READING

COMPREHENSION
ENGLISH FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

DR. RAHMA TRILIANA, S .KE D, M.KES , PHD

1 OCTOBE R 2018
2015

2016
Why THE GAP (+)?
 TYPES OF READING SKILL
NORMAL READING SPEED READING
Turning words into sounds Turn words into images
Vocalization of reading No vocalization (no regression)
materials
Read one phrases at a time
Reading one word at a time
Creating mental images & mind
Fixation & re-reading when
doesn’t understand the palace of reading material
sentence Optimized reading  learn faster
Multi-tasking & remember more
SKIM!
THE SCIENCE OF READING

Thomas frank (youtuber)

 WHY IMPROVE
READING SKILL?
 To be life long learner
 Reading literary works cultivates a skill of “theory of
mind,” or “ability to ‘read’ the thoughts and feelings
of others.
 Being empathetic & knowledgeable
 Improve critical thinking and decision making skill
 Effective to overcome stress & decrease muscle
tension
 Decrease the risk of memory decline & risk of
Alzheimer
 Helps to relax and get shut-eye
 Decrease risk of mental illness as part of “low-
intensity interventions”
 HOW TO READ FASTER
1. Know your current speed
2. Improve knowledge & vocabulary (language fluency)
3. Train your eyes
4. Know your GOAL in reading something (answer questions,
get new knowledge, study, learn new concepts etc)
5. DO a PRE-READ/OVERVIEW or Read the questions 1st t
6. SKIM  Keywords (dates, times, number, proper nouns,
important words, punctuations, different formats etc)
7. Use a tool to keep your eyes focus
8. Take action on what you have read  take notes, make
summary, compare or teach others, change something
SO…

What is your number?

OK… Lets try another one
150 wpm:
Hello everyone. Today we will be talking about rapid serial visual presentation or
RSVP for short. RSVP eliminates the needs to move your eyes across text when
reading and increases the number of words you can read per minutes. Right now
we are reading at a third grade pace so let’s speed this up a bit

257 WPM
Still with me? Now we are reading at an eight grade pace in addition to reduced
ice movement, RSVP reduces subvocalization. Subvocalization is when you read
out loud in your head. With this methods you simply don’t have the time to
process subvocalization. You also don’t have the chance to backtrack and check
words you may have missed like pneumonoultramicrosopicsilicovulcanoconiosis.
Catch that? Of course not.
In one study, Elizabeth Schotter and colleagues tested participant’s reading
comprehension when their ability to reread words were taken away. The
researchers did this by using an eye tracker and replacing the words the
participant already looked at with Xs. They found that when the participant could
not reread the words in a sentence, their comprehension of the sentence
suffered
300 WPM
Now we are reading at average adult speed. If you don’t think I’ll push bounds of
your reading speed by the end of this video, you are sadly mistaken. Despite the
research suggesting RSVP leads to poor reading comprehension. Companies like
SPRITZ and SPEEDER have created RSVP solutions that could possibly help
consumers read faster on more devices, particularly RSVP companies believes
smart-watches could be benefit from this technology as their screens can not fit
many words at one time. Is this meaningless innovation since reading faster
doesn’t mean reading better? May be
450 WPM
We are reading at an average collage student speed. At this point, and I think, we
can agree this is hard. If you kept up so far, I am impressed. This isn’t easy to do on
the 1st try. Which leads to the thought that maybe we all need to learn how to
read this way. PRACTICE
600 WPM
The average collage professors read around this speed, unless a bunch of PHD’s very
fast readers subscribes to my channels, I am going to assumed I lost most of you at this
point. Therefore I will just use this moment to prepare you for the next reading speed
that is to come. I will be communicating is secret masange to those of you who can
read words at at 900 Word Per Minute! This is how fast speed readers can read. So if
you can keep up…
You got low?
Don’t worry….
English is your second language.
Normal speed of 250 – 300 wpm are for
NATIVE SPEAKERS

As FOREIGNERS to the LANGUAGE, YOUR

SPEED tend to be slower
SPEED Language
READING Fluency!
DEPEND ON
IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE & VOCABULARY
FOR LANGUAGE FLUENCY
HOW TO BECOME AN
OPTIMIZED READER?
 TRAIN YOUR EYES TO FOCUS

READING IS POSSIBLE THROUGH EYE MOVEMENT

www.speeder.com
 Rereading
Skipping back
Reading ONE WORD AT A TIME
SUB-VOCALIZE
Don’t MULTI-TASK
 SET YOUR GOAL
1. Understand & reevaluate your strengths & weaknesses on
Reading
a) Time when attention, energy begins to flag stamina & span
b) Vocabulary & basic understanding level  add new words (put them in
a context or find in the dictionary)
2. Dedicate yourself to engage in a combination of both
"guided" and "relaxed" reading practice for at least two to
three hours a week.
a) Guided practice structure & focused attention to learn new
vocabulary & testing them
b) Relaxed practice  read and enjoy reading without pressure
3. Have an interest link  make reading FUN!
4. Do critical appraisal  Read what you NEED to read by PRE-
READING (maximize time spent on what's most important)
 PRE-READ/OVERVIEW
 Prime your brain to notice important information when reading 
PREVIEW and GET an OVERVIEW  put into perspective main ideas, concepts
and the things you need to remember
 Table of content  overall topic
 Chapter title and subtitles  reading direction and focus.
 Read the focus questions at the beginning of each chapter  main story.
 Chapter introductions & first paragraphs  introduction to the chapter
 Bold-face subheadings  major topics of each chapter section.
 Visual aids (Bulleted list of information, pictures, diagrams, maps, pictures)
 identify important points / keywords
 Last paragraph or chapter summary  condensed explanation of chapter &
the take away
 End-of-chapter material  study questions/materials
 SKIM
 Skimming is getting the gist of the overall reading by looking for
the specific information in the reading
 Reading only the main idea, key points and concepts of a
sentence or paragraph and their relation  specific nouns and
its correlation with other noun
 The 1st & 2nd sentence of a paragraph  introduces the central thought
of the paragraph/what the paragraph is about.
 The last sentence  tells you the summary
 Random sentence in the middle  helps you to get the gist of the
paragraph
 PUSH your self to go faster that you think is possible to read
faster than you ever thought possible
 USE TOOL
Remember groups of words  words that
always come together e.g swimming pool,
department store,
Point at what you read using pencil or finger
Delineate your reading line with a paper or a
bookmark or other
Use highlighter
Focus and concentrate
Find YOUR perfect reading spot, Anywhere
 READING COMPREHENSION
= Understanding particular text & ideas that the author try to conveyed
= Both textual and sub-textual  nuances of reading (reading as ART)
Which include:
 Understanding meaning of words, sentences, paragraphs & larger bodies of text
 Distinguishing between minor and major points
 Summarizing a passage
 Drawing conclusions from the information provided
 Reasoning from incomplete data to infer missing information
 Understanding the structure of a text & how the parts relate to one another
 Identifying the author's assumptions and perspective
 Analyzing a text and reaching conclusions about it
 Identifying strengths and weaknesses of a position
 Developing and considering alternative explanations
 TEXTUAL MEANING SUBTEXTUAL MEANING
Imagine there’s no countries
It isn’t hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for
And no religion, too
Imagine all the people
Living life in peace… You…
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a
brighter day, so lets start giving
There a choice we’re making
We’re saving our own lives
Its true we’ll make a better day,
just you and me
Imagine if everyone has no
limitation
No need to die or kill for a country
(no nationalism)
No religion (don’t believe in god)
Living life in peace (by their own
standard and wish)
We are the world (god created)
We are the children (of god)
We are the ones who make a brighter
day (got choice)
so lets start giving
There a choice we’re making (obey/not)
We’re saving our own lives (our choice)
Its true we’ll make a better day
(heaven?)
Just you and me
 TIPS 4 COMPREHENSION
TIP 1: Stop When Confused
◦ Don’t try to memorize as you are reading
◦ Keep the idea or concepts & make sense of it
TIP 2: Summarize what you have so far
◦ Summarize what you've comprehended before you get confused  Skim
back previous text and asked have you capture the salient points?
Tip 3: Reading Aloud & Take Notes
◦ Help circumvent reading block & form visual image of the text
◦ highlight important concepts
Tip 4: Skim or Read Upcoming Sections of the Text
◦ Sometimes confusion will be explained later on in the text.
Tip 5: Re-contextualize when finished
◦ To lock the information in your mind.
◦ Use Feynman learning technique
FEYNMAN TECHNIQUE OF
LEARNING
 Your brain is your palace
Use visual image in your mind to store your data
Create a picture image that corresponds to the things you
want to remember
Organize in a group of 5 concepts for each room in your
mind palace
Keep on training & building the concept & categorization
 TAKE ACTION
Take notes
Make summary
Comparing your understanding with others
Change something in your life after reading
Do Self quiz by asking WHY and explain it to yourself
Teach others  BEST for comprehension, review of
knowledge (Understand which concepts that you have
solid understanding and which concepts you are not)
 IMPROVING READING
COMPREHENSION TAKES TIME
& EFFORT,
BUT, IT CAN BE DONE
 In SUMMARY

Optimized
Reading
Skill