Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oidores And, For Criminal Cases, Alcaldes de Crimen
Oidores And, For Criminal Cases, Alcaldes de Crimen
- One of the laws promulgated by the indies promulgated by the Spanish crown was to require conquered inhabitants to
pay tribute in recognition of the Spanish sovereignty.
* Before - One family paid tribute amounting to eight reales or one peso. If unmarried one-half tribute
* In 1589 - it was increased one-half tribute
* In 1851 - increased to twelve reales
* In 1884 - abolished and was replaced with a personal cedula tax.
● Bandala - natives were coerced to sell their harvest to the government at very low price.
● POLO - the dehumanizing labor where the Spanish government required all male healthy and physically able between ages
15-60 to render service for forty days.
● POLISTAS - the natives who rendered forces labor.
● FALLA - a fee given to Spaniards to become exempted in rendering labor force.
● Obras Pias - a foundation where money from trade was invested and appropriated to be given to charitable institutions.
● Diezos prediales - a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land.
● Donativo de Zamboanga - it was introduced in 1635, a tax specifically used for the conquest of jolo.
● Vinta - a tax paid by the people of some province along the coast of western luzon for the defense of the coast from
muslim pirates, who raided the Visayas and Luzon for “Slaves” that they need on overseas trading.
- The early printers were engravers and at the same time who were trained by Spanish missionaries.
* Tomas Pinpin
* Jose Dela Cruz(Husing Sisiw 1746-1829)
* Francisco Baltazar(1789-1862)
(On Religion)
With the help of the soldiers, the missionaries easily conquered territories of the colony and converted the natives
to Christianity.
The various missionaries who used their religious influence to facilitate the teaching of Gospel and propagation of Catholic
Christian faith were
* the Augustinians(1565)
* the Franciscans(1577)
* the Jesuits(1581)
* the Dominicans(1587)
* the Recollects(1606)
(On Social Results)
The Filipino conversion to Christianity inevitably meant the adoption of fiesta as a socio-religious event celebrating the
feast of the patron saint of the Catholic town as an occasion of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest and other blessings.
(On Education)
- In 1863, the Spanish government enacted and implemented an educational reform primarily
designed to improve the state of education throughout the archipelago.
- The decree provided for the establishment of at least one school for boys and one for
girls in every town.
- The decree also provided for the establishment of a normal school for male teachers
under the supervision of the Jesuits and created a commission of eight
members headed by the Governor General.
Miguel Lopez De Legazpi who was the first governor general of the Philippines, from 1565-1572. He will always be remembered
for his diplomacy with the natives. At a time of rigid racial discrimination, Legazpi desired that Spaniards and native Filipinos to live
together as one community. He is also remembered for founding the cities of Manila and Cebu.
Jose Basco y Vargas(1778-1787). He laid the foundation of the agricultural progress of the Philippines by adopting economic
programs designed to make colony financially independent from Mexico. He established the “Economic Society of the Friends of
the Country”, an organization which helped much in the development of agriculture in the Philippines. In 1782, he established the
tobacco monopoly, and in 1784, he issued a decree which prohibits creditors from seizing farm equipment of farmer debtors and
their artistry during the planting and harvesting seasons.