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Kashmeera N.A. Ii Sem. M.Sc. Zoology ROLL No: 37 Christ College, Ijk
Kashmeera N.A. Ii Sem. M.Sc. Zoology ROLL No: 37 Christ College, Ijk
Recent studies indicate that there are genetic components that regulate
rate of aging.Altering activity of these genes can alter lifespan of an
individual.
The maximum lifespan is a characteristic of
a species;
It is the maximum number of years a
member of species has been known to
survive.
♂ ♂ - 65.77 years ; ♀ ♀ - 67.95 years
Nuclear pyknosis: With advancing age, the nucleus
shrinks and stains deeply. This is due to the
condensation of the nuclear material.
Catalase,Glutathione peroxidase
Respiratory enzymes,Alkaline
phosphatase,Glucose dehydrogenase
Shortening of telomeres
Lipofuscin accumulation
Accumulation
Accumulation of free radicals of free radicals
The Hayflick Limit Theory of Aging says that the human cells ability
to divide is limited to approximately 50-times, after which they
simply stop dividing (and hence die).
Leonard Hayflick
Glucose, the most abundant sugar in the body,
plays a role in the aging process.
Dementia
With age, skin cells divide more slowly, and the inner layer, called
the dermis, begins to thin.
With aging, skin also loses its elasticity, is less able to retain
moisture, oil-secreting glands are less efficient and the skin is
slower to heal.
A recent report shows that there are "hot spots" for age-related
mutations in the mitochondrial genome,
.As one gets older, small traumas to the body build up.
The first pathway involves the decision to remain a larva or to continue growth.
After hatching, the C. elegans larva proceeds through four instar stages, after which it can
become an adult
or (if the nematodes are overcrowded or if there is insufficient food) can enter a nonfeeding,
metabolically dormant dauer stage.
It can remain a dauer larva for up to 6 months, rather than becoming an adult that lives only
a few weeks.
In the dauer stage, adult development is suppressed, and
extra defenses against ROS are synthesized.
DAF9
Steroid
hormone
Dauer larva
Proposed mechanism for extending lifespan
of C.elegans through insulin signalling
pathway
The second pathway involves the gonads.