ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No project work is ever the outcome of efforts or talent of group. This is exception. Many
teachers, friends and well-wishers have contributed to this work directly or indirectly and
made it possible to present it in its present shape.

It is not possible to name and thank them individually. We must make special mention
some of the personalities and acknowledge sincere indebtedness to them and preserve
gratitude to many others in our heart.

“You can even do right things you want and you can even do it for the right reasons you
want. But if you don’t have the right and proper guidance, you can never hit a right target.”

It gives us immense pleasure to express our healthy thanks to our respected principal sir Dr.
Ramakant Prusty. We also express deep and sincere gratitude to our guide, Dr. Jayesh J.
Tanna, for his constant encouragement, valuable guidance and constructive suggestions
during all the stages of the project. We would like to thank all faculty members of B. P.
College Of Business Administration because they have been great source of inspiration and
helped us during our whole course by providing us the necessary guidance in every way to
build the better future.

Last but not the least we extend our sincere thanks to all friends, family members, and
colleagues who were involved in some way or the other in the making of the grand project.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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 CHAPTER-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial revolution in the last decade, added with information technology has brought
tremendous competitions in emerging economy in general and Fast moving Consumer
Goods (FMCG) industries in particular. FMCG industry scenario is quite different in India
compare to developed nations. Such phenomenon is dominated by few large players but
FMCG market is highly competitive and forming a significant part in the Indian economy.
The daily consumption of the FMCG products is increasing day-by-day. Considering the
devastating growth, the market reality has also opened up the eyes of society that all FMCG
manufactures do not rationally follow the industry standard of manufacturing quality
products. This industry practice actually detriment to the society and health of huge
consumers who espouse to such FMCG products in their daily consumption. Sighting the
fact in the same direction our Hon’ble Prime Minister of India during his speech on the 69th
Independence Day celebration, declared his vision of 100% Neem Coating of Urea. Once
the Urea is Neem coated, it cannot be pilfered by middlemen. This brings an added
advantage to farmers requiring 10% less Urea and the land benefits from the nutritional
value of Neem.

The Department of Fertilizers (DoF) has directed all 18 Lead Fertilizer Supplier (LFS)
operating in 25 states to scale up this project model in the country in a consultation
organized on 11/11/2016 in New Delhi. The DoF in a landmark policy decision has also
directed that Neem Oil for coating Urea can only be purchased from producers of NeemOil.
UNDP has also conducted an impact assessment study on the Neem Project to understand
the project comprehensively and implement the model elsewhere in the country.

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To this end, in May 2015, the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India
made it mandatory for all indigenous producers of urea to produce 100% of their total
production of subsidized urea and imported urea as Neem coated urea for the year 2015-16.
In implementing the vision of the Hon’ble Prime Minister and the policy mandate, GNFC
spearheaded the Neem Project in January 2015. It is also an important ingredient in Unani
medicine, in “Sharh-e-Mudrifat Al-Qanoon”, Neem has been named as ‘Shajar-e-Mubarak’
or the ‘blessed tree’ because of its highly beneficial properties for overall health, skin care,
virus inhibition, stomach ailments, and dental care.

1.2 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The FMCG industry has been diversified with huge number of players and products with
regard to the commodities used in daily consumption. Moreover, the consumption of
branded items is also equally dominated. Nonetheless, still there are few consumers who are
aware about such hygienic product which add real value in their health.Because the ultimate
objective of every human being is, to concentrate on the “Health which creates the actual
Wealth”. The present generation is almost unaware about the use of naturally made
products. They are health conscious but equally not quality conscious. Hence, in such
perspective, to create awareness among the people for the use of products such as Neem
Products is quite essential to support in maintaining their health.Because Neem is that part
of nature which is helpful in many ways. Keeping in mind such issues, the said study is
going to address very delicate issues of health which is of quite important in the present
context.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To find out the trend of FMCG products’ usages by Gandhinagar Residents in their
daily consumption

2. To investigate average daily expenditure by Gandhinagar Residents for FMCG Products

3. To check the awareness among the Gandhinagar residents for Neem Products

4. To investigate the perception of Gandhinagar Residents for the usage of Neem Products

1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH PROCESS

Research exercise may take many forms but systematic enquiry is features common to all
such forms. Being a systematic enquiry, it requires careful planning of the orderly
investigation process.

STAGES IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS

In planning and designing a specific research project, it is necessary to anticipate all the
steps that must be undertaken if the project is to be successful in collecting valid and reliable
information.

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The steps of marketing research process are highlighted in the following
flow diagram.

Defining Extensive Planning Sample

Problem Literature Research Design
survey Design

Prepare Analyze Collect

Conclusion the Data the Data
and Present
the Report

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RESEARCH DESIGN IS CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOWS

RESEARCH DESIGN

EXPLORATORY DESCRIPTIVE CASUAL/ EXPERIMENTAL

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RESEARCH TYPE

The type of research conducted for this research project is Descriptive Research.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN:

It includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kinds. It is a fact-finding

investigation with adequate interpretation. It is the simplest type of research, and is more
specific than exploratory study, as it focuses on particular aspects of the problem being
studied, so research design used for this project was descriptive research design.

Descriptive research method was the best method applicable to the existing problem
mentioned in this project report. Here the study is conducted to determine the fact.

1. Sample Design

Sampling

An integral component of a research design is sampling plan. Specifically, it addresses three

questions:

1) Whom to survey (the sample unit)?

2) How many to survey (the sample size)?
3) How to select them (the sampling procedure)?

Making the entire universe will be impossible on the account of limitation of time and
money. Hence sampling becomes inevitable. A sample is only a portion of the universe of
population.

According to yule, “The object of sampling is to get maximum information about the
parent population with minimum efforts. Properly done procedures are the representative
data of the entire population”.

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Sampling Unit

A decision has to be taken concerning a sample unit before selecting sample. Sample unit
may be geographical one such as State, District and Village etc. The researcher will have to
decide one or more unit that has to select for his study.

Sampling Method

Probability sampling is known as random sampling or chance sampling. Under this

sampling design every item of the universe has equal chance or probability.

 Sample random sampling

 Systematic sampling

 Stratified sampling

 Cluster and Area sampling

 Sequential sampling

 Multi stage sampling

Non Probability Sampling is also known as deliberate sampling, purposive and judgmental
sampling. Non Probability Sampling is those that do not provide every item in the universe
with a known chance of being include in the sample. Non Probability Samplig are of
following types:

 Convenience Sampling

 Quota Sampling

 Judgmental Sampling

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2. Collecting the Data

The data collection process follows the information of research design including the sample
plan. Data, which can be secondary or primary, can be collected using variety of tools.
These tools are classified into two broad categories, the observation method and the survey
methods, all of which have inherent advantages and limitations.

a) Primary Data

In most research areas, field survey is commonly used to collect primary data from the
respondents. Surveys can be:

1) Personal Interview

2) Questionnaire

It is common practice to use structured questionnaires prepared in advanced, to elicit the

necessary from the respondents. Whether it is personal or mail survey, it is necessary to
design suitable questionnaire, conduct a pilot survey and undertake a pre- testing of the
questionnaire.

In this study, primary data is collected through questionnaire by the form prepared on
Google Form. Our survey is done through two ways:

1) Online form filling by sharing link through social networking sites.

2) By personally meeting with people of Gandhinagar residents and spreading awareness

through discussing with them and giving them the knowledge of usage of Neem in daily
routine.

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b) Secondary Data

Secondary data means data that are already available, it means which have already been
collected and analyzed by someone else. When research utilizes secondary data, research
has to look into various sources from where researcher can obtain data ; usually data
published is available in:

a. Technical and Trade Journals;

b. Books, magazines and Newspapers;

c. Reports and publications of various associations connected with Business and industry;

In this study, secondary data is collected through different books, journals, articles on
awareness of Neem, articles on usage of Neem in daily routine etc.

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1.5 RESEARCH ISSUES

Ever increasing need of FMCG products in consumer market has predominantly widened
the supply side of it by various industries. But the question is that with increase in
production and supply, certain issues like malpractice in the quality of products, misconduct
of quality standards, and delinquency in the use of Raw material for producing such
products etc. has directly or indirectly mutilates the health of public at large. Considering
the fact, it prompts the researchers to pip in the said issues in order to reshape the mindset of
people for habituating them with the products which protect their health. Hence, keeping in
mind these issues we at BPCBA have chosen our research topic on Neem Products. Our
reflective study gives access to illustrate the use and benefits of the Neem products in
comparison to the different products which are prepared from chemical fertilizers.

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1.6 CHAPTERISATION SCHEME

The present study is comprised of seven chapters as briefed below:

Chapter 1: introduces the study with detailed rational of the study, research issues, objectives,
research methodology.

Chapter 2: studies the trend of FMCG products in Gandhinagar.

Chapter 3: provides a brief for average daily expenditure of FMCG products of Gandhinagar
residents.

Chapter 4: reviewing awareness of neem products among Gandhinagar residents.

Chapter 5: evaluating perception of neem products of Gandhinagar residents

Chapter 6: reviewing the literature.

Chapter 7: brings out summary of study, derives conclusions.

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REFERENCES

1. Girish K and ShankaraBhat S. (2008), ‘Neem – A Green Treasure’, Electronic Journal of

Biology, 2008, Vol. 4(3):102-111
2. Júlio C.T. Silva et al(2008), ‘Effect of neem seed extracts on the development of the Soybean
Cysts Nematode’ 2008, Vol. 33, 3, 171-179
3. ‘Neem: A Tree For Solving Global Problems’ published by National Research Council
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
4. Vineet Singh, (2016)'Role of FMCG Companies towards Corporate Social Responsibility (Indian
Insight)’ International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management, Vol 7,
Issue 1, January-April (2016), pp. 15–20.
5. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11321/1 2/12_chapter%204.pdf
6. http://www.dabur.com/en/investors1/DIL-Inv-PresentationEdelweiss%20India-Conf-
Feb-14.pdf
7. http://www.dabur.com/About%20DaburCompany%20History
8. Material on Dabur India Ltd. ( Zonal Office)
9. http://www.dabur.com/en/Investors1/Dil-Inv-PresentationJPMorgan-Conf-Sep-13.pdf
10. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/7856/4/ 04chapter%201.pdf
11. http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/Company/Background/Company-
Profile/Godrej-Consumer-Products-Ltd/532424

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Chapter-2

Introduction of FMCGs

Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) or Consumer Packaged (CPG) are products that
are sold quickly and at relatively low cost. Though the profit margin made on FMCG
products is relatively small (more so for retailers than the producers/suppliers), they are
generally sold in large quantities; thus, the cumulative profit on such products can be
substantial. FMCG is probably the most classic case of low margin and high volume
business.

Conceptualization

The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with an estimated size
of Rs.1,300 billion. The sector has seen tremendous average annual growth of about 11%
per annum over the last decade. In India, the scenario is quite different in comparison to
developed nations where the market is dominated by few large players, whereas FMCG
market in India is highly competitive and a significant part of the market includes
unorganized players selling unbranded and unpackaged products.

Approximately 12-13 million retail stores exist across India, the large percentage of which
around 9 million are kirana stores. India FMCG sectors’ comprises of few significant
characteristics like well-connected distribution network, high level of competition between
the organized and unorganized FMCG players, and low operational cost. In India, FMCG
companies have privilege of having easy availability of raw materials, cheaper labour costs
and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage.

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Products which have a swift turnover and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving
Consumer Goods (FMCG). FMCG items are those which generally get replaced within a
year. Examples of FMCG commonly include the range of daily consumed items such as
toiletries, soap, detergents, cosmetics, oral care products, shaving products, packaged food
products and digestives as well as other non-durables such as bulbs, batteries, paper
products, glassware and plastic goods. FMCG may also include pharmaceuticals, consumer
electronics, etc.

Indian population is spreading and becoming wealthy day by day, particularly the middle
class and the rural segments, offers immense opportunity which is left untapped to FMCG
players. Growth effect will be seen from product customization in the matured product
categories like skin care, processed and packaged food, mouth wash etc. In India, many
MNCs have made their presence through their subsidiaries (HUL, Reckitt Benckiser, P&G)
and the companies launches innovative products from their parent’s portfolio in the market
regularly to ensure the steady growth. India is a agriculture based economy and has a varied
agro-climatic condition which offers extended raw material base suitable for many FMCG
sub sections like food processing industries etc. India is one among those countries which
has the highest production of livestock, milk, spices, sugarcane, cashew, and coconut and
has the second highest production of wheat, rice, vegetables and fruits. Similarly, India has
an abundant supply of caustic soda and soda ash, the major raw materials required to
manufacture soaps and detergents, which helps companies manufacturing soaps and
detergents to grow and prosper. The easy accessibility and availability of these raw materials
gives India an additional edge over other countries.

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BPCBA/ VIA
MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE FMCG INDUSTRY:

Household Care: The detergents segment is experiencing healthy annual growth rate of 10
to 11 per cent during the past five years. People give preference to detergents in place of
bars. Household care segment is featured by intense competition and high level of
penetration.

Personal Care: Personal care segment includes oral care products, skin care products and
cosmetics, hair care products, personal wash products etc.

The oral care market can be categorized into various sub-segments with toothpaste -60
percent; toothpowder -23 percent; toothbrushes -17 percent.

The skin care market is at a primary stage in India. With modernization, the life style has
changed drastically, consumers have more disposable incomes which give greater product
choice and availability of the products give them freedom to purchase. The Indian skin care
and cosmetics market is very large and valued at $274 million.

The hair care market can be divided into hair oils, hair colorants & conditioners, shampoos,
and hair gels. The coconut oil segment covers 72 per cent share in the hair oil market.

Food and Beverages: This segment comprises of the food processing industry- packaged
foods, health beverage industry- bread and biscuits, chocolates & confectionery, Packed
Mineral Water and ice creams. The three largest consumed categories of packaged foods are
packed tea, biscuits and soft drinks. Major players in food segment are HUL, Amul, Dabur,
Nestle, ITC and Godrej.

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The main characteristics of FMCGs are:

From the consumers' perspective:

 Frequent purchase or Daily consumed products

Low involvement (little or no effort to choose the item -- products with strong brand
loyalty are exceptions to this rule)

Low price

From the marketers' angle:

 High volumes

 Low contribution margins

 Extensive distribution networks

 High stock turnover

FMCG Sector in India:

The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size
in excess of US$ 13.1 billion. . In India, companies enjoys the advantage of having cheaper
labour supply, availability of key raw materials and presence across the entire value chain
gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is having a bright future in India as
per studies and is expected to jump from US$ 11.6 billion in 2003 to US$ 33.4 billion in
2015. Per capita consumption/expenditure as well as penetration level in most product
categories like hair wash, packaged foods, jams, skin care, toothpaste etc in India is low 127
indicating the immense opportunity which is left untapped. Indian population is
mushrooming and it is providing opportunities to multinationals as well as the domestic
players to grow.

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In India, the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to producers of
branded products to convert consumers to branded products and this make-shift from
unbranded to branded indicates huge potential to grow in the same industry.

The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size
in excess of US$ 13.1 billion. . In India, companies enjoys the advantage of having cheaper
labour supply, availability of key raw materials and presence across the entire value chain
gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is having a bright future in India as
per studies and is expected to jump from US$ 11.6 billion in 2003 to US$ 33.4 billion in
2015. Per capita consumption/expenditure as well as penetration level in most product
categories like hair wash, packaged foods, jams, skin care, toothpaste etc in India is low 127
indicating the immense opportunity which is left untapped. Indian population is
mushrooming and it is providing opportunities to multinationals as well as the domestic
players to grow.

In India, the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to producers of
branded products to convert consumers to branded products and this make-shift from
unbranded to branded indicates huge potential to grow in the same industry.

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 Chapter 3

Introduction

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 CHAPTER 4

INTRODUCTION ON NEEM

Azadirachta Indica commonly known as neem tree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany
family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta and is native to
the Indian subcontinent i.e. India, Nepal, Pakistan Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives. It
typically is grown in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees also grow in islands
located in the southern part of Iran. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil.

Neem is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 15–20 meters (49–66 ft.), and rarely
35–40 meters (115–131 ft.). It is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most of its
leaves or nearly all leaves. The branches are wide and spreading. The fairly dense crown is
roundish and may reach a diameter of 15–20 meters (49–66 ft.) in old, free-
standing specimen.

The fruit is a smooth (glabrous), olive-like drupe which varies in shape from elongate oval to
nearly roundish, and when ripe is 1.4–2.8 centimeters (0.55–1.10 in) by 1.0–1.5 centimeters
(0.39–0.59 in). The fruit skin (exocarp) is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp (mesocarp) is
yellowish-white and very fibrous. The mesocarp is 0.3–0.5 centimeters (0.12–0.20 in) thick.
The white, hard inner shell (endocarp) of the fruit encloses one, rarely two, or three,
elongated seeds (kernels) having a brown seed coat.

The neem tree is noted for its drought resistance. Normally it thrives in areas with sub-arid
to sub-humid conditions, with an annual rainfall of 400–1,200 millimeters (16–47 in). It can
grow in regions with an annual rainfall below 400 mm, but in such cases it depends largely

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on ground water levels. Neem can grow in many different types of soil, but it thrives best on
well drained deep and sandy soils. It is a typical tropical to subtropical tree and exists at
annual mean temperatures of 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). It can tolerate high to very high
temperatures and does not tolerate temperature below 4 °C (39 °F). Neem is one of a very
few shade-giving trees that thrive in drought-prone areas e.g. the dry coastal, southern
districts of India, and Pakistan. The trees are not at all delicate about water quality and
thrive on the merest trickle of water, whatever the quality. In India and tropical countries
where the Indian diaspora has reached, it is very common to see neem trees used for shade
lining streets, around temples, schools and other such public buildings or in most people's
back yards. In very dry areas the trees are planted on large tracts of land.

Neem leaves are dried in India and placed in cupboards to prevent insects eating the clothes,
and also in tins where rice is stored. Neem leaves are dried and burnt in the tropical regions
to keep away mosquitoes. These flowers are also used in many Indian festivals like Ugadi.

As an ayurvedic herb, neem is also used in baths.

The tender shoots and flowers of the neem tree are eaten as a vegetable in India. A soup like
dish called Veppampoocharu (Tamil) (translated as "neem flower rasam") made of the flower
of neem is prepared in Tamil Nadu. In Bengal, young neem leaves are fried in oil with tiny
pieces of eggplant (brinjal). The dish is called nim begun and is the first item during a Bengali
meal that acts as an appetizer. It is eaten with rice.

Neem is used in parts of mainland Southeast Asia, particularly in Cambodia aka sdov. Laos
(where it is called kadao), Thailand (where it is known as sadao or sdao), Myanmar (where it
is known as tamar) and Vietnam (where it is known as sầu đâu and is used to cook the
salad gỏi sầu đâu). Even lightly cooked, the flavour is quite bitter and the food is not enjoyed
by all inhabitants of these nations, though it is believed to be good for one's health. Neem
gum is a rich source of protein. In Myanmar, young neem leaves and flower buds are boiled

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with tamarind fruit to soften its bitterness and eaten as a vegetable. Pickled neem leaves are
also eaten with tomato and fish paste sauce in Myanmar.

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Products made from neem trees have been used in India for over two millennia for their
medicinal properties. Insufficient research has been done to assess the purported benefits of
neem, however. In adults, short-term use of neem is safe, while long-term use may harm the
kidneys or liver; in small children, neem oil is toxic and can lead to death. Neem may also
cause miscarriages, infertility, and low blood sugar.

Neem oil can cause some forms of toxic encephalopathy and ophthalmopathy if consumed
in large quantities.

Neem (neem) is a key ingredient in non-pesticidal management (NPM), providing a natural

alternative to synthetic pesticides. Neem seeds are ground into a powder that is soaked
overnight in water and sprayed onto the crop. To be effective, it must be applied repeatedly,
at least every ten days. Neem does not directly kill insects on the crop. It acts as an anti-
feedant, repellent, and egg-laying deterrent, protecting the crop from damage. The insects
starve and die within a few days. Neem also suppresses the hatching of pest insects from
their eggs. Neem-based fertilizeres have been effective against the pest southern armyworm.
Neem cake is often sold as a fertilizer.

Neem leaf or bark is considered an effective pitta pacifier because of its bitter taste. Hence, it
is traditionally recommended during early summer in Ayurveda (that is, the month
of Chaitraas per the Hindu calendar which usually falls in the month of March – April).

In the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and of Telangana, Neem flowers are
very popular for their use in 'Ugadi Pachhadi' (soup-like pickle), which is made
on Ugadi day. In Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Telangana, a small amount of Neem
and Jaggery (Bevu-Bella) is consumed on Ugadi day, the Telugu and Kannada New Year,
indicating that one should take both bitter and sweet things in life, joy and sorrow.

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During Gudi Padva, which is the New Year in the state of Maharashtra, the ancient practice
of drinking a small quantity of neem juice or paste on that day, before starting festivities, is
found. As in many Hindu festivals and their association with some food to avoid negative
side-effects of the season or change of seasons, neem juice is associated with Gudi Padva to
remind people to use it during that particular month or season to pacify summer pitta.

In Tamil Nadu during the summer months of April to June, the Mariamman temple festival
is a thousand-year-old tradition. The Neem leaves and flowers are the most important part
of the Mariamman festival. The statue of the goddess Mariamman will be garlanded with
Neem leaves and flowers. During most occasions of celebrations and weddings the people
of Tamil Nadu adorn their surroundings with the Neem leaves and flowers as a form of
decoration and also to ward off evil spirits and infections.

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 PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

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 Chapter 5

Introduction

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 Question 1

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 Question 5

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 Question 6

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 Question 8

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 Question 9

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 Question 10

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 Question 11

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 Question 12

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 Question 13

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 Question 14

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