also increases measurement repeatability. The results are presented by mean,
minimum and maximum widths.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the coating thickness image for analysis.
3. Click on the Coating Thickness icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Open Pseudo Color Method tag.
5. Choose either HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL line as per image position.
6. Click on SELECT
7. A set Range dialogue box will appear with two cursors. Move these cursors until the desired
thickness is detected.
8. Click on OK.
9. Click on ADD to place data into grid.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Coating Analysis – Pseudo Color Method
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Open Pseudo Color Method tag.
5. Choose either HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL line as per image position. The analysis lines will be
drawn in the direction selected.
MATERIALS PLUS
6. Click on SELECT
7. A set Range dialogue box will appear with two cursors. Move these cursors until the desired
thickness is detected.
8. Click on OK.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
6.8.2 Coating Thickness - Parallel Line Method

The Coating Thickness – Parallel Line method is suitable for measuring the width of a layer which cannot be distinguished
on the basis of the gray scale from the background of the other layers. Two straight lines are used to approximate the
borders of the coatings.
PROCEDURE:
4. Open PARALLEL Method tag.
5. Choose Orientation of the coating.
6. Click on SELECT
7. A new dialogue box with two cursors will appear. Two lines will be placed on the image. Move the
first line to the front edge of the coating and then move the second line to the back edge of the
coating. Click OK.
8. The thickness of the layer will be displayed.
9. Click ADD to transfer the results to the grid.
10. Repeat for 5-8 for additional layers.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Coating Analysis – Parallel Line Method
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Open PARALLEL Method tag.
5. Choose Orientation of the coating. Line will be drawn in the direction selected.
MATERIALS PLUS
6. Click on SELECT
7. A new dialogue box with two cursors will appear. Two lines will be placed on the image. Move the
first line to the front edge of the coating and then move the second line to the back edge of the
coating. Click OK.
8. The thickness of the layer will be displayed.
MATERIALS PLUS
9. Click ADD to transfer the results to the grid.

10. 10. Repeat for 5-8 for additional layers.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
6.8.3 Coating Thickness - Trace Method

The Coating Thickness – TRACE method is a more accurate method that the parallel line method in case a layer cannot
be separated on the basis of color intensity form the other coatings in the image.
PROCEDURE:
2. Select the appropriate saved calibration scales from the drop down list at the bottom of the Window.
4. Open TRACE Method tag.
5. Activate USING MOUSE button.
6. Click on DRAW TRACE (draw both lines do not cancel to proceed-see next step)
7. A new dialogue box with instructions will appear.
8. Click left and hold mouse button at the starting point of the upper part of the first coating layer. Drag
the clicked mouse slowly to the end of the layer.
9. Similarly click and hold the left button on the mouse at starting point of the next coating layer,
dragging the mouse to the end of the second layer. This will automatically draw the MAX & MIN
thickness points and display the results in the grid.
10. To transfer the data for the first coating to the grid click ADD
11. If additional layers are required repeat steps 5-9.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Coating Analysis – Trace Method
MATERIALS PLUS
4. Open TRACE Method tag.
MATERIALS PLUS
5. Activate USING MOUSE button.
6. Click on DRAW TRACE (draw both lines do not cancel to proceed-see next step)
7. A new dialogue box with instructions will appear.
8. Click left and hold mouse button at the starting point of the upper part of the first coating layer. Drag
the clicked mouse slowly to the end of the layer.
9. Similarly click and hold the left button on the mouse at starting point of the next coating layer,
dragging the mouse to the end of the second layer. This will automatically draw the MAX & MIN
thickness points and display the results in the grid.
MATERIALS PLUS
10. To transfer the data for the first coating to the grid click ADD
11. If additional layers are required repeat steps 5-9.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
MATERIALS PLUS
6.8.4 Coating Thickness - Selected Area

The Coating Thickness – Selected Area is a method for reducing the area for the image
analysis or ROI (reduction in image).
PROCEDURE:
2. Select the appropriate saved calibration scales from the drop down list at the
bottom of the Window
3. Click on the “Selected Coating” from the Measurement drop down box
8. Choose horizontal or vertical measurement lines.
MATERIALS PLUS
6.9 Inclusion
Using Material Plus software the user can identify the following types of inclusions:
Sulfide Type (A-type)

Alumina Type (B-type)
Silicate Type (C-type)
Globular Type (D-type)
Each type is further classified into Thin and Heavy based on the width parameters.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the inclusion image for analysis.
3. Click on the Inclusion icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Click SET THERSHOLD. A new window will pop open. Adjust the lines to set the minimum and
maximum range for the threshold. Click OK.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Inclusion Analysis
MATERIALS PLUS
3. Click on the Inclusion icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Click SET THERSHOLD. A new window will pop open. Adjust the lines to set the minimum and
maximum range for the threshold. Click OK.
MATERIALS PLUS
Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
6.10 Porosity
The porosity module recognizes and measures the porosity of a material according to ASTM B276. The number of pores
is counted along with their percentage and min/max perimeter and area for each pore.
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the porous sample image for analysis.
3. Click on the Porosity icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar
4. Click AUTOMATIC to have the software determine the pores. Click SET THRESHOLD to set the
intensity range manually. Adjust the lines in the pop up window until all of the pores have been
properly detected with the pseudo color. Press OK.
5. To display the porosity results, click on DISPLAY RESULT.
7. To see a graphically representation of the data, click on GRAPH.
Report Tool”
EXAMPLE of Porosity Analysis
Porous sample Image
MATERIALS PLUS
3. Click on the Porosity icon either from the Toolbar or from the Menu-bar.
4. Click AUTOMATIC to have the software determine the pores. Click SET THRESHOLD to set the
intensity range manually. Adjust the lines in the pop up window until all of the pores have been
properly detected with the pseudo color. Press OK.
MATERIALS PLUS
5. To display the porosity results, click on DISPLAY RESULT.
6. 6. Click on ADD to place data into grid.
7. To see a graphically representation of the data, click on GRAPH.

Report Tool”
MATERIALS PLUS
MATERIALS PLUS
6.10.1 Porosity - Selected Area

Porosity – Selected Area is a method for reducing the area for the image analysis or ROI (reduction in image).
PROCEDURE:
1. Load the image for analysis.
3. Select the Porosity measurement feature
Select Porosity
Measurement
Set threshold to Click on “Selected

detect porosity Part” radio button and
draw a rectangle around
the area of interest
MATERIALS PLUS
Click on Result
button
Displays result for

field just measured,
repeat for additional
fields
MATERIALS PLUS
Excel Report
MATERIALS PLUS
6.11 Report Tool
REPORT TOOL
The Report Tool is used to customize reports.
1. To open the report tool viewer go to Reports > Reports Viewer
2. Report Format Window will open. Predefined formats are available or a NEW blank format can be created.
-Select: this command is used for selecting any object in the report or deselecting the options which are already
selected.
-Text: this command is used to add text to the report. To add text, choose Text option from the Draw menu
and click on the report. A test area with a blinking cursor will appear. Start typing. If the area does not
increase while typing, drag the text area by clicking on the surrounding dots of the test area.
-Line: this command is used to draw a line in the report. Choose Line option from the Draw menu and start
dragging the mouse in report. It will draw the lines. Double click to deselect tool.
-Arrow: this command is used to draw an arrow in different angles in the report tool. Choose Arrow option
from the Draw menu. An arrow window will appear, where the user can change and select different
properties and parameters of an arrow, such as height, width, hollow or transparent; direction – up, down,
left, right, and color of the arrow. After selecting this command, go to the report and click the left mouse
button in the place where you want to have an arrow. To deselect the arrow command, go to the draw menu
and choose select. The arrow can also be rotated after drawing it in the report from the Edit menus.
-Ellipse: this command is used to draw an elliptical shape in the report. Go to the Draw menu, choose
Ellipse and start dragging the mouse to draw an ellipse. Double click to deselect tool.
-Rectangle: this command is used to draw a rectangle shape in the report tool. Go to the Draw menu, choose
Rectangle and start dragging the mouse to draw a rectangle. To deselect the tool just double click.
-Highlight: this command is used to draw a highlighted transparent yellow rectangular area to highlight any
object. Go to Draw menu, choose Highlight and start dragging. Double click to deselect tool.
-Stamp: this command is used to draw various stamps such as Approved, Checked, etc., which can be
chosen from the stamp’s sub menu. Go to Draw menu, Stamp option and chose the stamp. After choosing,
drag the mouse on the report, it will draw the stamp. Double click to deselect tool .
-Add Header: this command is used to add a textual message on the top of the report as a header. Go to Draw
menu, choose Add Header. In the report page drag to draw and add the text. Double click to deselect tool.
-Add Footer: this command is used to add a textual message on the bottom of the report as a footer. Go to
Draw menu, choose Add Header. In the report page drag to draw and add the text. Double click to deselect
tool.
MATERIALS PLUS
Delete Draw Tools

To delete all the tools above select the object and right click. Choose delete from the pop-up menu. The items
can also be removed in the Edit > Del or by pressing Ctrl+Del.
Resizing Draw Object

To resize draw object, select the objects. Dots will appear around the object. Place the mouse over one of the
dots and drag the mouse to resize the object.
Changing the Color of Line Objects

The color of objects such as lines, ellipses and rectangles can be changed by drawing and selecting the object >
go to the Object menu > select line color. A Color Picker window will open and the user can change the color.
Press OK to accept the change.
Changing the Width of Line Objects

The width of lines, ellipses and rectangles can be changed by drawing and selecting the object > go to the Object
menu > select line width. A Line Property window will open and the user can change the pixel size. Press OK
to accept the change.
Changing the Layer Position of Objects

The report consist of layers which allows objects to be position in front or in back of other objects. To modify or
change the layer Select the Object > go to the Object menu > select Move to Front, Move to Back, Move
Forward, or Move Backward.
Inserting Pages
By default the Report Tool is a single paged document, however extra pages can be inserted by going to Pages
>Insert After or Insert Before. To insert a page after the current page Choose Insert After. To insert a page
before the current page Choose Insert Before.
Navigating Between Multiple Pages

If the document has more than one page, navigate through the pages by going to the Menu Bar Pages Menu .
Click on Next Page or Previous Page or click on the double arrows on the Toolbar
Adding Signature to the Report Tool

This command allows the addition of a scanned bitmap signature. Go to Edit Menu > Add Signatures. A dialog
box will open to locate the signature. Click and drag to position.
Adding a New Organization to the Report Format

By default there is one organization in the report format dialog box. To add an additional organization go to Edit
Menu > Organization Info. And fill in the information in the dialog box.
MATERIALS PLUS
Appendix A - Updating embedded MShot camera drivers
Step 1: Open Device Manager by typing “Device Manager” in Search programs and files
Step 2:
- Insert MSHOT Camera CD Disk
- Plug in the USB cable to the camera
-Double click on “Image Devices” or camera name
MATERIALS PLUS
Step 3: Click on Update Driver
Step 4: Locate drivers on CD/DVD or download from www.M-shot.com
Click on NEXT
Install driver
MATERIALS PLUS
Step 5: Reboot computer
MATERIALS PLUS
Appendix B - Useful Image Processing Features
Adjusting image contrast, brightness and other parameters (camera)

Capture image
Adjust parameters
MATERIALS PLUS
Adjusting image contrast (image)
Adjustment bar
MATERIALS PLUS
Sharpening image features
Adjustment bar

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MATERIALS PLUS

Image Analysis Software

This instruction manual is

1. LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER:

THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR

1.0 Installing Materials Plus Software 1

2.0 Running Materials Plus Software 5

3.0 Materials Plus ICONS 6

4.0 Capturing Image 8

6.0 Application Modules 13

Appendix A - Updating embedded MShot camera drivers 105

Appendix B - Useful Image Processing Features 108

1.0 Installing Materials Plus Software

2. Double click on Material Plus Setup > Click on NEXT

3. Click on accept agreement

5. Click on USB Dog Driver

Do not need to load MC30 camera – Cancel

Continue loading software – NEXT

Continue clicking NEXT - FINISH

Click Finish again to Launch program

2.0 Running Materials Plus Software

To start program, double click on Materials Plus Icon

3.0 Materials Plus ICONS

CRTL R - toggles bar scale on / off for image capture

4.0 Capturing Images

For MD50 camera -

Image format (resolution)

Capture size (screen)

4.2 Other Camera’s

1. To set-up camera Capture > TWAIN Select Source

To Open a Saved Image

Select calibration ICON

Enter Calibration Name

Go to other axis image and repeat

NOTE: Delete any older calibrations with the same

REPEAT for other objective magnifications

6..0 Application Modules

Example: Length measurement

Step 2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window

Step 3-4. Select measurement by clicking on Measurement icon or

Step 5. Select Length Measurement, which opens up the following box

Steps 7-9.Generating Reports.

Send TO EXCEL to create a report in Microsoft Excel.

6.2 Particle Measurement

-Equal spherical volume

EXAMPLE of Particle Measurement

Step 2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window

-Equal circular diameter

15. To save the report to the report too, click on REPORT

2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window

14. To plot the data click on GRAPH

15. To save the report to the report too, click on REPORT

6.4 Grain Size Analysis

6.4.1 Grain - Comparison Method

EXAMPLE of Grain Size – Comparison Method

2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window

6. To save the report, click on REPORT

8. Click on “TO EXCEL” to see the result in Excel.

6.4.2 Grain - Manual Method

EXAMPLE of Grain Size – Manual Method

2. Select Calibration scale at bottom of the Window

6. To add data click on ADD.

9. Click on “TO EXCEL” to see the result in Excel.