TECHNICAL MATHEMATICS

BUM 1113

CHAPTER 3 :
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONSPREPARED BY:
ADAM BIN SAMSUDIN
ROOM : CABIN LE 1023
EXT : 2280
FIST UMP
CONTENT

 3.1 Exponential Functions

 3.2 The Exponential Functions
 3.3 Logarithmic Functions
 3.4 Properties of Logarithmic
 3.5 Equations with Logs and Exponents
 3.6 Exponential growth and decay.
Lesson Outcomes

 Evaluate and simplify a logarithmic

expression, and sketch the graph of
logarithmic function.

 Apply the properties of logarithms.

3.3 Logarithmic Functions

 Previously, we studied exponential

functions. Now we consider functions
that are inverses of exponential
functions. These inverse functions are
called logarithmic functions.
The Step :

 We begin by writing the exponential function f(x) =

b^x in the form
y  bx (1)
1
 Then, to obtain an equation for , we interchange x
f
and y in equation (1). This gives us
x  by (2)
 The crucial step now is to express equation (2) in
words:
y is the exponent to which b must be raised to yield x
Definition :

 We define the expression log b^x

“the exponent to which b must

be raised to yield x.”
(log b^x is read log base b of x or the
logarithm of x to the base b.)
Important Relationship :
Example 1 :
The Logarithmic Function y = logb x (b > 1)
 Note…!

 For the rest of this chapter

we assume that the base b is
greater than 1 when we use
the expression log x.
b
EXAMPLE 2:
The “ln” Notation for Base e Logarithms
3.4 Properties of Logarithmic
Example :
Example :
 Change of Base for Logarithms

EXAMPLE :
THANK
YOU
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