Computer Animation

Spline Driven Animation

x,y = Q(u)
for u:[0,1]

• Equal arc lengths

• Equal spacing in u
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation

Given
Q(u ) = au 3 + bu 2 + cu + d

ds = dx 2 + dy 2 + dz 2
2 2 2
 dx   dy   dz 
=   +  + 
 du   du   du 
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation

1
u  dx   dy   dz 
2 2 2
 2
s = A(u ) = ∫   +   +    du
 du   du   du  
u0 

Q(u ) → Q( A −1(s ))
Re parameterization
Find
u = A −1(s )
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation

Find : u = A −1(s )
A : monotonically increasing
i.e. u1 < u2
and A(u1 ) < A(u2 )

u3
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation

Bi sec tion Method

For sá
Start with full interval (u1...u3 )
Get u2 in the middle, find s2
If sá < s2 : uá is ∈ [u1, u2 ]
If sá > s2 : uá is ∈ [u2 , u3 ]
Continue till within u3
a threshold
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation
1
u  dx   dy   dz 
2 2 2
 2
s = ∫   +   +    du
 du   du   du  
u0 
Since
Q(u ) = au 3 + bu 2 + cu + d
1

[ ]
u 2
s = ∫ Au 4 + Bu 3 + Cu 2 + Du + E du
u0
Apply Numerical Method
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation
Alternately

Chord length parameterization

ui+1 ui+2
ui di+1
di
 Computer Animation
Spline Driven Animation
Velocity (Speed) Curve

v: (s, t)

1
Q(u)
s

t 1
 Computer Animation
Morphing

Transformation of object shapes from one form to

another

• Each form may be considered as a key frame

• Establish common topology for the two key frames
• Interpolate the intermediate frames

added point
t
Intermediate form
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Transformation of one image (source) to another image
(target)

• Normalization of both images

• Feature correspondence
• Warping of the two images (spatial deformation)
• Color blending
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing

Without feature correspondence (cross dissolving)

Source Destination
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing

Correspondence
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Triangle Method
• Feature points are marked on source and target.
• These feature are given the correspondence.
• Triangulate the points.
• Interpolate triangulation for intermediate frames.
• Warp the images, and blend colors.

Source Target
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Triangle Method
Interpolation in triangular domain
How is P related to P1, P2 and P3 ?

P2 P= uP1+ vP2 + wP3

A3 A u = A1/A, v = A2/A, w = A3/A

1
•P A: total area of triangle
A2
P1 P3
u, v, w : Barycentric coordinates.
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Triangle Method

With feature correspondence (Triangle Method)

Source Destination
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Triangle Method

Example
 Computer Animation
Image Morphing
Application