Xxxxx school

CLASS – XII

PHYSICS PROJECT REPORT

TOPIC: Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher
as well as our principal Mrs.
who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic (Full Wave
Bridge Rectifier), which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know
about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my

parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
 Certificate

This is to certify that d.xxxxxx of class XII

has completed his physics project
entitled "Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier ".
 Contents
Aim

Introduction

Theory

Materials required

Circuit diagram

Working

Graph

Applications

Merits and Demerits

Bibliography
 Aim
Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier
 Introduction
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to
rectify all the alternating current components in
an alternating supply and make it purely a direct
current. The two alternating halves of an
alternation current are rectified in a full wave
rectifier which is an advantage over a half wave
rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand
very high voltage or alternating current due to its
intense high power. The use of batteries in all
devices is not practical as their replssacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to
be dismantled each time for such a replacement.
So these rectifiers are used in most of the
electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and
Lightings etc.
Materials Required
• connecting wi

• Balance

• Coil spring

• Weight hanger

• Rod & Table

• Clamp

• Rubber band

• Meter stick

• Spring Clamp

•
Circuit Diagram
 Working
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the
transformer, it steps down the 230V main
supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of
delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts
A.C. appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input
Diode D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’
flows in the circuit in the direction
S1D1ABEOS1.

During this time diode D2 is reverse biased.

So it does not conduct any electric current.
During the next half cycle the diode D2 is
forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2
conducts current in the direction
S2D2ABEOS2 and D1 does not conduct any
current. In subsequent half cycles of the
A.C current the above processes are
repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear
that current flows through the resistor in
only one direction ABE. Even though the
voltage across RL is unidirectional it will
still contain a few A.C components.

This is filtered and made smooth using a

capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C
current. A resistor is then used to adjust
the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly
filters all A.C components from the supply
and resistance is adjusted for the required
output. As this is a simple circuit, only one
capacitor and a resistance are being used.
But there will be slight factor of A.C.
current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and
voltage light up the LED.
 Theory
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts
alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses
direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only
one direction.

The process is known as rectification, since it

"straightens" the direction of current. Physically,
rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum
tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, stacks of copper and
selenium oxide plates, semiconductor diodes, silicon-
controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based
semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous
electromechanical switches and motors have been used.
Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a
"cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of
galena (lead sulphide) to serve as a point-contact
rectifier or "crystal detector".
Graph
Applications of the Full
Wave Bridge Rectifier
Circuit

Full Wave Bridge Rectifier is used to detect the

amplitude of the modulating radio signal.

Bridge rectifier circuits are also used to supply

steady and polarized Dc voltage in the electric
welding.

The Bridge Rectifier circuits are widely used in

power supply for various appliances, as they are
capable of converting the High AC voltage into
Low DC voltage.
Full wave rectifiers are also used for powering
up the devices which work on DC voltage like
motor and led.

A half wave rectifier is used in firing circuits and

pulse generating circuits

Because of the low cost compared to the centre

tapped, rectifier are majorly used in power
supplies circuits.

In daily life, rectifier fined use in mobile

chargers.
Merits and Demerits
Merits:

The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier

is double of that of a half-wave rectifier.

The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency

in case of full-wave rectifier so simple filtering
circuit is required.

Higher output voltage, higher output power and

higher Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF) in
case of a full-wave rectifier.

In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due

to dc saturation of the core because the dc
current in the two halves of the two halves of
the transformer secondary flow in opposite
directions.

Demerits:

Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit elements

and is costlier
Bibliography
Physics-NCERT textbook (class XI)

Modern’s abc of physics

Laboratory manual of physics (universal

publications)

Encyclopaedia