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hu

Angol nyelvtani gyűjtemény

VERBS EXAMPLES
be Now I am a little tired.
believe I believe God exists.
belong That is mine. It belongs to me.
exist Many people believe God exists.
forget --"What's her name?" --"I forget."
hate I hate this show. Let's leave.
have* She has a beautiful family.
hear Ok. Now I hear it. It's not very loud.
know Now I know the answer. I'm glad.
like (dislike) I like Susan but I dislike her husband.
look like There are a lot of clouds. It looks like rain.
love I love the show. Let's stay until the end.
mean "Exhausted" means "extremely tired."
mind I have to leave. I hope you don't mind.
need Please come! I need your help.
owe You paid the bill, so I owe you at least $20.
owns This is not my book. I don't know who owns it.
prefer I like tea but I prefer coffee.
realize Now I realize the problem. I don't study enough.
remember Now I remember where I left my keys.
see I see the sign but I can't read it. It's in Spanish.
seem Bill seems to be depressed. Let's talk to him.
suppose I don't want to go but I suppose I should.
think* (= believe) I think (believe) that he is wrong and you are right.
understand Now I understand the rule.
want Linda called. She wants to come with us to the party.
* These verbs have other meanings, and in these cases you can use the present continuous if
you are referring to something that is happening now.
Have can also mean:
Boris is having problems with his weight, and look at him,
take (ex: a shower), eat, drink,
he is having another donut with his coffee. He's crazy.
experience (ex: problems).
Bob: A penny for your thoughts, Linda.
Think can also mean: Linda: I am thinking about my family.
have ideas in one's mind, plan. I often think about them when I'm alone.
I am thinking of visiting them.

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Do

…business
... good
... harm
... one's best
... somebody a favor
... well (= succeed)

Make
….a decision
... a habit of
... a loss
... a mistake
... an attempt
... an effort
... an excuse
... an exception
... an offer
... a noise
... a profit
... a promise
... arrangements
... love, peace, war
... the most of (= take advantage of)

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Rules for Irregular Spelling of Verb

Inflections
Verb inflections include any endings added to the base form of the verb. These
include -s, -ing, and -ed. Spelling for the majority of verbs is regular, and the
inflections are simply added to the base form. For a few verbs, though, the spelling
does change, and the rules are outlined below. For more information on irregular
verbs and verb tenses, please see the List of Irregular Verbs at this web site.

Doubling of Consonants

1. If the base form ends in a single consonant and the preceding vowel is stressed
and spelled with only one letter, double the consonant before adding -ing and -ed

occur/occurring, swim/swimming, ship/shipping

2. If the preceding vowel is unstressed or spelled with two vowels, do not double
the consonant
enter/entering, visit/visiting, develop/developing, dread/dreading,

appeal/appealing, shout/shouting

3. If the base form ends in -c, change the -c to -ck

panic/panicking, picnic/picnicking
4. There are exceptions with some verbs ending in -l, -m, and -p
travel--traveling or travelling
program--programing or programming
worship--worshiping or worshipping

Deletion or Addition of -e

1. If the base form ends in an unpronounced -e, drop the -e before adding -ing and -
ed inflections

create/creating, type/typing, bake/baking

2. For monosyllabic verbs ending in -ye, -oe, or -nge, keep the final -e before -ing,
but drop it before -ed

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dye--dyeing/dyed
hoe--hoeing/hoed
singe--singeing/singed
3. If the base form ends in -ie or -ee, drop the final -e before -ed
die/died, agree/agreed, tie/tied
4. If the verb ends in -s, -z, -x, -sh, and -ch, add -e before the -s ending
pass/passes, buzz/buzzes, coax/coaxes, wash/washes, watch/watches

Treatment of -y

1. If the base form ends in -y, change the -y to -ie

carry/carries, try/tries
2. If the base form ends in -ed, change the -y to -i
carry/carried, try/tried
3. Following a vowel or preceding -ing, the -y remains
stay/stayed, toy/toying, try/trying, carry/carrying
4. If the base form ends in -ie, change the -ie to -y before -ing
die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying

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Irregular Nouns
SINGULAR PLURAL
alumnus alumni
analysis analyses
antenna antennae/antennas
appendix appendices
axis axes
bacterium bacteria
basis bases
beau beaux
bureau bureaux/bureaus
child children
corpus corpora/corpuses
crisis crises
criterion criteria
curriculum curricula
datum data
deer deer
diagnosis diagnoses
ellipsis ellipses
fish fish
focus foci/focuses
foot feet
formula formulae/formulas
fungus fungi/funguses
genus genera
goose geese
hypothesis hypotheses
index indices/indexes
louse lice
man men
matrix matrices

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means means
medium media
mouse mice
nebula nebulae
nucleus nuclei
oasis oases
ox oxen
paralysis paralyses
parenthesis parentheses
phenomenon phenomena
radius radii
series series
sheep sheep
species species
stimulus stimuli
stratum strata
synthesis syntheses
synopsis synopses
tableau tableaux
thesis theses
tooth teeth
vertebra vertebrae
vita vitae
woman women

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Verb Preposition
account for
accuse (someone) of
adapt to
add to
adjust to

agree on (something)
agree to (something)
agree with (someone)
apologize for (something)
apologize to (someone)
apply for
approve of
argue with (someone)
argue about (something)
arrive at
ask for
become of
believe in
belong to
blame (someone) for (something)
blame (something) on (something)
borrow from
care about
care for
catch up with (?)
come from
comment on
communicate with
compare with
complain about
compliment (someone) on
congratulate on
concentrate on
consent to
consist of
convince (someone) of (something)
deal with
decide between
decide on
depend on
(dis)approve of
dream about, of
excuse (someone) for
explain (something) to

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feel like
forget about
forgive (someone) for
get along with
get back from
get rid of
get through with
get used to
happen to
have confidence in
have influence over have
an opportunity for
have patience with
have a reason for
hear about
hear from
hear of
insist on
introduce to
invite (someone) to
keep for, from
keep on
laugh about
laugh at
learn about
listen for
listen to
look at look
for look forward to
object to
participate in
pay for
plan on
prefer to
prepare for
prevent from
provide for
provide (someone) with
recover from
refer to
relate to
rely on
remind (someone) of
search for
see about
send for
separate from
show up at
speak about
spend (money) on

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stop from
substitute for
subtract from
succeed in
suspect (someone) of
take advantage of
take care of
talk about
talk over
talk to
thank (someone) for
think about
think of
throw away
vote for
wait for
warn about
waste (money) on
wish for
work for
worry about

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Verb+Particle Combinations (Phrasal Verbs)

Verb Preposition Synonym

ask someone to go on a
ask out
date
call back return a telephone call
call off cancel
call on ask to speak in class
call up make a telephone call
cross out draw a line through
do over do again
find the solution to a
figure out
problem
complete a sentence by
fill in
writing in a blank
write information in a form
fill out
(e.g. an application form)
fill completely with gas,
fill up
water, coffee, etc.
find out discover information
get in enter a car, a taxi
leave a bus, an airplane, a
get off
train, a subway, a bicycle
enter a bus, an airplane, a
get on
train, a subway, a bicycle
get over recover from an illness
return something to
give back
someone
quit doing something or
give up
quit trying
give homework, tests,
hand in
papers, etc., to a teacher
give something to this
hand out person, then that person,
then another person, etc.
1. hang on a hanger or
hang up
a hook;

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2. end a telephone call

keep on continue
leave out omit
look for information in a
look up
reference book
make up invent
pay back return money to someone
pick up lift
put something in its usual
put away
or proper place
return something to its
put back
original place
put down stop holding or carrying
put off postpone
put on put clothes on one's body
extinguish (stop) a fire, a
put out
cigarette, a cigar
run into meet by chance
stop a machine or light, turn
shut off
off
start over start again
remove clothes from one's
take off
body
tear down destroy a building
detach, tear along a dotted
tear off
or perforated line
tear up tear into small pieces
throw away/out put in the trash
put on clothing to see if it
try on
fits
turn down decrease the volume
stop a machine or a light,
turn off
shut off
turn on begin a machine or a light
turn up increase the volume
wake up stop sleeping
write a note on a piece of
write down
paper

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Verb+Particle+Preposition Combinations (Phrasal

Verbs+Prepositions)

Verb Particle Preposition Synonym

break up with separate from
catch on to understand
discover the latest
catch up on
information
catch up with overtake
check in on visit briefly
check up on examine
check out of leave
close in on approach
come down with catch a disease
come up with find
cut down on reduce
drop in on visit unannounced
drop out of stop attending school
end up with finish
have fun while wasting
fool around with
time
get along with be congenial
get away from leave
get away with avoid punishment
get back from return from a trip
get back to return
get down to concentrate
get through with finish
give in to yield
give up on quit
go in for try
grow up in become an adult
maintain the same pace
keep up with
as someone
consider oneself
look down on
superior to
look in on visit

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look up to admire
look out for be careful
make away with steal
pick up on realize
put up with endure
finish the supply of
run out of
something
stand up for support
remove a piece of
tear out of paper from a book or
notebook
watch out for be careful

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Conjuctions
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCES

and noun phrase+noun We have tickets for the symphony and the opera.
phrase
but sentence+sentence The orchestra rehearses on Tuesday, but the chorus
rehearses on Wednesday.
or verb+verb Have you seen or heard the opera by Scott Joplin?
so sentence+sentence I wanted to sit in the front of the balcony, so I
ordered my tickets early.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

both...and not only...but also either...or neither...nor whether...or

Remember, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They join similar
elements.When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines
whether the verb is singular or plural.

EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTIONS WHAT IS SAMPLE SENTENCE

LINKED
both...and subject+subject Both my sister and my brother play the piano.
either...or noun+noun Tonight's program is either Mozart or Beethoven.
neither...nor subject+subject Neither the orchestra nor the chorus was able to
overcome the terrible acoustics in the church
not only...but also sentence+sentence Not only does Sue raise money for the symphony,
but she also ushers at all of their concerts.
(Return to Main Menu)

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SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

TIME CAUSE + EFFECT OPPOSITION CONDITION

after because although if
before since though unless
when now that even though only if
while as whereas whether or not
since in order that while even if
until so in case (that)

Subordinating conjunctions, (subordinators) are most important in creating subordinating

clauses. These adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the clause. The
adverbial clause can come either before or after the main clause. Subordinators are usually a
single word, but there are also a number of multi-word subordinators that function like a
single subordinating conjunction. They can be classified according to their use in regard to
time, cause and effect, opposition, or condition. Remember, put a comma at the end of the
adverbial phrase when it precedes the main clause.

EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION SAMPLE SENTENCE

after We are going out to eat after we finish taking the test.
since Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at the High
Musuem.
while While I was waiting in line for the Matisse Exhibit, I ate my lunch.
although Although the line was long and the wait over two hours, the exhibit was
well worth it
even if Even if you have already bought your ticket, you will still need to wait in
line.
because I love Matisse's works because he uses color so brilliantly.

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