Final Examination

in

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Yolando Guinto

Mondriaan Aura College

1. What are nanomaterials and how are they made?
Nanomaterials are types of materials that are use for making or innovating different set of objects

and these materials are small in sized just like paper. Nanomaterials are important because it can

use in some other ways and just like any materials, nanotechnology can also made by human or it

also exist by nature. Now, how nanomaterials are made? Some scientist and experts stated how

nanomaterials was made, they stated that nanomaterials and/or nanoparticles are formed through

either the breaking down of larger particles or by controlled assembly processes.

2. What are the factors that need to be considered before manufacturing materials through

nanotechnology?

Nanomanufacturing is the way in which the materials are developed and innovate more products

to make something into realistic and to help rebuild the situation in many aspects. Now, the

factors that need to be considered before manufacturing materials through nanotechnology are

the bottom-up fabrication in which manufactures products by building them up form atomic and

molecular scale. And the last one is the top-down fabrication in which it is responsible for

trimming down large pieces of materials into monoscale

3. What are the contributions of nanotechnology for the improvement and sustainability of

our environment?

Base on the context that I read, the contribution of nanotechnology in the environment are the

improvement of detection and removal of contaminants and development of benign industrial

process and materials. Yes it is simple but this thing can help to develop the environment and

especially it can make more innovations for the improvement and faster development of our

environment.
Recent innovations or advancement in nanotechnology in different countries

USA: NANOSHELL

The nanoshells are a little like Hershey’s Milk Duds. But the “candy” center is made of silica, and

the outside is a gold shell instead of chocolate. The researchers designed the shells to absorb

specific wavelengths of light, such as those in the near-infrared-light range. And they have coated

the shells with antibodies that bind to cancerous cells in culture.

The nanoshells are small enough to travel through the human bloodstream and could theoretically

be injected into a patient. Each shell is roughly 100 nanometers in diameter; a nanometer is one-

billionth of a meter.
 SINGAPORE: Ink Making Spurs the Advent of New-age Devices

Behind these innovations is nanotechnology, which involves the use of small-sized membranes,

tubes, and components that can be used for a variety of purposes. Currently, its use has been

popularized within the healthcare and electronics industry. Nanotubes ensure that minute

quantities can be delivered at the designated place, in a highly specific manner.

 CANADA: New Biomaterial

Catherine Hockmuth of UC San Diego reports that a new biomaterial designed for repairing

damaged human tissue doesn't wrinkle up when it is stretched. The invention from nanoengineers

at the University of California, San Diego marks a significant breakthrough in tissue engineering

because it more closely mimics the properties of native human tissue. Shaochen Chen, professor

in the Department of NanoEngineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, hopes

future tissue patches, which are used to repair damaged heart walls, blood vessels, and skin, for

example, will be more compatible with native human tissue than the patches available today.
 SINGAPORE: THEMOPOWER

MIT scientists at MIT have discovered a previously unknown phenomenon that can cause powerful

waves of energy to shoot through minuscule wires known as carbon nanotubes. The discovery

could lead to a new way of producing electricity. The phenomenon, described as thermopower

waves, “opens up a new area of energy research, which is rare,” says Michael Strano, MIT’s

Charles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, who was the senior

author of a paper describing the new findings that appeared in Nature Materials on March 7, 2011.

The lead author was Wonjoon Choi, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering.
 JAPAN: NANOBUBBLE WATER

Tadayuki Imanaka, professor of the College of Life Sciences at Ritsumeikan University, launched

on December 3, 2010, a set of demonstration experiments aimed at using a nano-bubble (NB)

generator to reduce water pollution in a natural pond at the university's Biwako-Kusatsu Campus

in Shiga Prefecture. A nano-bubble is a microscopic air bubble less than one micrometer in

diameter.