EARTH SCIENCE MIDTERMS 3.

Mulch and Compost method- can be done at home;

Composting compost
Human activities and the environment 4. Source Reduction- method of designing,
manufacturing, purchasing, using and reusing materials
to reduce waste
Ecosystem Services
5. Recycling- collecting throwaway materials and turn
them to useful products
• Environment- Everything that surrounds living
The Resource Cycle
organisms including physical and biological  Process involving the transformation of raw material
factors into a usable or consumable product and its disposal
• Ecosystem- interaction of organisms with both  Starts with extraction, then processing of materials,
transport, manufacture to new products and deliver
biotic and abiotic factors
or purchased by consumers.
• Ecosystem services- direct and indirect Waste Management
contributions of the ecosystem to human • Waste management Hierarchy options- Reduce
survival and quality 0f life waste at the source, reuse and recycle materials and
bio composting.
1. Support Services- cycling of vital nutrients such as
nitrogen and phosphorus; support services include
decomposition of organic matter, cycling of water and
production of primary materials.
2. Provisioning services- provide basic needs for survival--
- air, water, shelter, food and energy
Ecosystem Services
3. Regulating services- regulate climate, hazards and
diseases through carbon sequestration
4. Cultural Services- nonmaterial benefits like spiritual
enrichment, cultural heritage, recreation, tourism,
aesthetic experiences
Human activities
• Human activities directly affect ecosystems, these
include:
• Land usage, introduction of invasive species,
resource exploitation and pollution
• Urbanization, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural
activities
Human Activities, Waste and Waste Management
• Solid waste- made of particles that
accumulate on the site that they are
produced.
Accd. to the National Solid Waste Management Commission,
single Metro Manila resident generates 0.70kg of solid waste
per day.
Types of wastes:
1. Municipal waste- materials that the community no longer
wants; commercial establishments, institutions and some
industrial sources.
2. Agricultural waste- from farming and poultry; organic
3. Industrial solid waste- industrial sources except mining
4. Mining waste- tailings from milling operations; rocks and
soil
Methods of Waste Disposal
1. Landfill- cheapest and most convenient method
2. Incineration- burning through incinerator