Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Literature
language barrier between different tribes. The cavemen use symbols to communicate and
to express what they think and feel in their daily life. Their means of recording the events,
The oldest and known art carvings are found in the caves of the Philippines, an
example of this was the Angono Petroglyphs located in the province of Rizal. The
Petroglyphs have a human and animal stick figures as a symbol and was carved on a
horizontal pattern on the rock wall. There are one hundred twenty-seven figures engraved
on the rocks and only about fifty of them were distinct types that assumed to be done by
countless individuals. Also, the symbolic representations of these figures were from their
Before, during the pre-hispanic times, artworks from different forms such as
pottery, textiles, tattoos, anitos, ornament, jewelry etc. These artworks can be used for
many purposes just like religion or simply using them for functional and physical aspects.
Proto-art galleries before was introduced to exhibit artworks during the Spanish
culture, and it is the start of the proto-art galleries in the Philippine history. Example of
proto-art galleries before are churches that were built with paintings, sculptures, etc. that
makes art only exists through religious purposes from the beginning of Spanish
Other facilities that are similar to an art gallery during the Spanish era were found
in workshops, and in the Parian, it was the first mall and employment agency in the
Philippines. There are different kinds of craftsman that available that do commissions of
different artworks. According to the NCCA (2015), as the progression in the Philippine art
The struggle for Philippine Art from the book of Purita Kalaw-Ledesma and Amadis
Guerrero, was about the quest of Philippine Art for international recognition but it was
discontinued by the problems such as funding the structures and facilities, as well as
Communities emerged with realizations, that a museum Is not only for a place for
exhibition but also a place for a good source of education, enjoyment, entertainment and
empowerment. Due to the war, many of the artworks were destroyed and some of them
were recovered, these collections were the reason to encourage high art, and started
After that, different artists gained interests to different forms of art, especially in
expressive idioms. They adopted the techniques of abstract paintings and use different
approach to create their own original piece. This started the new development on the
artistic environment.
The Art Association of the Philippines and it was the first organization for visual artists
that began their exhibitions and establish themselves in small studios, they were called
1950, nurtured the seed of modern art in the Philippines. In this small shop in Ermita
street, artists and writers would see each other regularly. (Zerrudo, 2015)
Then, different art forms from past to present was increasing that different popular
“A year after the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) was reorganized in 1986,
the Coordinating Center for the Visual Arts (CCVA) was instituted to encourage art
expressions based on theory and praxis rather on commercial motives, move the artistic
experience closer into the mainstream of society and enhance this experience for both
the artist and his audience. Along with the creation of the CCVA, the former CCP Museum
(established in 1969) was reorganized into Contemporary Art museum of the Philippines
(CAMP) and was tasked to undertake studies on all forms of current visual expressions
through exhibitions and fora. The CAMP maintains the art holdings of the CCP, most of
which were acquired when the CCP absorbed the permanent collection of the Museum
“In 1986, the original goal of the Metropolitan Museum of Manila to showcase world
art was enhanced with the implementation of new bilingual, didactic and holistic
approaches to museum exhibitions. Shows of foreign art are now complemented with
Philippine Traditional Cultures which was inaugurated in 1972 under the auspices of the
PANAMIN (Presidential Arm for National Minorities). It reopened in 1986 under the new
Different museums were authorized to branch out different museums in the country
to achieve their goal on bringing the museum closer to the people. Aside of this was
historical creation of NCCA, National Commission for Cultural and the Arts, because it
handles the development and dissemination of Culture in the Philippines, also to promote
the audience to interact with exhibition components to heighten their enjoyment and to
facilitate their learning process. Exponents of this format are the Science Centrum (1992)
Ecomuseums are community learning centers that link the past with the
present as a strategy to deal with future needs of the particular society.” (Zerrudo, 2015).
“This period of museums for all describes the continued increase in number of
research on the collection and the audience, to consider the Philippine milieu and to
design appropriate services to maximize the impact on the people. The movement is a
discernment process that begins with introspection and reflection and later creation and
evolution. The realization is not only on the appropriate museum technology but on the
Zerrudo end his article by his conclusion “The development of Philippine museums
in the past ninety-eight years has been from tradition to innovation. In the early stage,
museums conformed to the orthodox framework- as institutions that collect and exhibit
material culture for the education of humanity. In recent years, museums have become
Philippine museum history, conditions of government support for the arts, freedom of
artistic expression, and private patronage of the arts provided conducive environment for
the museums’ growth and transformation. Museums will continue to exist and evolve as
in Public Galleries
The analysis that people discussed in art museums has less awareness of
interpreting the art itself. Each appearance of art changes through time, and different
analysis from people will be identified, depending on how the art is seen by them.
Part of the intended meaning of the space as it has been arranged is to be
minimally visible, unobtrusive; this is how the expository agent, including its authority,
make itself visible. (Mieke Bal) According to Albert Levi, he describes the Frick as ‘‘a
experience, a virtual embodiment of the idea of the art museum as an exclusive assembly
of nothing but masterpieces.” Once you look, then you will find many such interpretations
by description.
The interpretation of the people is diverse as the art historians, which build a
2.6. Fine art publicity: The complete guide for Galleries and Artist
useful and helpful for the artists to market their own work. The role of the gallery, museum,
or artist are not recognized because of the occurrence of Internet, Social Media,
Technologies and Mass-marketing techniques. But the trend will increase by the help of
the technologies it can be developed throughout all areas of artworld, especially there’s
The level for public relations activity, can be used to implement strategies that an
helpful in setting an objectives and strategies to have success in marketing each artist’s
works.
Publicity is an effective way to introduce your artwork and masterpiece to the
public, they will be familiar through different arts and it will help them appreciate the
importance of art, Also, it will help to build confidence to the artist to continue and pursue
its passion.
“In the old days, when the artworld had more purity, collectors seldom even saw
the artist. Now collectors want to have some fun, they want to show off art and the artist.
—John Alexander, quoted in Paul Gardner’s article, “How to Succeed (By Really Trying),”
ARTnews
It can also make a meaningful connection to the artist and the non-artist, that may
encourage them and change their perspective about the negative things they say about
arts. It will help to promote the art and will create a new role through the world of art.
Public Museum and Galleries, can be a space for understanding the meaning,
As contact zones, public museums and art galleries can present a façade of
motionlessness, passivity and indifference, yet they can also actively shape “our most
basic assumptions about the past and about ourselves” (Marstine, 2006, p. 1)
Museum honor their history, traditions, and culture through collections of objects
that connects the new generation audiences to let them know and understand the past.
They will replace the traditional museum experience into a contemporary, that produce
Also, politics has been a problem to the imagined sanctity of art, that result
that vibrant artworks and artefact die. Art and cultural institutions suggest an unconditional
bias toward prevailing forces of social power through highly selective representational
practices, but there have always been ruptures through experimentations, and a
The interpretation of the tangible and intangible of art through the culture, and
how it relates to the politics of personhood, the role of the museum in the discursive
Criteria are used of many people nowadays to know the value of art or work, from
“remember” about the past, or to feel what is the art all about or its meaning. Each one of
us has different views and perspective about the artworks but it helps us understand and
Museums, or galleries not only display or show art but show the history or culture
through these objects made by visual artists. Not only it will save the art by the artists bus
also to promote and strengthens one’s appreciation in art and how important it is to us.
Each artist has its own style and methods of doing their arts, the difference only of
these works indicates that the very truth and meaning as well as the authentic value of
these objects as art, which tends to be taken for granted, can in fact be changed or even
“It has become a commonly accepted truth that the meanings attributed to objects
are not inherent to the objects themselves. Rather, the meanings that are associated with
any item or work of human creation are the result of cultural and historical processes
drawing and printmaking that we can see in every museum, galleries etc. and that we get
excited to view each art piece that evolve from the past and the present. There are also
different new media’s today such as 3D installations, animations, films, video etc. that
Every place from the history until now has its own art styles that they create to
form their arts that people from differently places admired. These arts serve as their
identity or character, that make the place known for. Creativity is a primal ability of each
human being that evolves through time that creates a more diverse art styles and art
These art collections from different ages were displayed on each museum to help
people understand and know each artist and their arts. New technologies have become
a great tool for the artists creativity to create a wide range of art pieces that can be
displayed and viewed in museum or galleries. This will help the people to learn as well as
to enjoy the experience of different works of arts and to help the artists to create more
and to inspire and share more of their creative sides to the people not only in their country
Putting up more art-related structures will also help the people to value arts and
the efforts of each artists. Even though it needs a lot of financial assistance to create,
preserve, conserve and protect these art works, the power of art can be enjoyed by the
generation today, and by the future generations. Creativity will continue to progress and
improve to the future by the means of technology and it will continuously create a more
diverse works of art that people will remember everyday of their life.
The Facebook group was created on the 24th of May, in the year 2016. The
creators of the said guild plan to put a local organization that will conduct and cater art
related projects across the Rinconada Bikol Area. But, instead of having a local
organization, they want to make it national that will incorporate large scale initiatives.
Different activities, contests, segments, conventions etc. were held by the said
Aside from the financial problems before, and later answered by support from
different firms, they also have private businesses and more members started to help by
lending different kinds of support from money to different services. They also manage to