SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON
“Accounts Executive at Niki Chemical Industries”

In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of

Master of Business Administration
(2017-2019)

\
LACHOO MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY Submitted To
BHARAT RATHI Dr. Vandana Gupta
M.B.A. 3rd Semester (2017-2019) (Asst. Professor)
Roll No. 174301004

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

With regard to my internship training with Account Executive I would like

to thank each and every one who offered help, guideline and support
whenever required.

First and fore most I would like to express gratitude to the principle Dr. Rajeev
Mathur for their support and opportunity. I am extremely grateful to my guide,
Dr. Vandana Gupta Ma’am for their valuable guidance and timely suggestions. I
would like to thank all faculty members of department of management for the
valuable guidance &support.

I would also like to express my sincere thanks to my project guide, Mr. Vijay
Vishwanath, General Manager of Niki Chemical Industries, for guiding me right
from the inception till the successful completion of my internship. I sincerely
acknowledge him for extending valuable guidance, and also like to thank the
supporting staff of the “Niki Chemical Industries” group for their help and
cooperation through my internship training.

I am also thankful to my parents and friends for providing me with the conceptual
base and secondary data and for their timely and valuable suggestion. Above all,
I thank god Almighty who showed his infinite wisdom and grace and mercy upon
me for accomplishing this project.

(BHARAT RATHI)

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 INDEX
CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO.
NO.
1 Introduction to the Industry 5-16
1.1 Overview of Lime Industry
1.2 Production
1.3 Cycle
1.4 Building materials
1.5 Review of literature
2 Introduction to the Company 17-27
2.1 The Company Background
2.2 Owner Info
2.3 Products
2.3 Research Methodology
3 Introduction to the Topic: Account Executive 27-33
3.1 Overview of Account Executive
3.2 History of Account Executive
3.3 IT organizations
3.4 Contract life cycle
3.5 List of accounting roles
3.6 Duties and responsibilities
3.7 Working with clients
4 SWOT Analysis 34
5 Conclusion & Suggestions 35
6 Bibliography 36-37

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 Introduction to the Industry

Limestone
Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral in which oxides,
and hydroxides predominate. In the strict sense of the term, lime is calcium
oxide or calcium hydroxide. It is also the name of the natural mineral (native
lime) CaO which occurs as a product of coal seam fires and in
altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta.[1] The word lime originates with
its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of sticking or adhering.

These materials are still used in large quantities as building and

engineering materials (including limestone products, cement, concrete,
and mortar), as chemical feedstocks, and for sugar refining, among other uses.
Lime industries and the use of many of the resulting products date
from prehistoric times in both the Old World and the New World. Lime is used
extensively for wastewater treatment with ferrous sulfate.

The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, typically
limestone or chalk, are composed primarily of calcium carbonate. They may be
cut, crushed, or pulverized and chemically altered. Burning (calcination) converts
them into the highly caustic material quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) and,
through subsequent addition of water, into the less caustic (but still
strongly alkaline) slaked lime or hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2),

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the process of which is called slaking of lime. Lime kilns are the kilns used for
lime burning and slaking.

When the term is encountered in an agricultural context, it usually refers

to agricultural lime, which is crushed limestone, not a product of a lime kiln.
Otherwise it most commonly means slaked lime, as the more dangerous form is
usually described more specifically as quicklime or burnt lime.

Production
In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80%
or more of calcium or magnesium carbonates, including marble, chalk, oolite,
and marl. Further classification is by composition as high
calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious, conglomerate, magnesian, dolomite,
and other limestones. Uncommon sources of lime include coral, sea
shells, calcite and ankerite.

Limestone is extracted from quarries or mines. Part of the extracted stone,

selected according to its chemical composition and optical granulometry, is
calcinated at about 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) in different types of lime kilns to produce
quicklime according to the reaction: {\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset
{calcium~carbonate}{CaCO3}}->[][{\text{heat}}]{\overset

{calcium~oxide}{CaO}}+{\overset {carbon~dioxide}{CO2}}}}} .
Before use, quicklime is hydrated, that is combined with water, called slaking, so
hydrated lime is also known as slaked lime, and is produced according to the
reaction: {\displaystyle {\ce {{CaO}+{\overset {water}{H2O}}->{\overset

{calcium~hydroxide}{Ca(OH)2}}}}} .
Dry slaking is when quicklime is slaked with just enough water to hydrate
the quicklime, but remain as a powder and is referred to as hydrated lime. In wet

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slaking, a slight excess of water is added to hydrate the quicklime to a form
referred to as lime putty.

Because lime has an adhesive property with bricks and stones, it is often
used as binding material in masonry works. It is also used in whitewashing as
wall coat to adhere the whitewash onto the wall.

Cycle

The lime cycle for high-calcium lime

The process by which limestone (calcium carbonate) is converted to
quicklime by heating, then to slaked lime by hydration, and naturally reverts to
calcium carbonate by carbonation is called the lime cycle. The conditions and
compounds present during each step of the lime cycle have a strong influence of
the end product, thus the complex and varied physical nature of lime products.

An example is when slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is mixed into a thick

slurry with sand and water to form mortar for building purposes. When the
masonry has been laid, the slaked lime in the mortar slowly begins to react with
carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (limestone) according to the reaction:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O.

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 The carbon dioxide that takes part in this reaction is principally available
in the air or dissolved in rainwater so pure lime mortar will not recarbonate under
water or inside a thick masonry wall.

The lime cycle for dolomitic and magnesium lime is not well
understood[5] but more complex because the magnesium compounds also slake
to periclase which slake more slowly than calcium oxide and when hydrated
produce several other compounds thus these limes contain inclusions
of portlandite, brucite, magnesite, and other magnesium hydroxycarbonate
compounds. These magnesium compounds have very limited, contradictory
research which questions whether they "...may be significantly reactive with acid
rain, which could lead to the formation of magnesium sulfate salts." Magnesium
sulfate salts may damage the mortar when they dry and recrystalize due to
expansion of the crystals as they form which is known as sulfate attack.

Building materials
Lime used in building materials is broadly classified as "pure", "hydraulic",
and "poor" lime; can be natural or artificial; and may be further identified by its
magnesium content such as dolomitic or magnesium lime. Uses include lime
mortar, lime plaster, lime render, lime-ash floors, tabby
concrete, whitewash, silicate mineral paint, and limestone blocks which may be
of many types. The qualities of the many types of processed lime affect how they
are used. The Romans used two types of lime mortar to make Roman concrete,
which allowed them to revolutionize architecture, sometimes called the Concrete
Revolution.

Lime has many complex qualities as a building product including

workability which includes cohesion, adhesion, air content, water content, crystal
shape, board-life, spreadability, and flowability; bond strength; comprehensive

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strength; setting time; sand-carrying capacity; hydrolocity; free lime content;
vapor permeability; flexibility; and resistance to sulfates. These qualities are
affected by many factors during each step of manufacturing and installation,
including the original ingredients of the source of lime; added ingredients before
and during firing including inclusion of compounds from the fuel exhaust; firing
temperature and duration; method of slaking including a hot mix (quicklime
added to sand and water to make mortar), dry slaking and wet slaking; ratio of
the mixture with aggregates and water; the sizes and types of aggregate;
contaminants in the mixing water; workmanship; and rate of drying during
curing.

Pure lime is also known as fat, rich, common, air, slaked, slack, pickling,
hydrated, and high calcium lime. It consists primarily of calcium hydroxide which
is derived by slaking quicklime (calcium oxide), and may contain up to 5% of
other ingredients. Pure lime sets very slowly through contact with carbon dioxide
in the air and moisture; it is not a hydraulic lime so it will not set under water.
Pure lime is pure white and can be used for whitewash, plaster, and mortar. Pure
lime is soluble in water containing carbonic acid, a natural, weak acid which is a
solution of carbon dioxide in water and acid rain so it will slowly wash away, but
this characteristic also produces autogenous or self-healing process where the
dissolved lime can flow into cracks in the material and be redeposited,
automatically repairing the crack.

Semi-hydraulic lime, also called partially hydraulic and grey lime, sets
initially with water and then continues to set with air. This lime is similar to
hydraulic lime but has less soluble silica (usually minimum 6%) and aluminates,
and will set under water but will never harden.

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 Hydraulic lime is also called water lime. Hydraulic lime contains lime with
silica or alumina and sets with exposure to water and can set under
water.[11] Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is made from a limestone which
naturally contains some clay. Artificial hydraulic lime is made by adding forms
of silica or alumina such as clay to the limestone during firing, or by adding
a pozzolana to pure lime. Hydraulic limes are classified by their
strength: feebly, moderately and eminently hydraulic lime. Feebly hydraulic
lime contains 5-10% clay, slakes in minutes, and sets in about three weeks. It is
used for less expensive work and in mild climates. Moderately hydraulic lime
contains 11-20% clay, slakes in one to two hours, and sets in approximately one
week. It is used for better quality work and exterior walls in freezing climates.
Eminently hydraulic lime contains 21-30% clay, slakes very slowly, and sets in
approximately a day. It is used in harsh environments such as damp locations and
near saltwater. Hydraulic lime is off-white in color. "The degree of hydraulicity
of mortars will affect many characteristics. By selecting an appropriate ratio of
clay to limestone mortars that carbonate or set hydraulically to a varying extents
can be designed for particular application requirements such as setting time,
strength, colour, durability, frost resistance, workability, speed of set in the
presence of water, vapour permeability etc."

Poor lime is also known as lean or meager lime. Poor lime sets and cures
very slowly and has weak bonding. Poor lime is grey in color.

Magnesium lime contains more than 5% magnesium oxide (BS 6100) or

5-35% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-91).[12] Dolomitic lime has a high
magnesium content of 35-46% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-
91)[12] Dolomitic lime is named for the Dolomite Mountains in the Italian and
Austrian Alps.

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 In the United States the most commonly used masonry lime is Type S
hydrated lime which is intended to be added to Portland cement to
improve plasticity, water retention and other qualities. The S in type S stands for
special which distinguishes it from Type N hydrated lime where the N stands for
normal. The special attributes of Type S are its "...ability to develop high, early
plasticity and higher water retentivity and by a limitation on its unhydrated oxide
content."[14] The term Type S originated in 1946 in ASTM C 207 Hydrated Lime
for Masonry Purposes. Type S lime is almost always dolomitic lime, hydrated
under heat and pressure in an autoclave, and used in mortar, render, stucco,
and plaster. Type S lime is not considered reliable as a pure binder in mortar due
to high burning temperatures during production.

Kankar lime, a lime made from kankar which is a form of calcium

carbonate.

Selenitic lime, also known as Scotts' cement after Henry Young Darracott
Scott is a cement of grey chalk or similar lime, such as in the Lias Group, with
about 5% added gypsum plaster (calcined gypsum). Selenite is a type of gypsum,
but selenitic cement may be made using any form of sulfate or sulfuric
acid. Sulphate arrests slaking, causes the cement to set quickly and stronger.

Review of literature:
Ostroff (1992) investigated the relationship between employees’ attitudes and
organizational performance. Ostroff found that aggregated job satisfaction and
organizational commitment were concurrently related to the performance of the
employees, as measured by several performance outcomes such as employee
achievement and employee turnover rates.

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Ryan, Schmitt and Johnson (1996) investigated similar relationships between
aggregated employee attitudes, firm productivity, and customer satisfaction. The
authors measured these relationships at two points in time from 142 branches of
an auto finance company. Results indicated employee morale was related to
subsequent business performance indicators, customer satisfaction sentiments,
and turnover ratios. These researchers attempted to study the causal relations
among the variables; however, their attempts lead to mostly inconclusive
findings. Interestingly, they did find evidence suggestive of customer satisfaction
as a causal influence on morale.

Harter et al (2002) conducted a Meta analysis of studies previously conducted

by The Gallup Organization. The study examined aggregated employee job
satisfaction sentiments and employee engagement, with the latter variable
referring to individual’s involvement with as well as enthusiasm for work. Based
on 7,939 business units in 36 organizations, the researchers found positive and
substantive correlations between employee satisfaction-engagement and the
business unit outcomes of productivity, profit, employee turnover, employee
accidents, and customer satisfaction. More importantly, these researchers
explored the practical utility of the observed relationships. For example, business
units in the top quartile on the employee engagement measure yielded 1 to 4
percentage points higher profitability. Similar findings were found for
productivity. Specifically, business units in the top quartile on employee
engagement had, on average, from $80,000 to $120,000 higher monthly revenue
or sales. Based on these data, it seems clear that aggregated measures of employee
satisfaction and employee engagement are meaningfully related to business
outcomes at a magnitude that is important to many (if not all) organizations. In
comparison to prior studies, the strength of Harter and his colleagues’ research is
the large number of participants (n = 198,514), business units (n = 7,939), and

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firms (n = 36) included, thereby providing a level of precision and statistical
power rarely found in scholarly (i.e., non-proprietary) research.

Schneider et al (2003) report analyses of employee attitude survey data

aggregated to the organizational level of analysis. These authors explored the
relationships between several facets of employee satisfaction and organizational
financial (return on assets; ROA) and market performance (earnings per share;
EPS) using data from 35 organizations over a period of eight years. Thus, in
contrast to previous studies, Schneider and his colleagues’ study was able to make
some inferences about directional causality (i.e., are employee attitudes a stronger
cause of organizational performance than the reverse). Their results showed
consistent and statistically significant positive relationships (over varied time
lags) between attitudes concerning satisfaction with security, satisfaction with
pay, and overall job satisfaction with financial (ROA) and market performance
(EPS). Although these findings are consistent with applied researchers’ and
managers’ implicit beliefs, their study was not without some surprises. One of the
more surprising findings was related to overall job satisfaction and the
performance criteria. Results demonstrated that the causal directionality flows
from financial and market performance to overall job satisfaction. This latter
result does not deny the fact that there were significant relations going from
overall job satisfaction to ROA and EPS; nevertheless, the reverse direction
relationships tended to be stronger in magnitude. Moreover, the relationship
between satisfaction with pay and the performance indicators appeared to be
reciprocal in nature. The obvious strength of this research study is the longitudinal
nature of both the aggregated employee data and the financial and market
performance data. By collecting longitudinal data on both sets of variables, these
researchers were able to examine and begin to disentangle a set of very important
but complex relationships.

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(Davis et al 1985) Job satisfaction represents a combination of positive or
negative feelings that workers have towards their work. Meanwhile, when a
worker employed in a business organization, brings with it the needs, desires and
experiences which determinates expectations that he has dismissed. Job
satisfaction represents the extent to which expectations are and match the real
awards. Job satisfaction is closely linked to that individual's behavior in the work
place.

(Kaliski 2007) Job satisfaction is a worker’s sense of achievement and success

on the job. It is generally perceived to be directly linked to productivity as well
as to personal well-being. Job satisfaction implies doing a job one enjoys, doing
it well and being rewarded for one’s efforts. Job satisfaction further implies
enthusiasm and happiness with one’s work. Job satisfaction is the key ingredient
that leads to recognition, income, promotion, and the achievement of other goals
that lead to a feeling of fulfilment.

(Statt 2004) Job satisfaction can be defined also as the extent to which a worker
is content with the rewards he or she gets out of his or her job, particularly in
terms of intrinsic motivation.

(Armstrong, 2006)The term job satisfaction refers to the attitude and feelings
people have about their work. Positive and favorable attitudes towards the job
indicate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable attitudes towards the job
indicate job dissatisfaction.

(George et al 2008) Job satisfaction is the collection of feeling and beliefs that
people have about their current job. People’s levels of degrees of job satisfaction
can range from extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. People also can

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have attitudes about various aspects of their jobs such as the kind of work they
do, their coworkers, supervisors or subordinates and their pay.

(Mullins 2005) Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept which can
mean different things to different people. Job satisfaction is usually linked with
motivation, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. Satisfaction is not the
same as motivation.

(Azeri, 2008) Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal state. It could,

for example, be associated with a personal feeling of achievement, either
quantitative or qualitative. We consider that job satisfaction represents a feeling
that appears as a result of the perception that the job enables the material and
psychological needs.

(Gumesson 1987) long-term relationships with customers are especially

important in services, where relationships with customers can be more expensive
to establish. The emphasis on relationships is also important in industrial markets.
This does not mean that short-term sales are not desirable. In fact, they may be
very profitable. However, if close and long-term relationships can be achieved,
this will lead to increased profitability for the company and reduced costs and
make market entry or share gain difficult for competitors.

(Berry 1983) Relationship marketing is applicable when there is an ongoing and

periodic desire for the service and when the customer controls the selection of a
service supplier and has alternatives from which to choose.

(Lewis 1989) points out that emphasizing service is one thing; delivering it is
another. In fact, he considers that emphasizing service is not the most appropriate
approach to adopt. His basic idea is that emphasis should be placed on the

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customer and that focusing on the customer renders marketing and service
inseparable.

(Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne 1991) go further than this to describe a

new synthesis between quality, customer service and marketing. They argue that
quality is also a key linkage in the exchange relationship between the organization
and its customer. They maintain that ‘unless management can bring these
activities together with new forms of collaboration and cross-functional
coordination, there can be no sustainable competitive advantage. Relationship
marketing can therefore be seen as a focal point for integrating customer service
and quality with a marketing orientation.

(Schneider and Bowen 1985) have found that when employees identify with the
norms and values of an organization, they are less inclined to leave and,
furthermore, customers are likely to be more satisfied with the service.

(Helman and Payne, 1991) The extent therefore, to which these organizations
can attract, keep and motivate quality personnel will influence their capability to
offer quality services to their customers. Consistently offering services that match
the requirements of the external customer will be an important factor in building
strong long-lasting customer relationships. The concept of internal marketing
emerged in the literature in the last 15 years as a way of enabling companies to
get, motivate and retain customer-conscious employees, and was then described
more widely in the services management literature. The aims of internal
marketing are to improve internal marketing relationships, quality and customer
service in order to satisfy internal and external customer needs.

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 Introduction to the Company

Company Background

Niki Chemical Industries is India's leading manufacturer of Quicklime,

Hydrated Lime, Limestone and Allied Minerals.

With over 35 years of experience in Limestone and Calcium Products

Industry, we specialize in offering custom-made high grade Hydrated Lime,
Quicklime, Limestone and Allied Minerals.

Niki Chemical Industries is a Member of SEDEX, UK and ISO Compliant

manufacturing firm, with its origin as Balaji Chemicals, founded in 1981 by
Meghraj Lohiya.

Our manufacturing facility is situated in the Sun City of Jodhpur amidst of

India's richest Limestone deposits at Gotan belt, Rajasthan. We are the only lime
manufacturer in Jodhpur region having a fully dedicated marketing and co-
ordination office in Mumbai (the commercial capital of India) to provide prompt
and easy interaction with our customers and other stakeholders.

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 We are a Member of SEDEX, UK which is home to one of the world’s
largest collaborative platform for buyers, suppliers and auditors to store, share
and report on information quickly and easily. The platform is used by more than
38,000 members in over 150 countries to manage performance around labour
rights, health & safety, the environment and business ethics.

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Owner Info

He is one of the most reputed Industrialists in Rajasthan. He has a Master

Degree in Commerce from University of Jodhpur and has more than 35 years of
rich experience in Lime related industries

Presently:
 Chairman (State Minister), The Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd.
(A Government of Rajasthan Undertaking) (Re-appointed in January 2016)
 President of Rajasthan Lime Manufacturers Association
 President of All India Lime Manufacturers Association
 Member of B.J.P. Jodhpur District Core Committee
 councillor, Jodhpur Municipal Corporation

In the Past:
 Chairman (State Minister), The Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Ltd.
(2007-2008)
 Chairman, Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural
Technology (Under The aegis of Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of
India)

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 Member, Central Wood Development Board (1998-2003) (Govt. of India)
 Member, VAT Committee (Government of Rajasthan)
 Member, Rajasthan Pollution Control Board (Government of Rajasthan)
 Member, Jail Advisory Committee (Government of Rajasthan)
 Member, District Vigilance Committee (Government of Rajasthan)
 Member, B.J.P. (Rajasthan) State Executive
 President, Jodhpur Industries Association (1997-1999)
 Founder and President, Laghu Udyog Bharti (Jodhpur District) (1995-2003)
 Member of Jodhpur Development Authority (Earlier known as Urban
Improvement Trust) (1995-98)
 Councillor, Jodhpur Municipal Corporation (1983-88)
 President, Jodhpur District Swimming Association
 Vice President, University of Jodhpur (1980)

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Products
Limestone
Lime stone is a naturally occurring sedimentary rock consisting of calcium
carbonate. It is being used by almost every industry i.e. fertilizers, food nutrients,
construction, chemical, paper & pulp, metallurgical, oil refinery, agriculture etc.
in powdered, lumps or other form. Limestone provided by us is processed
exquisitely under the team of skilled professional.
Specifications Grade

% CaCO3 92 – 95%

% MgCO3 2.50 (max.)

% Silica 1.50 (max.)

% Fe2O3 0.2 (max.)

% Others 0.6

Size 0 – 6 mm/ 6 -25 mm/ 25 -50 mm

Packing Loose

QuickLime
Pure limestone extracted from quarries as a raw material (calcium
carbonate), is burnt in a kiln at approximately 800 – 850 degrees Celsius to create
calcium oxide. This is then crushed into chippings ready to be slaked.
Calcium oxide or quicklime is widely used versatile chemical compound,
made from excellent deposit of high calcium limestone. We offer the finest
quality Quicklime which is known for it's purity & heat generation, sugar
industry.
It is heavily used in sugar industry & refining of sugar, construct industry for
manufacturer of Aerated concrete blocks, ROW & STEEL INDUSTRY for
refining of Iron Ore.
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Given below are our product specifications:-
Specifications Grade

% of lime as CaO >90%

Acid Insoluble % 1.0 (max)

Magnesia as MgO % 1.0 (max.)

Metal Oxides as Fe2O3 & Al2O3)% 0.15(max.)

L.O.I (Loss on Ignition)% 3.0 (max.)

Reactivity (4N HCl) 400 ml

Brightness % >80

Moisture % 0.5%

0-3mm
Sizes % 0-10mm
10 - 50mm

Packing* 1 M.T. Once used Jumbo Bags .

Hydrated Lime
Hydrated Lime or Calcium Hydroxide is produced by reacting quicklime
with water. Hydrated lime is used for water treatment in E.T.P., Soil stabilization,
hot mix asphalt, in construction, caustic soda, PH correction, pellatisation of steel,
bleaching powder, pickling of steel, white grease, sanitation.protective points for
buildings as a whitening agents in sugar industry etc.

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Given below are our product specifications:-
Specification Grade Grade Grade
A B C D E F
s 1 2 SP

% OF
AVAILABL
96±1 +94 +92 +90 +85 +80 +75 +70 +65
E LIME AS
Ca(OH)2

% ACTIVE 73±
+71 +69.5 +68 +64 +60 +56 +52 +49
CaO 0.7

% ACID
INSOLUBL 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 6.0
ES (Max.)

%
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1% 1% 1.5% 1.5% 2.5%
MOISTURE

As As As As As As
As Fe As Fe As Fe
% IRON & Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe
<0.01 <0.05 <0.05
ALUMINA <0.02 <0.03 <0.03 <0.04 <0.06 <0.06
8 0 5
5 0 5 0 0 0

%
MAGNESIA 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 1 1.25 1.5 2 2
AS MgO

MESH (BSS) 500 400 300 250 200 200 150 150 150

Laminated
PP/HDPE
PACKING PP/HDPE & Jumbo Bag PP/HDPE Bag
Bag &
Jumbo Bag

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QuickLime Powder
It is the powdered form of calcium oxide
QuickLime Powder/ Calcium Oxide Powder/ Burnt Lime Powder
Specifications Grade 1 Grade 2

% of Available lime as CaO 85 80

Acid insolubles % 1.0 (Max.) 1.50 (Max.)

Magnesium as MgO % 1.0 (Max.) 1.50 (Max.)

R2O3 % 0.10 (Max.) 0.15 (Max.)

Mesh (BSS) 300 200

Reactivity Time 55°C 15minutes 15minutes

Laminated PP/HDPE bag

Packing
Jumbo Bags on demand

Dolomite Lime
Calcined Dolomite or Flux Dolomite is the name given to the quicklime
formed from calcining a natural dolomitic limestone. It contains high levels of
Magnesium Oxide along with calcium.
Below are the different specifications:
Name CaO MgO SiO2 LOI

Dolomite >52 % & above >33% & above >3-4% >3-5 %

Uses Appliction: In foundry and iron melting.

Diatomaceous Earth
Chemical & Physical Analysis of Diatomaceous Earth Powder/Filter AID
of Silicious Earth Powder

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Given below are our product specifications:-
Chemical Physical Properties
Silica(SiO2) 70 to 80 %

Alumina(Al2O3) 11.10 %

Ferric Oxide(Fe2O3) 1.27 %

Tinanium Dioxide(TiO2) 0.51 %

Manganous Oxide(Mno) 1.55 %

Magnesium Oxide(MgO) Traces

Chloride(CI) 0.49 %

Sodium Oxide(Na2O) 1.02 %

Potassium Oxide(K2O) 0.25 %

Physical Properties
Loss of Ignition 11.13 %

Moisture at 105℃ 4-5 %

Oil Absorption 90ml/100 grms

Bulk Density less than 0.5grm

Applications:
Pesticide Formulation

Filter aid,

Polishing Agent

Insulation etc..

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Bentonite
Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the
presence of water. It has been used for clay beds of uncertain origin. It has a
strong earthy odor when breathed upon or moistures and consists essentially of
hydrous Alumina silicate with various impurities.
Physical and Chemical Properties of our product are as below :-
Chemical Composition:-
SiO2 50.62 %

Al2O3 20.20 %.

Fe2O3 9.54 %

CaO 0.68 %

Na2O3 2.22 %

K2O 0.58 %

MgO 1.80 %

LOI 10.36 %

China Clay
China Clay is a hydrous Silicate of aluminium,very finely granular, very
slightly plastic white clay, A sedimentary clay containing high percentage of
kaolinite. Physical and Chemical Properties of our product are as below.
Given below are our product specifications:-
Chemical Composition:-
SiO2 45 to 50%

Al2O3 34 to 38%

Fe2O3 0.8 to 1%

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CaO 0.8 to 1.1%

MgO 0.2 to 0.4%

LOI 11 to 13%

pH 8 to 9

Bulk Density 0.6 to 0.7 gm/cc

Oil Absorption 39.5 ml/100 gm

Whiteness 78 to 85 %

Research Methodology
The methodology followed for conducting the study includes the
specification of research design, sample design, questionnaire design, data
collection and statistical tools used for analysing the collected data.

Research design:
The research design used for this study is of the descriptive type.
Descriptive research studies are those studies which are concerned with
describing the characteristics of a particular individual or a group.

Sample size:
The sample size consisting of 30 respondents were selected for the study.

Sampling design:
Since it is difficult to contact the entire population, sampling technique was
adopted. The employees were interviewed using convenience sampling
techniques.

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 Introduction to the Topic: Account Executive
Overview of Account Executive
Typically in advertising, marketing, information technology and fashion
agencies, the role of an Account Executive involves intimate understanding of a
client company's objectives and products, and a professional capability to provide
effective advice toward creation of successful promotional activities and
strategies. The account executive directly works with, and provides services to,
one or more delegates of the client company.

In the marketing and advertising industries, account executives are

typically responsible for client servicing and client acquisition. The account
executive serves as the direct link between the advertising agency and the existing
client, managing day-to-day affairs and ensuring customer satisfaction. The word
"executive" in this instance means to "execute" - that is he/she is mostly
responsible for more practical parts of the advertising jobs (i.e. media placement,
distributions, contract negotiation, etc.). The account executive is also tasked with
bringing more clients into the agency to increase revenue. The account executive
will typically have 1-2 assistants and reports to the respective account
supervisor/manager and/or to the client service director/account director. This
depends on the country and on the account (s) he is working for.

History of Account Executive

The history of accounting or accountancy is thousands of years old and can
be traced to ancient civilizations.

The early development of accounting dates back to ancient Mesopotamia,

and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money and
early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. By the time of
the Roman Empire, the government had access to detailed financial information.
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 In India Chanakya wrote a manuscript similar to a financial management
book, during the period of the Mauryan Empire. His book "Arthashasthra"
contains few detailed aspects of maintaining books of accounts for a Sovereign
State.

The Italian Luca Pacioli, recognized as The Father of accounting and

bookkeeping was the first person to publish a work on double-entry bookkeeping,
and introduced the field in Italy.

The modern profession of the chartered accountant originated in Scotland

in the nineteenth century. Accountants often belonged to the same associations as
solicitors, who often offered accounting services to their clients. Early modern
accounting had similarities to today's forensic accounting. Accounting began to
transition into an organized profession in the nineteenth century, with
local professional bodies in England merging to form the Institute of Chartered
Accountants in England and Wales in 1880.

IT organizations
In IT organizations, an account executive is a senior management role,
responsible for executing large (50 mln +) contracts. Control of the profit and loss is
one of the main activities, together with customer alignment on a senior level.
Usually an account executive has one or more account managers in his/her staff,
to cover the various towers a large contract is mainly built of. The account
managers directly or indirectly control the program and project managers
performing the actual job.
For very large contracts (1 bln +), hundreds of people part of a larger sales and
operations group could be involved in contract execution.

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Contract life cycle
In an ideal situation, at the end of a contract life cycle, the account
executive and part of the staff will be involved in new contract negotiations. This
could be for the same account or for a new customer. Once the contract is signed,
the account executive and staff will be directly up to speed.

List of accounting roles

Accounting manager
A mid to upper-level manager and accounting professional who oversees staff
accountants and/or accounting supervisors or junior accountants. They may or
may not be a CPA, but are almost always required to have a bachelor's degree.

Accounting supervisor
A staff-level accountant who directly oversees one or more accounting
specialists. Similar to an accounting manager, they are usually subordinate to the
manager, or report directly to the Controller or CFO. In addition to their
supervisory role, they will be responsible for monitoring and approving the
financial processes and reporting of their department.

Senior accountant
An upper level accounting professional who usually reports directly to
a controller or assistant controller or, in the public accounting world, one of the
partners. They will almost always have a bachelor's degree, and sometimes
a master's. They may even have their CPA, or be a CPA candidate. In addition to
general accounting duties, they help company's management to analyze the
economic health of the organization, usually through timely financial reports and
counsel. They may or may not have supervisory responsibilities over junior
accountants and/or clerical personnel.

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Staff accountant
A mid-level accounting position between junior accountant and senior
accountant. At public accounting firms, staff accountant may be an entry level
position. Staff accountants typically have bachelor degreesbut are not
necessarily Certified Public Accountants. Typical duties of a staff accountant
include preparing journal entries and reconciliations. Staff accountants may also
perform duties such as accounts payable and accounts receivable. A corporate
staff accountant typically reports to a controller or accounting manager.

Junior accountant
An entry level accounting position, usually reporting to any of the higher
level accounting positions, or in smaller companies, to the controller. They may
or may not have a bachelor's degree, and their main responsibilities will usually
include reconciling accounts and preparing preliminary reports.

Duties and responsibilities

Account executives have many different duties and responsibilities that
they have to fulfill, such as day to day liaising via a contact method which can
include email and telephone calls. This job role includes many different
responsibilities such as:
 Responsible for existing account management and clients communications
and conflict resolution
 Discovering client’s business needs and proposing appropriate solutions
 Track and coordinate all activities occurring for each account
 Preparing regular client reports and attending client meetings
 Analyzing marketing trends and predictions and researching market
conditions to develop sales goals and marketing strategies
 Developing plans to target new customers

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 Developing company’s account strategies, marketing strategies and
promotional communication channels to introduce and promote the products
and services to potential markets
 Retaining existing customers
 Negotiating and closing contracts, maintain excellent client relationships,
and continually build opportunity pipeline
 Evaluating the financial aspects of business development

Working with clients

Mentioned above are a few of the duties and responsibilities in becoming
an Account Executive. One big responsibility would be to help produce a
successful campaign for clients as the marketing sector could possibly need some
further help. Where the role would be to act as an important link between
advertising agency and the clients. they will have a routine and have required
tasks that they have to complete for the clients. For example:
 Account planners – Working with account planners to analyse the clients
brief and the chosen budget
 Meetings - Having regular meetings to discuss the advertising needs and their
requirements
 Deadlines – Agreeing to deadlines for specific tasks with the clients
 Management – having to manage accounts and different invoicing the clients
The bases of this role is to be able understand what the task the client has
set out. From this they will then have to organise the agency's creative and
administrative staff in order for the clients request to be completed to the standard.

Required skills
Working in this field as an Account Executive, there are many skills that they
have to have to perform numerous of account executive tasks, where they have

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to have the ability to demonstrate many different skills in different areas. The
skills that are required consist of the following.
 Motivational and Excellent communication skills
 Having the ability to prioritize tasks as well as multitasking
 Have a good understanding of Business processes
 Being organized
 Taking on task independently
 Working well in a team
These skills are a requirement when applying for a position as an Account
Executive. For example, good communication skills are needed because the
employee will need to be confident in addressing with a variety of clients.
Motivational skills are required as they need to motivate junior employees and
represent the company as efficient to the general public and the clients.
In any company when working as an Account Executive, each agency will be
expecting and looking for different sets of skills from the employees. It is
important that they have these skills and have a developed the skills. These
include of:
 Having a keen eye for detail and an understanding of budgets restraints
 The confidence in themselves and give the client trust in the work
 Having the ability to use digital platforms to create processes with
technology
 Be able to work under pressure without showing the workload
When an employee has developed these skills or enhanced their skills and
built a trust worthy reputation with the company and other employees they can
then go forward and request for a higher position such as Account Director.

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 SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) are a
common tool for corporate strategy, so many Key Account Managers are familiar
with the term.
But how does SWOT apply to the art and science of Key Account
Management?
The answer is to use SWOT to cover your customer relationship, not just your
internal strategy. So when you look at the customer relationship through a SWOT
lens, you want to figure out:
1. What are the key Strengths of our relationship? Where do we have
competitive advantages that we can build on?
2. What Weaknesses do we need to guard against?
3. What Opportunities exist for us to grow and expand with this customer?
4. What Threats exist that could dislodge us or cause rupture with the client?
Typically, the first two (Strengths and Weaknesses) are internal to your
organization. They are factors that you and your team can monitor and control –
and take action on.
The second two (Opportunities and Threats) are extrinsic to your
organization. They are harder to control and could come from competitors, the
marketplace or even from your customer.
Here’s a good video on how to do SWOT. Take a look for details on how
you can ramp up the strategic analysis of your customer relationships.

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 Conclusion & Suggestions
While the report format outlined above is fairly standard, it is always best
to check with you tutor as to his or her expectations. Also, you may find it
beneficial to look at reports written by students in higher years, or from an
accounting environment. Models of good writing can provide you with important
information on layout, language and style. Check with your tutor on the
availability of model reports from previous years. Finally, this unit has not
focussed on the language of accounting and finance reports; however, it is similar
to that of essay writing: that is, formal, objective and clearly written. For a
detailed discussion of the important aspects of academic language, see the self
access module Academic Writing.

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 Bibliographic
These guidelines follow those of the American Psychological Association and
may be slightly different than what you’re used to, but we will stick with them
for the sake of consistency.
Notice the use of punctuation. Publication titles may be
either italicized or underlined, but not both.

Books
Books are the bibliography format with which you’re probably most familiar.
Books follow this pattern:
Author Last Name, Author First Name. (Publication Year) Title.
Publisher’s City: Publisher. Page numbers.
Alexander, Carol. (2001) Market Models: A Guide to Financial Data
Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 200-220.

Periodicals
Periodicals remove the publisher city and name and add the title of the
article and the volume or issue number of the periodical. Notice article titles are
put in quotation marks and only the publication title is italicized or underlined.
Author Last Name, Author First Name. (Publication Date—could be more than a
year) “Article Title.”Publication Title, Vol. #. (Issue #), Page numbers.
Salman, William A. (July-August 1997) “How to Write a Great Business
Plan.” Harvard Business Review 74. pp. 98-108.
Web versions of printed material
Because web sources are time-sensitive, meaning that web content can
change day by day, it is important to include the day of retrieval and the URL
from which you quoted the material. You include this in a retrieval statement.
The format for online versions of print publications should basically follow
the same format as above, meaning if you’re referencing an online book, you
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should follow the book format with the addition of the retrieval statement. If
you’re referencing an online periodical, you should follow the periodical format
with the addition of the retrieval statement.
Note that you should not break the Internet address of the link, even if it
requires its own line. Very long URLs, such as those that occur when using an
online database, can be shortened by removing the retrieval code. (The retrieval
code usually consists of a long string of unintelligible letters and numbers
following the end point “htm” or “html.” Remove everything that occurs after
that point to shorten.)

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