A VISIT REPORT ON

“THE SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT”
TAPOVAN, NASHIK.
DATE OF VISIT:-18TH SEP 2018
Under The Guidance Of
Prof. B.A.BHANDARKAR.

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 INDEX
SR.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1. AKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2. OBJECTIVE 4
1.1) DISCRIPTION
3. FLOW DIG. OF VARIOUS TREATMENT 5
UNITS OF STP
2.1) PHYSICAL PROCESS
2.2) BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
2.3) CHEMICAL PROCESS
4. UNITS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT 8
3.1)INLET CHAMBER
3.2)GRIT CHAMBER
3.3) USAB AERATOR
3.4) DRYING BED SLUDGE
5. GRIT CHAMBER 13
4.1)TYPES OF GRIT CHAMBER
4.2)AERATED GRIT CHAMBER
4.3)DESIGN OF GRIT CHAMBER
6. REFERANCES 15
7. CONCLUSION 16

SR.NO. FIG.NO. TITLE PAGE

NO.
1. Fig.1 STP PLANT 4
2. Fig.2 FLOW DIG. OF STP 5
3. Fig.3 SCREENING 6
4. Fig.4 CHLORINATION TANK 7
5. Fig.5 INLET CHAMBER 8
6. Fig.6 GRIT CHAMBER 9
7. Fig.7 GRIT CHAMBER 9
8. Fig.8 USAB REACTOR 10
9. Fig.9 USAB REACTOR 10
10. Fig.10 AERATION TANK 11
11. Fig.11 AERATION TANK 11
12. Fig.12 DRYING BED SLUDGE 12

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 AKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us immense pleasure in presenting the visit report on “sewage
treatment plant”.
First of all we are thankful to the principal DR.S.B.BAGAL, for encouraging &
supporting us in our project.
We also express well hearted thanks to our head of Civil Engg. Dept.
DR.D.P.JOSHI. It’s our pleasure that we got the guidance & all information about
the overall plant from incharge of STP plant MR.I.J.KULKARNI &
MR.S.B.JAGTAP.
We would also like to express our sincere thanks to our respected sir
PROF.B.A.BHANDARKAR, PROF.PROF.S.J.PAGAR, PROF.P.V.KATKADE,
PROF.A.U.MANKAR, PROF.S.H.PATEL & PROF.S.B. MAHAJAN for arranging
this visit & for their enormous assistance & co-operation extended to us.
Finally, we would thank all those people who have helped us directly & indirectly
for success of visit. We hope this visit will serve its purpose satisfactorily.

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 1) Objective of the visit:-
To study the various units of sewage treatment plant & to know various
chemical & biological processes used for the treatment of sewage waste water.

1.1) Description:-
A sewage water treatment plant started in year 2003, situated @ tapovan,
panchavati which is 10 km from Nashik city on the bank of river Godavari. The sewage
treatment plant consist of inlet pipe, grit chamber, distribution chamber, UASB reactor,
aeration tank & at the last chlorination tank.
The sewage treatment plant having the capacity of 130 MLD. The plant collect
waste water coming from residential zone. The total initial cost of the plant is about 43
crore. The sewage water collected from mhasarul, hirawadi, new ganesh wadi &
kapila.from this plant 500 to 600 unit electricity power is generated.
After collecting sewage water by pumping from the places they are passed
through screening chamber & all the solid particles in water are removed either by
mechanically or by manually. The following treatment are given to the waste water.
2.1) physical process
2.2) biological process
2.3) chemical process

Fig.1

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2) FLOW DIAGRAM OF VARIOUS TREATMENT UNITS OF
STP:-

Fig.2

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2.1) PHYSICAL PROCESS:
The physical treatment is divided into 2 type:-
2.1.1) preliminary physical process
2.2.2) primary physical process

In this plant, preliminary treatment is given for sewage water which is collected
in inlet tank by pumping. Then after screening is done with 6mm fine screen. In this
plant mechanical screening & one manual screening are used. After screening gritting
is done by using 4 chambers having velocity is 0.3 to 0.4 m/s. the main purpose of
gritting is to settle the solids & after particle having greater density which is settle at
down or bottom.

Fig.3

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2.2) BIOLOGICAL PROCESS:
Biological treatment is mainly divided into 2 parts:
2.2.1) anaerobic process
2.2.2) aerobic process
2.2.3) facultative process.

2.2.1) ANAEROBIC PROCESS:

The sewage water is called as UASB reactor from collection chamber
using 12m/s of distribution pipe. In this plants there are 6 UASB reactor tank. In UASB
tank sewage water is collected from bottom at very low speed.

2.2.2) AEROBIC PROCESS:

After anaerobic the water goes aerobic treatment increase dissolved O 2
in water. The water collected in aerator lagoon, no of aerator tank which is about 10
Hp from which the water is circulated from top to bottom so that increase the O 2 in
water.

2.3) CHEMICAL PROCESS:

In chemical treatment only chlorination is done. Due to chlorination water
is free from bacteria & other pathogenic bacteria. In chlorination chlorine is used which
is in liquid or gaseous form. Generally chlorine mixing time is 30 min. for 10 MLD
capacity approx. 2 kg/hr chlorine is used. Storage of 1 chlorine cylinder is 900 kg.

Fig.4

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3) UNITS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:
3.1) Inlet Chamber:
The inlet chamber consist of waste water which is treated through
the process which include waste water from different areas of Nashik city i.e.
mhasarul, hirawadi. Waste water is pumped & carried out for the process of screening.
The screening is done by either mechanically or manually.

Fig.5

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3.2) GRIT CHAMBER:
Sewage contain both type of material namely organic & inorganic. The
purpose of providing grit chamber in sewage treatment process is to remove grit, sand
& such other inorganic matter from sewage. In general grit chamber are placed after
pumping station & before the screen. The detention time of water is 10 to 15 min.

Fig.6

Fig.7

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3.2) UASB REACTOR:
After water is collected in collection chamber the water is distributed to the
UASB reactor. The key feature of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket process that allows
the use of high volumetric COD loading comparative other anaerobic processes is the
development of dense granulated sludge. The important design consideration are:
1. Waste water characteristics in terms of composition and solid contents.
2. Volumetric organic load.
3. Up flow velocity.
4. Reactor volume.
5. Physical features.
6. Gas collection system (Methane gas is collected which is used to generate
electricity.)

Fig.8

Fig.9

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3.3. AERATION TANK:-
After water is treated in UASB reactor, it’s carried out for the process of aeration
tank. This process aims at bringing water in intimate contact with air. In the process of
aeration oxygen is absorbed by water and carbon di oxide is liberated. The aeration
easily removed hydrogen sulphide and hence the odour due to this gas is removed by
aeration. Detention period of aeration tank is 16.5 hr. depth of aeration tank is 6.5m.

Fig.10 fig.11

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3.4. DRYING BED SLUDGE:-
In this method of sludge disposal, sludge is dried by spreading over the land.
Simple sludge drying beds are used in many countries, particularly in developing
countries, as they are a cheap and simple method to dry sewage sludge. Drainage
water must be captured; drying beds are sometimes covered but usually left
uncovered. Mechanical devices to turn over the sludge in the initial stages of the drying
process are also available on the market.
Drying beds are typically composed of four layers consisting of gravel and sand.
The first layer is coarse gravel that is 15 to 20 centimetres thick. Followed by fine
gravel that is 10 centimetres thick. The third layer is sand that can be between 10 to
15 centimetres and serves as the filter between the sludge and gravel. Sludge dries
up and water percolates to the first layer that is collected at the drainage pipe that is
beneath all layers.
Uses of dried sludge:
Sludge cakes formed on the surface of drying beds should be carefully
removed. It should be observed that sand is not being taken out along with the sludge
cakes. This sludge has got the fertilising value as it contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid
& potash.

Fig.12

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4) GRIT CHAMBER:
Grit chambers are basin to remove the inorganic particles to prevent
damage to the pumps, and to prevent their accumulation in sludge digesters.

4.1) Types of Grit Chambers:

Grit chambers are of two types: mechanically cleaned and manually cleaned.
In mechanically cleaned grit chamber, scraper blades collect the grit settled on the
floor of the grit chamber. The grit so collected is elevated to the ground level by several
mechanisms such as bucket elevators, jet pump and air lift. The grit washing
mechanisms are also of several designs most of which are agitation devices using
either water or air to produce washing action. Manually cleaned grit chambers should
be cleaned at least once a week. The simplest method of cleaning is by means of
shovel.

4.2) Aerated Grit Chamber:

An aerated grit chamber consists of a standard spiral flow aeration tank provided with
air diffusion tubes placed on one side of the tank. The grit particles tend to settle down
to the bottom of the tank at rates dependent upon the particle size and the bottom
velocity of roll of the spiral flow, which in turn depends on the rate of air diffusion
through diffuser tubes and shape of aeration tank. The heavier particles settle down
whereas the lighter organic particles are carried with roll of the spiral motion.

4.3)Design of Grit Chambers:

Settling Velocity

The settling velocity of discrete particles can be determined using appropriate

equation depending upon Reynolds number.
v=g(Ss-1)d2

Stoke's law holds good for Reynolds number,Re below 1.

Re=vd

For grit particles of specific gravity 2.65 and liquid temperature at 10°C, u=1.01 x 10-
6m2/s. This corresponds to particles of size less than 0.1 mm.

 Transition law: The design of grit chamber is based on removal of grit particles
with minimum size of 0.15 mm and therefore Stoke's law is not applicable to
determine the settling velocity of grit particles for design purposes.

The settling velocity of discrete particles can be determined using appropriate

equation depending upon Reynolds number.

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  Stoke's law:
 v=g(Ss-1)d

Stoke's law holds good for Reynolds number,Re below 1.

Re=vd
u

For grit particles of specific gravity 2.65 and liquid temperature at 10°C, u=1.01 x 10-
6m2/s. This corresponds to particles of size less than 0.1 mm.

 Transition law: The design of grit chamber is based on removal of grit particles
with minimum size of 0.15 mm and therefore Stoke's law is not applicable to
determine the settling velocity of grit particles for design purposes.

v2=4g(rp-r)d

Where, CD= drag coefficient Transition flow conditions hold good for Reynolds
number,Re between 1 and 1000. In this range CD can be approximated by

CD=18.5
Re0.6 (vd/u)0.6

Substituting the value of CD in settling velocity equation and simplifying, we get

v = [0.707(Ss-1)d1.6 u-0.6]0.714

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 REFERANCE

 Fundamentals of water supply and sanitary engg.-Mr.

S.G.Rangwala
 Study of sewage treatment plant-Mr. K.S. Rangwala
 https://nptel.ac.in

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 CONCLUSION
From this visit we came to know the thorough study about the introduction,
principle, design, initial & final parts in sewage treatment plant. This visit is really
helpful for our future studies, we studied the working process of sewage treatment
plant & organisational work.

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