CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

In the chapter this chapter framework and view of related literature is

presented. The theories and concepts that will strengthen this study are shown in

figure 1 page. Moreover, this chapter consists of the different related studies and

articles from books, journal and internet that are related to this study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Books

Books play a significant role in our life. They say that “When you open a book,

you open a new world”. I believe that everyone would agree with this statement as

books have become inevitable to mankind. For the majority of people, books are part

of their everyday life. A book is like a best friend who will never walk away from you.

The core – and perhaps unexpected – thing that books do for us is simplify. It sounds

odd, because we think of literature as sophisticated. But there are powerful ways in

which books organize, and clarify our concerns – and in this sense simplify.

Not all books necessarily contain the simplifications we happen to need. We

are often not in the right place to make use of the knowledge a book has to offer. The

task of linking the right book to the right person at the right time hasn’t yet received the

attention it deserves: newspapers and friends recommend books to us because they

work for them, without quite thinking through why they might also work for us. But
when we happen to come across the ideal book for us we are presented with an

extraordinarily clearer, more lucid, better organised account of our own concerns and

experiences: for a time at least our minds become less clouded and our hearts

become more accurately sensitive. Through books’ benign simplification, we become

a little better at being who we always really were.

K – 12 Curriculum

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education

(six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of

Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills,

develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level

skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

The Department of Education has in the past years been working towards the

implementation of the K-12 program that is designed to “provide sufficient time for

mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for

tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and

entrepreneurship.” The extension of the basic education to 12 years seeks to boost

the quality of Philippine education to make it at par with that of other countries. The

K-12 program is described to have six salient features:

 Strengthening early childhood education through universal Kindergarten,

 Making the curriculum relevant to learners,

 Ensuring integrated and seamless learning,

 Building proficiency through use of mother tongue based multi-lingual

education,

 Provision of career tracks and 6) nurturing holistically developed Filipino .

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics are intertwining disciplines

when applied in the real world. The difference of the STEM curriculum with the other

strands and tracks is the focus on advanced concepts and topics. Under the track, you can

become a pilot, an architect, an astrophysicist, a biologist, a chemist, an engineer, a

dentist, a nutritionist, a nurse, a doctor, and a lot more. Those who are also interested in

Marine Engineering should take this track.

ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management)

The Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand would focus on the

basic concepts of financial management, business management, corporate operations,

and all things that are accounted for. ABM can also lead you to careers on management

and accounting which could be sales manager, human resources, marketing director,

project officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and a lot more.
 HUMMS (Humanities and Social Sciences)

The HUMMS strand is designed for those who wonder what is on the other side of

the wall. In other words, you are ready to take on the world and talk to a lot of people. This

is for those who are considering taking up journalism, communication arts, liberal arts,

education, and other social science-related courses in college. If you take this strand, you

could be looking forward to becoming a teacher, a psychologist, a lawyer, a writer, a social

worker, or a reporter someday.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

The importance of reading of books as an avenue to improved reading has been stressed

by theorists, researchers, even students and practitioners alike, no matter what their

perspectives. There are few ideas more widely accepted than that reading is learned through

reading. (National Reading Panel, 2000)

One of the best ways to exercise the mind is by reading books, not only will that add to

one’s existing knowledge, but it will also keep the brain sharp especially in students who really

need books for study. (Mapua, 2016)

The value of reading of books as preparation for college should never be underestimated, not

even as the focus of higher education turns to STEM majors and career preparation. (Sullivan,

2016)
 Books can never be replaced. Books are a symbol of knowledge, emotions and the very

reason for human wisdom. You can see that for a very long time for hundreds of years nothing

could replace books and nothing will. (Muralidhar, 2017)

Books, we can experience new things that we would not normally be able to experience. With

an active imagination, you can go to other worlds or made up worlds. Books can change our

lives and other people’s lives. Reading can make us more intelligent. Without reading we

wouldn’t know anything that we know today. Our forefathers have taught us more than we know.

(Kgbook, 2014)