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Area and Error Calculation using Differentiation

Tangents and Normals

Length of Tangents, Normal, Subtangent and subnormal

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University
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Maximum and Minimum Values

Optimization Problems

Mga Hakbang sa Pagsagot

Nota:
Ang mga optimization problems ay laging may kalakip na dalawang bahagi, ang Constraint equation
at Optimizing equation
1. Alamin ang Constraint Equation( eto ang equation na laging may kasamang konstantino
2. Alamin din ang Optimizing equation- eto ang ekwasyon na hinihingi ng putang inang nagtatanong na
dapat i-maximize o i-minimize

Eksampol: Find the dimensions of a rectangle with perimeter 100 metres so that the area of the rectangle is a maximum.

Dito, ang constraint equation ay ang perimeter tawagin natin na P, binigay na kasi sya kaya dapat hndi mabago,
konstantino kumbaga

Equation 1: P= 100 , pero alam natin na nagtatanong ng dimensyon ng rectanggulo at alam natin na ang dimension ng
isang rectanggulo ay length (L) at width (W) pwede naman ding gumamit ng X o Y. depende yan sa panlasa mo.

P=2L+ 2W=100

EKwasyon 2: pagtatalaga ng Optimizing Equation: may nakasulat sa tanong na “the area of the rectangle is maximum”
….alam natin na ang area A ay

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University
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A=LW, i express natin ang isang baryabol in terms sa ksama nitong baryabol para iisa lang ang mga terms natin sa
optimizing equation,

Gagamit tayo ng ekwasyon mula sa constraint equation,

Pwedeng iwan natin ang L sa optimizing equation o d kaya ang W so kapag nagdesisyon tayo na L ang iwanan, kailangan
ang W ay maging W=50-L, ‘yan ay na-derive mula sa constraint equation.

Ipalit na natin mga kaibigan, ang ating bagong optimizing equation natin ngaun ay
A=LW
A=L(50-L)
A= 50L-L2
A’= 50-2L
0=50-2L
L=25 m -----------------------------ang length daw natin ay 25 m, so with na lang ang kulang

Alam natin mula sa perimeter na ang W=50-L kaya,

W=50-25= 25 m din

The maximum area will be, 25mx25m = 625m2

*At dito nagtatapos ang konting tutorial magsolve ka ng mga problema sa baba
Xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxxx___xxxxxxx
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PROBLEMS
1.

ANS: 80 and 40
2. A sheet of paper for a poster is to be 18 ft2 in area. The margins at the top and bottom are to be 9 in wide, and
at the sides 6 in. What should be the dimensions of the sheet to maximize the printed area? ANS: One side is 2sqrt(3)
ft and the other is 3sqrt(3) ft

3. At 9 A.M. ship B is 65 mi due east of another ship A. Ship B is then sailing due west at 10 mi/h, and A is sailing
due south at 15 mi/h. If they continue on their respective courses, when will they be nearest one another, and how
near? ANS: 11 A.M., at which time they are 15m mi apart

4. A cylindrical container with circular base is to hold 64in2. Find its dimensions so that the amount (surface area)
of metal required is a minimum when the container is (a) an open cup and (b) a closed can. ANS: A.) r=h=4/
pi1/3 in B.) r=2(4/pi)1/3 in, h=4(4/pi)1/3 in

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University
4|Page

5.

Ans: 10 sets per day

Related Rates

Ang related rates problems sa calculus ang pinakamahirap sapagkat kailangan mong magsolve ng mga word problems.
Kailangan malawak ang imahinasyon mo….(dahil tapos na ang valentine’s focus na dito)

Laging tatandaan na sa related rates, nagmemeasure tayo ng pagbabago ng isang quantity habang nagbabago din ang
oras..dahil “Time is gold”

We call this implicit differentiation:

Eksampol: we are to measure the change in volume of a cylinder with respect to time
1. Gamit tayo ng
V=pir2h
dV/dt =pi(2rh *dr/dt + r2 * dh/dt)

Karaniwang makakabasa tayo ng mga tanong na,

“Find the rate of change of volume when,...”

“How fast is the area of the circle changing when,....”
“How fast is the water level changing when,...”

Step 1: Alamin ang equation na kailangang makuhanan ng derivative, dapat arunong gumawa o kabisado ang mga
formulas for plane and solid figures.
Step 2: Alamin ang mga relasyon ng mga given sa hinahanap, (d kagaya ng relasyon nio na malamig na, ang mga relasyon
sa related rates ay mahalaga)

Take note: Alamin ang mga nagbabago(GAYA NG JOWA MO NOON NA EX MO NA NGAYON) yung may rates at sino ung
mga constant(sila ung anjan lang pag kailangan mo)

Step 3: kapag maraming variable na nakikita sa equation at kapag naderivative sila ay kailangang ng rates nila at d ito
available sa question, iexpress ang mgaito in terms sa isa pang variable at kailangan pagkatapos mo gawin ito ay iisa na
lang ang variable sa equation.

Step 4: gawin ang naaayon na differentiation technique na kailangan

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University
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Note: kapag mag sa substitution na ng mga rates, kailangan alamin kung ang isusubstitute ay decreasing(- sign)
oincreasing(+ sign). Kapag ang isang length o anumang quantity ay lumiliit o unti unting nauubos, dapat ito ay may
negative sign, at kung padami ito o palaki, dapat gumamit ng positive sign

Example problems:
1. An 18 ft ladder is resting against a wall at a height of 12 ft. At one point in time, it started to be pushed at its one
end that touches the ground towards the wall at a speed of 6 inches per second. At what speed is its another end
touching the wall moving when the other end touching the ground has moved 2 ft

2. A boat is pulled in by means of a winch on a dock 12 ft above the deck of a boat.The winch pulls in the rope at
the rate of 4ft per seconds. Determine the speed of the boat when there is 13 ft of rope out? -52/5 ft/sec

3. Water is allowed to flow into an empty tank at a constant rate of 0.03 m^3 / min. At what rate in m/min is the
water level rising when the water is 0.5 m deep?
a. If the tank is conical vessel having a diameter of 2 m at the top and a height of 6m Ans 1.375m/min
b. If the tank is a hemsiphirical tank having a diameter of 2m Ans: 0.013m/min
c. If the tank is in the form of inverted frustum of a cone having a radii of 1m and 1.5 m at the bottom and at the
top respectively. It has a height of 2m Ans. 0.0075 m/min
4. A man 1.8 m tall walks away from a lamp post 4m. High at a speed of 1.5 m/s. How fast in m/s does his
shadow lengthen in m/s. How much does the end of the shadow move with respect to the lampost? Ans, a.
1.23m/s. b.) 2.73 m/s

5. Car A is travelling east at 44 m/s and car B is travelling north at 33 m/sec. Both cars are traveling
towards junction of two perpendicular roads.
a.) At what rate are the cars approaching each other at the instant when car A is 300 m and car B is 400 m
from the junction (-52.8 m/s ,it is decreasing)
b.) At what time are they closest to each other? (8.73sec)
c.) What is the nearest distance between the two cars? 140m

A car is travelling slowly along the shore is being folled by a searchlight in a lighthouse that is 1.5km offshore.
When the car was 2km away from the point on the shore nearest to the lighthouse, it was travelling at 10kph.
How far in rad/hour is the searchligh turning at this moment?2.4rad/hr

A bombardier is sighting on a target on the ground directly ahead. If the bomber is flying 2 mi above the ground
at 240 mi/h, how fast must the sighting instrument be turning when the angle between the path of the bomber
𝟑
and the line of sight is 30°
𝟐𝝅

A rectangular plot of ground has two adjacent sides along Highways 20 and 32. In the plot is a small lake, one end of
which is 256 ft from Highway 20 and 108 ft from Highway 32 .Find the length of the shortest straight path which cuts
across the plot from one highway to the other and touches the end of the lake. Ans. 500 ft

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University
6|Page

Radius of Curvature,Curvature of a curve, Center of Curvature

The formula above is for the curvature of curve.

Note that: The radius of curvature is expressed as 1/K

PROBLEMS:

LIMITS:

 INDETERMINATE TYPE 0/0; L’HOSPITAL’S RULE

 INDETERMINATE TYPE ∞/∞. L’HOSPITAL’S RULE
 INDETERMINATE TYPES 0 * ∞ AND ∞*∞.
 INDETERMINATE TYPES 00, ∞, and 1 ∞

Example:
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟐
1. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝑿+𝟏
as x approaches -1
𝟒
𝒙 −𝟖𝟏
2. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙−𝟑 as x approaches 3
𝒙𝟐
3. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒆𝒙 as x approaches ∞
𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝒙
4. 𝒍𝒊𝒎 (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟐𝒙) 𝒂𝒔 𝒙 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔 𝟎

Comprehensive Lecture ni Jonathan Joaquin, Differential Calculus sa Ilalim ng puting Ilaw sa Dilaw na Buwan. Feb 15,2019.
Rizal Technological University