Project Name

Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing

Element Number F1

Done By
YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

DESIGN OF SINGLE ISOLATED RECTANGULAR FOOTING (S.I. UNIT)

Insert fc' = 28 Mpa

Insert fy = 420 Mpa
Insert the concrete density = 2400 Kg/m³
Insert one of columns side dimensions c1 = 45 cm
Insert other columns side dimensions c2 = 45 cm
Insert one of footings side dimensions B = 2.6 m
Insert axial ultimate load (Kg) = 304000 Kg
Axial service load (Unfactored = Ultimate load / 1.5) = 202666.7 Kg
Insert base of footing below the final grade (in meter) = 1.22 m
Insert the allowable soil pressure q(all.) = 2.4 Kg/cm²
Insert Soil density = 1600 Kg/m³

Effective Soil Pressure

Assume total depth of footing = 0.6 m
Therefore, the weight of footing = 1440 Kg/m²

Weight of soil on top of the footing

Soil densityxSoil height above = 992 Kg/m²
Effective Soil Pressure = 21568 Kg/m²

Area of the footing

Area of the footing = Serface Load / Effective soil pressure
Area of the footing = 9.396637 m²
Then side of footing = 3.614091 m Take L = 3.7 m

Net upward pressure

qu = Ultimate load / Area of footing
qu = 32352 Kg/m²

Depth due to 2-way shear

Assume bar No. = 18
Then bar diameter = 18 mm
Insert footing cover = 7.5 cm
Then, d = 507 mm
bo = 3828 mm
Vu2 = Pu - qu(c1+d)(c2+d)
Vu2 = 274370.5 Kg

Effective depth for 2-way shear = Largest from d1 & d2

Bc = 1.423077 ratio of long to short side of footing

d1 = Vu2 / (0.33x0.85xSQRT(fc')xbo) when Bc<2

d1 = 12Vu2 / (0.85(2+4/Bc)xSQRT(fc')xbo) when Bc>2
d2 = 12Vu2 / (0.85x((αsxd/bo)+2)xSQRT(fc')xbo)
αs = 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns & 20 for corner columns

Insert αs = 40

d1 = 482.8959 mm
d2 = 262.0333 mm d (req.) = 482.8959 mm

Page 1 of 8
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1

Done By
YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

Page 2 of 8
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1

Done By
YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

Depth due to 1-way shear

Distance from edge of footing = 1.118 m
Vu1 = 94040.79 Kg for short direction = 67990.96 Kg
Depth of 1-way shear d = Vu1 / (0.85x0.17xSQRT(fc')xb)
d(req.) = 473.038 mm

Controlling depth, d = 507 mm

Design steel reinforcement in the longitudinal direction

The critical section is at the face of the support.
Distance from the edge of footing = (L/2 - c/2)
L/2 - C/2 = 1.625 m
Mu = 0.5 x qu x (L/2-c/2)^2 xb = 111058.4 Kg.m
Ru = Mu / (b x d^2) = 166173.6 Kg/m²
ρ = (0.85fc'/fy)x(1-SQRT(1-(2Ru/(0.85x0.85fc')))) = 0.004863
As = ρ x b x d = 6410.965 mm²
[Shrinkage] As(min.) = 0.0018 x b x h = 2808 mm²
[Flexure] As(min.) = 0.0033 x b x h = 4350.06 mm²

Then As = 6410.965 mm²

Insert Bar No. = 24
Then bar diameter = 24.33 mm
Use 14 of Bar No. 24 Spacing = 18.84615 cm

Design steel reinforcement in the short direction

L/2 - C/2 = 1.075 m
Mu = 69165.54 Kg.m
Ru = 72723.06 Kg/m²
Row = 0.002075
As = 3892.592 mm²
[Shrinkage] As(min.)= 3996 mm²
[Flexure] As(min.) = 7326 mm²

Then, As= 3996 mm²

Insert Bar No. = 18
Then bar diameter = 18 mm
Use 16 of Bar No. 18 Spacing = 16.33333 cm

Checking Bearing Stress

a) Bearing strength N1 @ the base of column
N1 = 0.7x0.85xfc'xA1 Where A1 = area of the column
N1 = 337365 Kg
b) Bearing strength N2 @ the top of footing
N2 = N1 x SQRT(A2/A1) <= 2N1 Where A2 = area of the footing
SQRT(A2/A1) = 6.892472
Then N2 = 674730 Kg
Pu should be greater than N1 for bearing stress to be adequated
Checking: Bearing stress is adequate

Page 3 of 8
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1

Done By
YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

Design of Dowels
Minimum area of dowels required = 0.005xA1 = 1012.5 mm²
The Minimum number of bars = 4
Insert Bar No. = 18
Then bar diameter = 18 mm Use 4 of Bar No. 18
Placed @ the four corners of the column

45 cm

Reinf. Details Long Direction

Column Neck

Dowels
4 of Bar No. 18
1.625 m

60 cm R.C. Footing

3.7 m
14 of Bar No. 24

45 cm

Reinf. Details Short Direction

Column Neck

Dowels
4 of Bar No. 18
1.075 m

60 cm R.C. Footing

2.6 m
16 of Bar No. 18

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Price : 10 US $

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Price : 10 US $

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Price : 10 US $

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Price : 10 US $

Page 8 of 8
References: ACI Code / Structural Concrete, Theory and Design (Copyright 1998), By M. Nadim Hassoun

Foundations
Before starting with the foundations design, a soil investigation has to be performed to check the
soil characteristics and propertires. The site soil must be checked if its capable to hold the load
transferred to it through the footings (Shear test, Ultimate Bearing Capacity "qu", etc...).
The Bearing Capacity is required for designing the foundation. If the soil investigation indicates
poor ground conditions, (Such as the bearing capacity is less than the allowable), A Ground
Improvement technique must be performed to treat and improve the soil that support the footing
and make it safe to build with.

Common Solutions & Ground Improvement Techniques:

Grouting, Dewatering, Soil Reinforcement (Geograde, Geogrids, etc...), Piles,
Dynamic Compaction, Vibroflotation, Vibro-Compaction, Snad Drains, Soil Replacement.

Geogrids

Grouting

Dynamic Compaction Vibro-Compaction

Piles

Most Common Types of Soil Prone to Improvement Techniques

Collapsible Soil
Expansive Soil
Sanitary Landfills
Karastic Profile

Designing Notes
It is preferable to check the sizes or dimensions of each footing before starting designing them.
This must be done to choose the required and preferred system of footing (Single, Combined, etc.).
A fast calculation can be performed using the following formula:
Service Load / Stress
Where the Service load can be taken = 1.5 of the Ultimate Load that is being transferred from
The Columns. And the Stress is the one that is provided from the soil tests (i.e. 3 Kg/cm²)

Example
Pu = 250 Ton Area of footing = (250,000/1.5) / 3 = 55555.55 cm²
qu = 3 kg/cm² or A = 5.55 m²

Page 1 of 2
References: ACI Code / Structural Concrete, Theory and Design (Copyright 1998), By M. Nadim Hassoun

Important Notes
It is very preferable to relate the dimensions of columns to the footings in rectangular Footings.
It is very common to make the column to footing dimensions proportional.
Tension Stress in the Footings is not acceptable.

Example

0.25B B

0.25L

Tension Zone.
Not Allowed.

Page 2 of 2
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1
Done By YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

DESIGN OF SINGLE ISOLATED RECTANGULAR FOOTING (U.S. UNIT)

Insert fc' = 4.060914 Ksi

Insert fy = 60.91371 Ksi
Insert the concrete density = 149.832 lb/ft³
Insert one of columns side dimensions c1 = 17.71654 in
Insert other columns side dimensions c2 = 17.71654 in
Insert one of footings side dimensions B = 8.5306 ft
Insert axial ultimate load (Kips)= 683.4532 Kips
Axial service load (Unfactored = Ultimate load / 1.5) = 455.6355 Kips
Insert base of footing below the final grade (in feet) = 4.00282 ft
Insert the allowable soil pressure q(all.) = 5.012531 Ksi
Insert Soil density = 99.888 lb/ft³

Effective Soil Pressure

Assume total depth of footing = 1.9686 ft
Therefore, the weight of footing = 294.9593 psf

Weight of soil on top of the footing

Soil densityxSoil height above = 203.1942 psf
Effective Soil Pressure = 4514.378 psf

Area of the footing

Area of the footing = Serface Load / Effective soil pressure
Area of the footing = 100.9299 ft²
Then side of footing = 11.83151 ft Take L = 11.9 ft

Net upward pressure

qu = Ultimate load / Area of footing
qu = 6.771567 Ksf

Depth due to 2-way shear

Assume bar No. = 8
Then bar diameter = 1 in
Insert footing cover = 2.952756 in
Then, d = 19.67044 in
bo = 149.5479 in
Vu2 = Pu - qu(c1+d)(c2+d)
Vu2 = 617.7227 Kips

Effective depth for 2-way shear = Largest from d1 & d2

Bc = 1.394978 ratio of long to short side of footing

d1 = Vu2 / (4x0.85xSQRT(fc')xbo) when Bc<2

d1 = Vu2 / (0.85(2+4/Bc)xSQRT(fc')xbo) when Bc>2
d2 = Vu2 / (0.85x((αsxd/bo)+2)xSQRT(fc')xbo)
αs = 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns & 20 for corner columns

Insert αs = 40

d1 = 19.06437 in
d2 = 10.50189 in d (req.) = 19.06437 in

Page 1 of 3
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1
Done By YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

Depth due to 1-way shear

Distance from edge of footing = 3.572607 ft
Vu1 = 206.3735 Kips for short direction = 152.1307 Kips
Depth of 1-way shear d = Vu1 / (0.85x2xSQRT(fc')xb)
d(req.) = 18.6094 in

Controlling depth, d = 19.67044 in

Design steel reinforcement in the longitudinal direction

The critical section is at the face of the support.
Distance from the edge of footing = (L/2 - c/2)
L/2 - C/2 = 5.211811 ft
Mu = 0.5 x qu x (L/2-c/2)^2 xb = 784.5418 K.ft
Ru = Mu / (b x d^2) = 237.6885 psi
ρ = (0.85fc'/fy)x(1-SQRT(1-(2Ru/(0.85x0.85fc')))) = 0.004793
As = ρ x b x d = 9.651999 in²
[Shrinkage] As(min.) = 0.0018 x b x h = 4.352834 in²
[Flexure] As(min.) = 0.0033 x b x h = 6.644907 in²

Then As = 9.651999 in²

Insert Bar No. = 9
Then bar diameter = 1.128 in
Use 10 of Bar No. 9 Spacing = 10.71797 in

Design steel reinforcement in the short direction

L/2 - C/2 = 3.527111 ft
Mu = 501.2385 K.ft
Ru = 108.8602 psi
Row = 0.002143
As = 6.019608 in²
[Shrinkage] As(min.)= 6.072107 in²
[Flexure] As(min.) = 9.2695 in²

Then, As= 6.072107 in²

Insert Bar No. = 6
Then bar diameter = 0.75 in
Use 14 of Bar No. 6 Spacing = 7.42013 in

Checking Bearing Stress

a) Bearing strength N1 @ the base of column
N1 = 0.7x0.85xfc'xA1 Where A1 = area of the column
N1 = 758.4 Kips
b) Bearing strength N2 @ the top of footing
N2 = N1 x SQRT(A2/A1) <= 2N1 Where A2 = area of the footing
SQRT(A2/A1) = 6.82442
Then N2 = 1516.8 Kips
Pu should be greater than N1 for bearing stress to be adequated
Checking: Bearing stress is adequate

Page 2 of 3
Project Name
Subject Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing
Element Number F1
Done By YOUR LOGO
Date 3/1/2015 15:16

Design of Dowels
Minimum area of dowels required = 0.005xA1 = 1.569378 in²
The Minimum number of bars = 4
Insert Bar No. = 8
Then bar diameter = 1 in Use 4 of Bar No. 8
Placed @ the four corners of the column

Devolopment Length of the dowels in compression

ld = 0.02 x db x fy / SQRT(fc') = 19.11759 in
Minimum ld = 0.0003 x db x fy = 18.27411 in
Control ld = Larger = 20 in

17.71654 in

Reinf. Details Long Direction

Column Neck

Dowels
4 of Bar No. 8
5.22 ft

1.9686 ft R.C. Footing

11.9 ft
10 of Bar No. 9

17.71654 in

Reinf. Details Short Direction

Column Neck

Dowels
4 of Bar No. 8
4.18 ft

1.9686 ft R.C. Footing

8.5306 ft
14 of Bar No. 6

Page 3 of 3