I.

Topic: Truth Value and Negation MODULE #2

II. Objectives:

At the end of the session, the students must be able to

1. Define truth value.
2. Define counterexample.
3. Negate statements.

III. References:
Synergy for Success in Mathematics pp. 255 - 256

IV. Motivation:

If a plane figure is a square, then it has exactly three sides. Is it true or false?

V. Lesson Proper:

DEFINITION:

The truth value of a statement is a value or attribute corresponding to the truth or falsehood
of the statement.

Example:
1. If an object is a triangle, then it has three sides and three corners. - TRUE
2. If today is Monday, then tomorrow is Tuesday. – TRUE
3. If an animal is a bird, then it can fly. - FALSE

DEFINITION:

A counterexample is an example that proves that a statement is not always true.

STATEMENT COUNTEREXAMPLE
1. If a number is divisible by 2, then it is divisible by 4 6
2. If an animal is a mammal, then it lives on land whale

DEFINITION:

The negation of a statement gives the opposite truth value of the original statement.
𝑝 → 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝

P Not P
True False
False True

HOW ARE STATEMENTS NEGATED?

1. Statements with linking verbs

 Write the word “not” after the linking verb

Examples:
 This lesson is interesting.
 This lesson is not interesting.

 Whole numbers are fractions

 Whole numbers are not fractions

2. Statements with the word “has” or “have”

- replace the word has with the phrase does not have
- replace the word have with the phrase “do not have”
 Examples:
 A square has three sides.
 A square does not have three sides.

 Mage heroes have powerful skills.

 Mage heroes do not have powerful skills.

3. Statements without a linking verb or the words has or have

a. Base form of the verb
 Write the phrase “do not” before the verb

Examples:
 Parallel lines intersect
 Parallel lines do not intersect.

 Vloggers earn a lot in youtube.

 Vloggers do not earn a lot in youtube.

b. S-form of the verb

-Write the phrase “do not” before the verb and remove the letter s/es

Examples:
 A point indicates length.
- A point does not indicate length.

 A grandmaster player bans OP heroes.

- A grandmaster player does not ban OP heroes.

VI. GENERALIZATION:

 The truth value of a statement is a value or attribute corresponding to the truth or

falsehood of the statement.
 A counterexample is an example that proves that a statement is not always true.
 The negation of a statement gives the opposite truth value of the original statement.

VII. EVALUATION:

⊸ A. Determine the truth value of the following statements. If the statement is false,
give a counterexample.

1. If a number is divisible by 5, then it is divisible by 10.

2. If a plane figure is a quadrilateral, then it has four equal sides
3. If a number is multiplied to itself, then the product is a positive number.
4. If a number is a multiple 9, then it is a multiple of 3.
5. If 1 is continuously subtracted from a number, the resulting differences will have
decreasing values.

⊸ B. Give the negation of the following statements.

1. Mathematics is a very difficult subject.

2. A prime number has factors other than 1 and itself.
3. Perpendicular lines intersect at exactly two points.
4. The number 2 divides an odd number without a remainder.
5. Responsible students are bound to fail.