Second Achievement Test
inflection, eye contact and
Day 1 Of Exam
Oral Communication
Day 18
Types of speech according to manner
of delivery
Types of speech delivery
1. Manuscript – Delivering a
speech involves writing a
manuscript used for reference
during the speech and for
official records
- Should avoid reading the
manuscript word for word,
otherwise the speaker
riskssound mechanical
- The use of eye to eye contact
and facial expressions helps
bring personality to this type
of speech delivery
2. Memorization – involves
memorizing a speech word for
word
- This can run the risk of
sounding mechanical as the
manuscript method
- As the manuscript method,
memorizing key talking
points gives the speaker a
more personal approach.
- Add personality with voice and the exact wording is not
concrete until the delivery is
facial expressions given.
3. Impromptu – involves speeches - Audiences typically perceive
with little or no time for extemporaneous speeches as
preparation and speech writing. spontaneous, while the
- in situations like this, speaker still maintains
speakers should do control of the speaking
everything in their power to points
take a few minutes to
Day 19
prepare themselves.
- Organizing a speech and Principles of effective speech delivery
breaking it down into parts
1. Articulation – pronouncing the
is a quick way to mentally
words and speaking with clear
prepare a speech.
diction that effectively
- Preparation should be starts
transmits the message of the
at the beginning of an
speaker
introduction, or as soon as a
2. Modulation – the capability to
speaker realizes they may be
adjust or manipulate the
called on to speak
resonance and timbre of vocal
- The typical organizational
tone
format includes a main
3. Stage Presence – the ability to
point, proof, additional proof
own the stage, able to fill the
if possible and a conclusion
space and project his/her
4. Extemporaneous – has more
personality to the audience. The
preparation time than the
opposite of stage presence is
impromptu method.
stage fright, the topmost fear in
- It involves writing,
the world of public speaking
rewriting, and editing.
4. Facial expressions, gestures and
- In addition, the delivery is
movement – the message of any
practiced, recited, and the
speech is reinforced, clarified,
main points are memorized.
and complemented by nonverbal
- Typically, a speaker uses an
communication such as facial
outline for the main points
expressions, gestures, and
 movement. Without these
nonverbal elements, the
speaker may be judged as
boring with flat delivery and an
unemotional voice
5. Audience rapport – able to
deliver a speech that would
appeal to the audience and
connect with them at a deeper
level. To do this, one must do
audience analysis
Day 25
Audience analysis – is the process of
learning who your audiences are, what
they are thinking and how you can
best reach them
1. Demographic Audience Analysis
– who are your audience?
- How old are they?
- Men? Women? Mixed?
- Are audience members
predominantly a certain
race, culture or ethnicity?
- Do they share common
primary language with you?
- What is their profession?
- What is their educational
level?
- Are they members of
relevant organization?
- What is their personality
type?
- Other qualities relevant to - What has the audience been
your speech - going through in the days or
2. Psychological Audience weeks prior to your speech?
Analysis – covers both - What style of presentation
knowledge/ lack of knowledge does the audience expect?
and the beliefs of your audience - What are the people
wearing?
Audience Knowledge – what do they
- What time of the day are you
know about your topic? What they
speaking?
don’t know?
- What obstacles or
- What do they want to know? distractions exist in the
What to they need to know? room that may impact your
- What specialized audience?
terminology are they
familiar with?
- What concepts, processes or
tools are they familiar with?
Audience Beliefs – are they neutral, or
are they predisposed to agree with or
oppose your message?
- What are the most
important values to the
audience?
- What problems do they
have?
3. Contextual audience analysis –
the aim of contextual audience
analysis is to discover how the
speaking event itself may
influence your audience’s state
of mind
- is their attendance
voluntary or mandatory?

Komunikasyon at pananaliksik
Day 18
Pagsulat ng tekstong nagpapakita ng
mga kalagayang pangwika sa
kulturang Pilipino
Teksto- mga mahahabang pahayag
Hal: Balita, Sanaysay, Polyetos
Iba’t ibang uri ng teksto
1. Informativ – naglalahad ng mga
bagong kaalaman, pangyayari,
paniniwala at impormasyon
Hal: mga kasaysayan, balita
2. Argumentativ – naglalahad ng
mga posisyon sa isang
proposisyong nangangailangang
pagtalunan o paliwanagan.
Tumutugon sa tanong na bakit.
Hal: Editoryal
3. Persweysiv – tekstong
nangungumbinse o
nanghihikayat
Hal: Propaganda sa eleksyon,
patalastas
4. Narativ – naglalahad ng
magkakasunod-sunod na
pangyayari o simpleng
nagsasalaysay
Hal: akdang pampanitikan,
talambuhay
5. Deskriptiv – tekstong
nagtataglay ng impormasyong
may kinalaman sa pisikal na
katangian ng isang tao, lugar,
bagay
Hal: Lathalain, akdang
pampanitikan
6. Exposisyon – naglalahad ng
mga impormasyon tungkol
magbibigay linaw sa mga tiyak
na konsepto. Sumasagot sa
tanong na paano
Hal: Sanaysay, Revyu, panuto
Proseso ng Pagsulat ng Teksto
1. Brainstorming - paglilista ng
mga paksang kaugnay sa intere
ng manunulat
2. Clustering – ditto makakabuo
ng sub-topics. Ang mga sub-
topics ay iuugnay sa punong
paksa
3. Balangkas o outline – iaayos
ang mga paksang sa lohikal na
pagkakasunod-sunod
4. Focused Free Writing –
pagsubok na linangin ang mga
paksa sa nasabing working
outline mula sa ideya tungo sa
mga pangungusap at talata
Day 19
Kakayahang Komunikatibo – nauukol
sa kakayahan sa aktwal na paggamit
ng wika sa mga tiyak na pagkakataon
1. Linggwistiko – kakayahang
umunawa at makabuo ng mga
istruktura sa wika sang-ayon sa
tuntunin ng gramatika
2. Istruktura ng wika –
tumutukoy sa pagkakayari ng
wika
3. Gramatika – ito ay may
kinalaman sa kawastuhan ng
mga tungkulin o function ng
mga salita at kanikanilang
ugnayan o relasyon sa loob ng
panmgungusap
Kakayahang Sosyolinggwistik – ito ay
isang batayang interdisciplinary.
Isinasaalang alang ng isang tao ang
ugnayan ng mga nag-uusap, at sa
lugar ng kanilang pinag-uusapan
Morpolohiya – pinakamaliit nay unit
ng salita
Ponolohiya – pag-aaral ng tunog
Ponema- tunog
Morpema- pinakamaliit nay unit
CHOMSKY-LAD – language
acquiciation device
Dell Hymes
SPEAKING
S-ETTING Pananaliksik- ito ay isang gawaing
nagsisikap mapatunayan ang
P-ARTICIPANTS
kaalaman, makakuha ng
E-NDS impormasyon sa agham, literatura o
kasaysayan at iba pang disiplina na
A-CT SEQUENCE
maaaring gumamit ng eksperimento
K-EY upang mapatunayan ang nais tuklasin
I -NSTRUMENTATIVE - Mabisang pamamaraang
sistematiko, pormal at
N-ORMS
masaklaw sa pagsasagawa
G-ENRE ng pagsusuring lohiko at
wasto sa pamamagitan ng
Day 20
masikap at matiyagang
Kakayahang pragmatik at Diskorsal pagkuha ng mga datos sa
mga pangunahing maaaring
Pragmatik- ang salitang pragma ay pagkunan
galling sa salitang Griyego na ang ibig
tukuyin ay aksyon, galaw, paggalaw, Hakbang sa pagsulat ng pananaliksik
gawa at gawain.
1. Pagsulat ng Paksa
-pag-aaral kung paano a. Interes at kakayahan
iniimpluwensyahan ng konteksto ang b. Pagkamayroon ng
paraang ng paghahatid ng mga material
impormasyon ng mga pangungusap c. Kabuluhan ng paksa
d. Limitasyon ng
- pag-aaral ng aktwal na panahon
pagsasalita e. Kakayahang
Diskorsal- kakayahang bigyan ng pinansyal
interpretasyon ang isang serye ng mga 2. Paghahanda ng Balangkas
napakinggang pangungusap upang 3. Paghahanda ng Bibliyograpi
makagawa ng isang makabuluhang 4. Pangangalap ng Datos
kahulugan. 5. Pagoorganisa ng nilalaman
6. Pagsulat ng pananaliksik
Day 21
7. Pinal na pananaliksik
Layunin ng Pananaliksik
1. Upang Makatuklas ng
Impormasyon o datos
2. Naghahamon sa makatwirang
pagpapalagay
3. Nagdaragdag ng panibagong
interpretasyon sa mga sariling
ideya
4. Nagpapatunay sa valido
5. Naglilinaw sa pinagtatalunang
isyu
6. Nagpapakita ng
makasaysayang paniniwala
Kakayahan ng Mananaliksik
1. Masigasig
2. Masinop
3. Masistema
4. Magaling Magsiyasat
5. May pananagutan
Katangian ng Pananaliksik
1. Empirikal – walang kinalaman
sa siyentipikong kaalaman
2. Obhetibo – batay sa walang
kinikilingang batas
3. Lohikal – batay sa angkop at
sistematikong pamamaraan o
prinsipyo
4. Kririkal – nagpapakita nang
maingat at tamang paghatol
Mga uri ng Pananaliksik
 1. Makaaghan o siyentipiko –
layuning makuha ang mga
katotohanan at aktibong
gumawa ng mga bagay-bagay
na makakatulong sa pagtuklas
sa nais patunayan
2. Pampanitikan o Literari –
karaniwang ginagamit sa
kolehiyo dahil sa pagiging
payak nito. Walang kailangang
ekspiremento sapagkat ang
mga gagamiting materyales o
kagamitan ay sadyang
nasasaliksik na rin ng iba.
3. Panimulang pananaliksik
4. Pagtugong pananaliksik
5. Pananaliksik na nagtataya
6. Pagkilos na pananaliksik
Day 22
Mga pahinang Preliminari o Front
matters
1. Fly leaf – pinakaunang pahina.
Walang nakasulat ditto
2. Pamagating pahina – pahinang
nagpapakilala sa pamagat ng
pamanahong papel. Nakasulta
ditto kung ipinasa, saang
asignatura at kung sinong
gumawa. (inverted pyramid)
3. Dahon ng Pagpapatibay –
kumukumpirma sa
pagkakapasa ng mananaliksik
at pagkatanggap ng guro ng
pananaliksik
4. Pasasalamat – indibidwal,
pangkat, tanggapan o taong
nakatulong para mabuo at
matapos ang pananaliksik
5. Paghahandog – kung kanino
inaalay ang pananaliksik
6. Talaan ng nilalaman –
nakasulat ang kaukulang
bilang ng pahina at kung saan
matatagpuan ang bawat pahina
7. Talaan ng mga talahanayan at
graph- nakasulat dito ang
pamagat ng bawat talahanayan
at/o graph at pahina ng mga ito
8. Fly leaf 2- blangkong pahina
Day 23
Kabanata 1
1. Rasyunale ng pag-aaral- ang
pinanggalingan ng palagay o
kaisipan at ang kadahilanan
kung bakit napili ang paksa ay
natatalakay sa bahaging uto
2. Suliranin ng Pag-aaral - ang
pakay o ibig na matama sa
pananaliksik ng napiling paksa
- Pangkalahatang suliranin o
kadahilanan ng
pagsasagawa ng pag-aaral
Pangunahing Suliranin- inilalahad
nang malawakan ang pananaliksik
Tiyak na Suliranin – itinuturing
na bahagi ng pangunahing
suliranin at ipinapahayag nito ang
mga tiyak o tuwirang pakay
3. Kahalagahan ng Pananaliksik-
naglalahad ng kung sino ang
maaaring makinabang sa
pananaliksik at kung paano sila
makikinabang
4. Batayang Konseptwal -
tumatalagay sa mga ideya o
konsepto ng mananaliksik ayon
sa kanyang isinasagawang pag-
aaral
5. Batayang Teoretikal -
naglalahad ng mga
kadahilanan kung bakit
kinakailangang humanap pa ng
mga panibagong datos ng
mananaliksik na kanya naming
susuriin, ipaliliwanag at
lalagumin
6. Saklaw at Limitasyon ng pag-
aaral - tumatalakay sa
delimitasyon ng pag-aaral na
kung saan ipinaliliwanag ang
problema ng pananaliksik, ang
lugar na pinaggaganapan, ang
mga nakikilahok at ang
instrumenting ginamit sa
pananaliksik
7. Pagbibigay kahulugan sa mga
Salita – paglalahad ng key
terms na ginamit sap ag-aaral
 - Konseptuwal – base sa
konsepto o ideya na
kadalasang makikita ang
kahulugan sa diksyunaryo
- Operasyonal – Konsepto o
ideya ay base sa kung
papaano nagamit sap ag-
aaral
Concept Notes
1. Panimula o rasyunale-
Tumutukoy sa intruduksiyon at
pangkalahatang nilalaman ng
pananaliksik
2. Background ng pag-aaral-
pagtukoy sa kaligirang pag-
aaral
3. Theoretikal Framework–
Isinasaad ditto ang teoryang
maiuugnay sa pananaliksik
4. konseptwal Framework-
Pagsasaad ng sariling konsepto
ng mananaliksik tungkol sap
ag-aaral
5. Paglalahad ng suliranin-
Pangkalahatang suliranin o
kadahilanan ng pagsasagawa
ng pag-aaral
6. iskop o delimitasyon ng pag-
aaral– Mababasa ditto ang
iskop o limitasyon ng pag-aaral
7. Terminolohiyang ginamit-
Binibigyang kahulugan ang
mga salitang ginamit

Earth Science
Day 15
Identifying human activities that
affects the quality of the soil
Soil- part of the regolith that supports
the growth of plants
Four components of soil
 Mineral matter or broken-down
rock
 Humus which is decayed
remains of organisms
 Water
 Air
Soils varies in composition, texture,
structure and color of different depths
Regolith – layer of rock and mineral
fragments that covers most of Earth’s
land surface
Soil Horizon- Zones or Layers of soil
Soil Profile – vertical section through
all the soil horizons
 O horizon- consist largely of - Oxidation
organic materials - Chemical
 A horizon – largely mineral
Mechanical Weathering
materials and humus is present
 E horizon- light-colored layer 1. Pressure-Release Fracturing-
contains little organic material; tectonic forces may rise granite
site of Eluviation and Leaching to form mountain range. As the
 B horizon- Zone of granite rises, the overlying
Accumulation rocks erodes and pressure
 C horizon- partially altered decreases. The rock fractures as
parent materials it expands
 R horizon- unweathered parent 2. Frost Wedging- water
material accumulates in crack then
freezes, the ice expands and
O and A makes up the TOPSOIL
pushes rock apart but cements
O A E B horizons contains Solium it together.
(True Soil) 3. Abrasion- rocks, grains of sand,
silt collide with one another
when currents or waves carry
Day 17 them along a stream or beach.
The mechanical wearing of
Describing how rocks undergo rocks by friction and impact.
weathering and identifying its 4. Organic Activity- if soil collects
products in a crack in bedrock, a seed
may fall there and sprout. The
Weathering
roots widen the cracks
 Mechanical 5. Thermal Expansion and
- Frost Contraction- Rocks at the
- Abrasion Earth’s Surface are exposed to
- Pressure daily and yearly cycles of
- Organic heating and cooling. They
- Expansion and contraction expand when heated and
 Chemical contract when they are cooled
- Dissolution
- Hydrolysis Chemical Weathering
 1. Dissolution- minerals dissolve
readily on water
2. Hydrolysis- water reacts to
minerals to form new minerals
with the water as part of its
crystal structure
3. Oxidation- is the reaction of
rock minerals with oxygen
4. Carbonation- the process of rock
minerals reacts when carbon
dioxide and water combine
forming carbonic acid
Erosion
-The process of transporting
weathered material, eventually
depositing it in new location or
environment.
Agents of erosion
- Water
- Waves
- Wind
- Gravity
- Glacier
Glacial Erosion- occurs when particles
are incorporated into glacial ice
through a process referred to as
plucking and they are transported
downslope within the glacier. U-
shaped valleys- considered as common
glacial landform
Fluvial (water) erosion- broken into 3
categories
a. Rain Splash- occurs when
impact of rain drop loosens and
mobilizes particles
b. Sheet Erosion- is a process
where particles loosened by
rain-splash erosion are
transported by runoff water
down the slope of a surface
c. Rill Erosion- occurs when water
concentrate during sheet
erosion and erodes small rills
into the surface that channel
flow down slope
Aeolian (wind) erosion- Deflation
and abrasion
a. Deflation- is the movement or
transport of particles through
the air or along the ground
b. Abrasion- is the process that
occurs when wind-transported
particles sculp features in the
landscape through a sand-
blasting like process
Gravity related erosion can be
coherent or incoherent
a. Coherent- refers to the erosion
of a consolidated mass of
materials that erode or move as
a single unit
b. Incoherent- refers to the erosion
or movement of a mass of
unconsolidated individual
fragments of materials
Mount Rushmore National Memorial-
is a sculpture carved into the granite
face of Mount Rushmore near
Keystone, South Dakota, in United
States by Danish-American Gutzon
Borglum and Lincoln Borglum, Mount
Rushmore features 60-foot sculptures
of the heads of George Washington,
Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt
and Abraham Lincoln
Day 19
Explaining how rocks and soil
move downslope due to the direct
action of growth
 The movement of loose material
under the direct forces of
gravity, without water, ice or
air playing a major role. It
includes mudflows, landslides
rock falls and soil creep
 The ultimate cause of mass
wasting is gravity a better
understanding comes
considering when mass wasting
does not occur
 Slope is an ultimate cause of
mass wasting since solid
material can support shear
 stresses up to some threshold, resistance for downward at which the rock begins to
known as its strength or yield movement. The resistance is melt
point called friction and depends
Magma can be generated under
 When the strength is exceeded, upon the component of
three sets of conditions
failure of some sort occurs. gravity that is perpendicular
Other causes include jolt from to the slope, as well as the 1. Heat may be added
the earthquake or other thing, surface materials of the 2. A decrease in pressure can
hitting it. Introduction of fluid slope and the object being result in decompression melting
(rain, volcanoes, melting ice) pulled 3. Introduction of volatiles can
liquefaction, loss of vegetation lower the melting temperature
February 17, 2006 – a massive rock
and pre-existing planes of of mantle rock sufficiently to
slide-debris avalanche occurred in the
failures generate magma
Philippine Province of Southern Leyte
Landslides Planetary Accretion- some heat was
Day 20
generated by particle’s gravitational
Occurs in
Explaining why Earth’s interior is hot contraction. This heat has not escaped
- Slides and how magma is formed because rocks are insulators and slows
- Flows the heat transfer to the surface of the
Reasons why the earth’s interior is so
- Falls planet
much hotter than its surface
- Topples
Gravitational Pressure- due to tidal
- Lateral spreads  Heat left over from the
force exerted by the celestial bodies.
formation of the Earth
Gravity- force that help initiate This pressure keeps the core hot in the
 Gravitational pressure put on
landslide same way as a pressure cooker
core by tidal forces and rotation
- Pulling object vertically of the Earth Nuclear Fission of heavy elements- in
down  Radioactive decay of elements the earth’s interior is the last and
- If an object is on the slope, a in the inner part of the Earth most important source of heat
gravity has magnitude and a
Magma- originates when essential Heat production occurs in the mantle
direction
solid rock, located in the crust and due to potassium, uranium, and
- As the angle of the slope
upper mantle melts thorium’s radioactive decay
increases, the parallel
component of gravity - The most obvious way to Factors that control the viscosity of a
increases and the generate magma from solid magma
perpendicular component rock is to raise the
decreases, leading to smaller temperature above the level
Viscosity- is a measure of a material’s
resistance to flow
 Composition – silica content
- Higher silica content=higher
viscosity
- Lower silica content=lower
viscosity
 Temperature-hotter magmas
are less viscous
 Dissolve gases- gases expand
within a magma as it nears the
Earth’s surface due to
decreasing pressure
- The violence of an eruption
is related to how easily gases
escape
Half life- time required for one half of
the nuclei in a sample to decay
Day 21
Describing the changes in Mineral
Components and Texture of Rocks
Metamorphism- a process that leads to
changes in mineral contents; texture
and chemical composition of a pre-
existing rock
 In most extreme environments,
the temperature approach those
at which rocks melt. However,
during metamorphism the rock
must remain essentially soil.
For it, complete melting occurs,
we have entered the realm of
igneous activity
Agents of metamorphism
 Heat- the most important
because it provides energy to
drive the reactions that result
in the recrystallization of
minerals
 Pressure
 Chemically active fluids
Metamorphic processes cause many
changes in rocks, which includes:
 Increased density
 Growth of larger mineral
crystals
 Reorientation of the mineral
grains into layered or banded
appearance (foliation)
 Formation of new minerals
Day 22
Describing how rocks behave under
different types of rocks
Deformation- refers to changes in
shape and/or volume of a boy. Rocks
deform differently depending on
temperature and pressure, the
composition of the rock and the length
of the stress if maintained.
 Rocks first respond by
deforming elastically and will
return to their original shape
when the stress is removed.
Once their elastic limit is
surpassed, rocks either deform
by ductile flow or they fracture
 Among the most basic geologic
structure associated with rock
deformation are folds, faults
and joints. Folds are flat-lying
sedimentary and volcatnic rocks
that bent into a series of
wavelike undulations
 Faults are Fractures in the
coast along which appreciable
displacement occurred
Diastrophism- refers to all movement
in the lithosphere
Earthquake- is the trembling of the
Earth’s surface that occurs when the
energy stored within the Earth is
released
Stress- refers to the forces acting upon
a crustal plate, causing diastrophic
movements
Types of stress forces
1. Shearing- make rock layers slie
past each other
2. Tension- stretch or pull rock
layers from opposite directions
3. Compression- push rock layers
to create fold or fault
 May cause rock layers to create inclined plane is referred
fold or fault to as thrust faulting
- Fold- Usually result from 3. Sinistral Strike-slip-
compression, always occurs when Crustal
shortens the horizontal blocks move sideways
distances in rock and occurs past each other, usually
as part of a group of many along nearly-vertical
similar folds faults
4. Oblique slip- involves
Types of folds
various combinations of
 Anticline- a fold arching these basic movements
upward
 Syncline – a fold arching
downward
 Dome- a circular or elliptical
anticlinal structure
 Basin- a similarly shaped
syncline

- Fault- it occurs when rock

layers breaks and cause
tremors
1. Normal Fault- occurs
when the crust is being
pulled apart. The
hanging wall block moves
down with respect to the
foot wall block
2. Reverse fault- occurs
when the crust is being
compressed. The hanging
wall block moves up and
over the footwall block-
reverse slip on a gently

Day 2 Of Exam
Contemporary Arts
Day 15
Philippine Architecture
 The ancient Filipinos had dwelt
in caves and had learned the art
of architecture as they move
and hunt for food
 Bahay kubo is the traditional
house found in the Philippines
 Arrival of Spaniards brought
Artillan architecture.
Christianization created the
needs to build several religious
structures
 New architectural structures
were introduced by the
Americans in 1898. Government
houses build then resembles
Greek and Roman Temples
 The contemporary architecture
in the Philippines is the result
of various influences. It
developed from pre-colonial
influences, the Spanish colonial
period, American
commonwealth period and
current times
Architecture
- Is the art of designing
structure
A good building should satisfy the
principles of Firmsitas, Utilitas,
Venustas
 Durability- it should stand up
robustly and remain in good
condition
 Utility- it should be useful, and
functions well for the people
using it
 Beauty – it should delight
people and raise their spirits
Renowned Filipinos in the field of
Architecture
1. Leandro Locsin
- Architect, interior designer,
artist and classically trained
pianist
- Contribution: Cultural
Center of the Philippines –
five buildings that
demonstrates the architect’s
drive to find vernacular form
of modernist architecture
- Ability to make this most
monolithic of materials
appear weightless, and to
elegantly combine western
brutalism with vernacular
elements
2. Juan Nakpil
- Belief that architecture built
in the Philippines should
reflect its culture and people
- Restoration of the Home of
Jose Rizal
- Named National Artist for
Architecture in 1973
3. Ildefonso Santos
- Father of Philippine
Landscape Architecture
- Projects: Makati Commercial
Center (an outdoor shopping
mall in which the shop
fronts and walkways were
interspersed with garden
trails, fountains, and public
artworks)
- National Artist for
Architecture in 2006
Day 16
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining Award
- The order of National Artist
(Orden ng Pambansang
Alagad ng Sining) is the
highest national recognition
given to Filipino inividuals
 who have made significant
contributions to the
development of Philippine
arts; namely Music, Dance,
Theater, Visual Arts,
Literature, Film, Broadcast
Arts, and Architecture and
How to be a National Artist
Allied Arts
- The order is joinly
administered by the
National Commission for
Culture and the Arts and the
Cultural Center of the
Philippines and conferred
by the President of the
Philippines upon
recommendation by both
institutions
- The Award was established
under Proclamation 1001
dated April 27, 1972 an
signed by the former
Processes in Naming a National Artist
president Ferdinand Marcos
The Goals behind the Award
 To recognize Filipino artist who
have made significant
contributions to the cultural
heritage of the country
 To give due honor to Filipino
artistic accomplishment at its
highest level and creative
*the members of NCCA and CCP are
expression as significant to the
disqualified from being nominated
development of a national
cultural identity, and also to
individuals who have dedicated
their lives to their works to
forge new paths an directions
for future generations of
Filipino artist
1. Artist who have distinguished
themselves by pioneering in a
mode of creative expression or
style, thus making an impact on
succeeding generations of
artists
2. Artists who have created a
substantial and significant body
of works and/or consistently
displayed excellence in the
practice of their art form thus
enriching artistic expression or
style
1. Nomination
2. Submission of Nomination
Forms
3. First Deliberation
4. Second Deliberation
5. Submission of the list to the
President of Philippines
6. President confers the Honors
Day 19
Understanding the significance of
roles of the Gawad ng Manlilikhang
Bayan Awardees in the Philippine
Culture and Arts (Introduction)
National Commission of Culture and
the Arts of the Philippines- has
prestigious set of awards to Filipinos
who give devotion in what they,
respectively their artistic creatively
that contributed Philippine history
both past and present
Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan/
National Living Treasures Award
 Institutionalized on April 1992
under Republic Act No. 7335
 National Commision for Culture
and the Arts (NCCA) is tasked
with the administration and
implementation of the award
 has its roots in the 1988
National Folk Artist Award
organized by the Rotary Club of
Makati-Ayala
Manlilikha Ng Bayan Defined
 Republic Act No. 7355,
“Manlilikhang Bayan” shall
mean a citizen engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino
whose distinctive skills have
reached such a high level of
 technical and artistic excellence
and have been passed on to and
widely practiced by the present
generation in his/her
community with the same
degree of technical and artistic
competence
Guidelines to become Manlilikha ng
Bayan
a. He/ she is inhabitant of an
indigenous/traditional cultural
community anywhere in the
Philippines that has preserved
indigenous customs, beliefs,
rituals, and traditional and/or
has syncretized whatever
external elements that have
influenced it.
b. He/she must have engaged in a
folk art tradition that has been
in existence and documented for
at least fifty years
c. He/she must have consistently
performed or produced over a
significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality
d. He/ she must possess a mastery
of tools and materials needed by
the art, and must have an
established reputation in the
art as master and maker of
Incentives received by the awardee
works of extraordinary
technical quality
e. He/she must have passed on
and/or will pass on to other
members of the community
their skills in the folk art for
which the community is
traditionally known
 A traditional artist who possess
all the qualities of a Manlilikha
ng Bayan candidate, but due to
age or infirmity has left him/her
incapable of teaching further
his/her craft may still be
recognized if:
a. He/she had created significant
body of words and/or has
consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of
his/her art, thus achieving
important contributions for its
development
b. He/she has been instrumental
in the revitalization of his/her
community’s artistic tradition
c. He/she has passed on to the
other members of the
community skills in the folk art
for which the community is
traditionally known
d. His/her community has
recognized him/her as master
and teacher of his/her craft
A. Manlilikhang Bayan Awardee
 Specially designed gold
medallion
 Initial grant of 100 000 pesos
 10 000 pesos monthly stipend
for life
Republic Act No. 7355- states that
“the monetary grant may be increased
whenever circumstances so warrant”
 A monthly personal allowance
of 14 000 pesos for the awardees
 A maximum cumulative amount
of 750 000 pesos medical and
hospitalization benefits
annually similar to that
received by the National Artists
 Funeral assistance/tribute fir
for a National Living Treasure
Day 20
1993
Gawad ng Manlilikhang Bayan
Awardees of 1993
1. Ginaw Bilog
- Poet
- Hanunoo Mangyan from
Mansalay, Mindoro
- Ambahan- the key to the
understanding of the
Mangyan soul
- Shared old and new
ambahans with his fellow
 Mangyans and promotes this
poetic form every occasion
2. Masino Intaray
- Musician and Storyteller
- Gifted poet, Board artist,
and musician who was born
near the head of the river in
Makagwa Valley on the
foothill of Mantalingayan
Montain in Palawan
- Master of :
a. Basal- gong or music
ensemble
b. Kulilal- highly lyrical
poem expressing
passionate love (played
with Kusyapi (two
stringed lute) man;
Pagang (bamboo zither)
woman)
c. Bagit- strictly
instrumental music
depicting the rhythms,
movements and sounds of
nature
3. Samaon Sulaiman
- Musician
- Mama sa Pano,
Maguindanao
- Achieved highest level of
excellence in the art of
Kutyapi Playing
- Maguindanao Kutyapi- one
of the most technically
demanding and difficult to
master among Filipino
traditional instruments
- 35- most acclaimed kutyapi
master and teacher
- has influenced other
acknowledged experts in
Kutyapi such as Esmael
Ahmad, Bitul Sulaiman,
Nguda Latip, Ali Ahmad,
Tukal Nanalon
Day 21
1998
Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan
awardees of 1998
1. Lang Dulay
- Textile weaver
- T’boli from lake sebu, south
Cotabato
- Traditional weaver of
Tnalak or Tboli cloth
- Tnalak- tedious process that
begins with stripping the
stem of abaca plant to get
the fibers
- Bulinglangit (clouds),
Bankiring (Hair bangs)
Kabangi (Butterfly)
- Her textile reflects wisdom
and the visions of her people
2. Salinta Monon
- Textile weaver
- She and her sister are the
only remaining Bagobo
Weavers
- Started weaving at 12 and at
the age of 65 she can identify
the designs as well as the
author of woven piece
- Built solid reputation for the
quality of her work
- Favorite work : Binuwaya
Day 22
2000
Gwad sa Manlilikhang Bayan
Awardees of 2000
1. Alonzo Saclag
- Musician and Dancer
- Lubugan, Kalinga
- Received no instruction but
mastered not only Kalinga
Musical instruments but
also the dance patterns and
the movements associated
with the People’s rituals.
- Advocates the
documentation of their
philosophies before they
become eroded by foreign
influences
- Preserved artifacts such as
Kalinga gong
- Lubuagan Branch of the
National Museum was built
 -he forme the Kalinga
Budong Dance Troupe
2. Federico Caballero
- Epic Chanter
- Sulod-Bukidnon, Calinog
Iloilo
- Ceaselessly works for the
documentation of oral
literature particularly epics
- Painstakingly pieces
together the elements of this
oral literature nearly lost
- Collaborated with other
researchers to document
what is referred to as
Humadapnon and Labaw
Dunggon
- Works with the Bureau of
Nonformal Education
3. Uwang Ahadas
- Yakan from Lamitan,
Basilan
- Mastered Yakan Musical
Instruments such as:
Gabbang (bamboo
xylophone), Agung,
Kwintangan (female
instrument)
- he teaches by showing;
Students learn by doing
Day 23
2004
Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan - Ilocano from San Quintin,
Awardees of 2004 Abra
- Tabungaw – head gear made
1. Darhata Sawabi
of the native gourd, hollowed
- Textile weaver
out, polished, and varnished
- Tausug from Parang, Sulu
- can last up to 3-4
- Mastered the art of weaving
generations
Pissyabit -the traditional
- master artisan since he
cloth worn as head covering
learned how to make gourd
by Tausug of Jolo
casques and weave baskets
2. Eduardo Mutoc
2. Magdalena Gamayo
- Metalsmith
- Textile Weaver
- From Apalit, Pampanga
- Ilocano fro Pinili, Ilocos
- Dedicated his life to creating
Norte
religious and secular art in
- Master weaver of abel
silver, bronze, wood
- She learned the art of
- Devoted in teaching young
weaving from her aunt
generation his
- Taught herself the
craftsmanship
traditional patterns of
3. Haja Amina Appi
Binakol, inuritan (geometric
- Mat weaver
designs), Kusikos (Spiral)m
- Sama from Tandubas, Tawi-
Sinansabong (Flowers)
Tawi
- She started teaching
- Master mat weaver among
younger women of her
the Sama indigenous
expertise
community
- In their community, weaving
is exclusive for women
Day 24
2012
Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan
Awardeed of 2012
1. Teofolio Garcia
 Situating and exploring the text in
the context of the nation in the
21st century: Survival
The Safe House by Sandra Nicole
Roldan
o 1982-1984
o Their house is located in
Literature
a subdivision with luxury
Day 16 cars, swimming pool,
clubhouse, and tennis
Situating and exploring the text in
court
the context of the nation in the
o A 5 year old girl thinks
21st century: Authoritarianism
that their visitors are
Proclamation 1081 (September Relatives, aunts and
21,1972) – placed the Philippines uncles
under Martial Law signed by o The new uncle is a giant
President Ferdinand Marcos who towers over everyone
else with band-aids
Marcos built up the cult of
instead of toenails
September 21, proclaiming it as
o She heard the words:
National Thanksgiving Day by
Sundalo, Kasama,
virtue of Proclamation No. 1180 s.
Talahib and Katawan
1973 to memorialize the date as
o Her mother serves them
the foundation day of his New
Dusty Beer Bottles which
Society
were actually explosives
Apo on the wall by BJ Patino o She heard the words:
Underground,
Apo: Ferdinand Marcos Revolution, Taxes and
Father: Former soldier or Bills from her mother
personnel of Marcos o Her mother left them
o There was a small red
Day 17 book which the visitors
hide under their clothes
o In 1984, her father got
arrested
o Her father was moved to
Camp Crame which she
thought was their new
house
o She painted the walls
blue, pink and yellow
o She painted a sun, moon
and stars on the red floor
to give light (hope)
o Though she understands
the fire behind their
words, she remains a
stranger to their world
Day 19
A pilgrimage of redefining by
Pete Rahon
o Marcos and Imelda were a
much-prized item in
Ilocos
o Their legacy is like a curse
that hardly could be
dispelled
o Marcos was the Apo
among Ilocanos
o He is looked up to as a
hero
o A monument was built in
his hometown in Batac
o His involvement with
student organization
made him realize the real
 score in Marco’s
governance
o The history of Marcoses
were to be as lustrous and
bright as it used to be
Day 20
Poverty- is general scarcity or the state
of one who lacks a certain amount of
material possessions or money
Lengua Para Diablo by Merlinda Bobis
Excerpt from banana heart summer
Lengua- Spanish dish made of beef
tongue
The story happened in a Filipino
Household
Father- mason/ works in masonry
Tiyo Anding- neighbor/ also a mason
Spanish Mestizo – boss/ devil (by the
little girl)
 The mother always complains; “I
am already taking a peek at hell”
 The father always promises of
an electric fan, bigger windows,
and bigger house
 He always says “the devil ate my
words”
 The little girl thought that his
father sold his tongue to the
devil.
 She thought that he should also
sell his esophagus and stomach
to taste the flavors of finest Justice System
quality foods
December 2011- Chief Justice
Day 21
Renato Corona was impeached by
Gender Inequality
the Philippine Senate, with 16
senators voting to impeach him
Concubinage- if a man finds guilty of
and three senators voting for
having an affair
acquittal.
Adultery- if a woman finds guilty of
having an affair SALN (Statement of Assets,
Liabilities, and Net-Worth) – a
Prelude by Daryll Delgado public document required for all
Characters government officials. It ensures
- Nenita that public officials doesn’t accept
- Husband bribes or are not prone to
- Juez/ late judge corruption
- Judge’s widow
Delsa Flores – a court interpreter.
 Nenita is very fond of a TV host
Fired after she had failed to
named Willy Revillame
declare a market stall in her SALN
 His husband had affairs but
Nenita always takes him back Justice by Ralph Sermino Galan
and takes care of him
J. Elizalde Navarro- painted “Is
 They were celebrating the 9th
this Philippine Justice?”
death anniversary of the Juez
or the late judge in the
Municipal Hall
 There had been rumors about
Nenita’s husband having an
affair with the judge’s wife
 Nenita poisoned his husband
with the help of her herbalista
friend that is why he collapsed
during the event
Day 22