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Switches, Circuit Breakers Fuses
Switches, Circuit Breakers Fuses
FUSES
BREAKERS &
SWITCHES, CIRCUIT
switches
DEFINITION
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MECHANICAL SWITCHES
ELECTRONIC SWITCHES
Upon actuation, the arm causes the switch contacts to change position.
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FLOAT SWITCH
A pressure detection element operates a set of contacts (typically single or double pole)
The contact is closed upon detecting a set pressure level, which can happen either due to
pressure rise or pressure fall.
It can be operated by: a diaphragm, metal bellow (Bourdon tube) or pistons, which deform or
displace proportionally to the applied pressure.
Since pressure change can be rather slow, sometimes a miniature snap-action switch (or a
microswitch) is added to ensure the quick operation of the contacts.
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ROTARY SWITCHES
Power diode
MOSFET
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
DEFINITION
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When the switch is in the „on” position, the current flows from the bottom terminal, through
the electromagnet up to the moving contact and the stationary contact, and out through
the upper terminal.
The electromagnet’s magnetic force is increased by an increasing current, and vice versa.
Upon reaching dangerous current levels, the electromagnet is strong enough to pull down the
metal lever connected to the switch linkage.
The switch linkage then tilts and pulls the moving contact away from the stationary contact to
break the circuit.
Bimetallic strip operates similarly, but instead of being energized it bends to move the switch
linkage.
TYPES
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Circuit breakers are typically classified according to the voltage they operate at
(low, medium & high), the principle of operation (magnetic, thermal, etc) or the
medium used to extinguish or quench the arc (vacuum, air, gas, oil).
On board ship, generator circuit breakers and other low-voltage distribution circuit
breakers are typically of air break type (ACB).
2 pairs of contacts:The main pair carries the current at normal load, while the
second pair is the arcing contact.
When the circuit breaker is opened, the main contacts open first, at which
point the arcing contacts are still in touch with each other.
As the main contacts open, no arcing will occur - the arcing is initiated once
the arcing contacts separate.
Each of the arc contacts contains an arc runner (a driven section) which
facilitates the upwards movement of the arc discharge, where it enters the arc
chute.
In the chute, it will become colder, lengthen and split as arc voltage becomes
much larger than the system voltage, and finally become extinguished.
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VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
fuses
DEFINITION
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VOCAB CHECK
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SKLOPKA SWITCH
OSIGURAČ FUSE
ONEMOGUĆITI INHIBIT
RUČKA THROW
MIKROPREKIDAČ MICROSWITCH
PRIGUŠITI QUENCH
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