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UNIT-2 Magnetic Circuits
UNIT-2 Magnetic Circuits
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Estimation of total MMF
The estimation of total mmf required to establish magnetization
in the magnetic circuit involves the knowledge of dimension and
configuration of the magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit is
split in to two convenient parts which may be connected in series
or parallel. The flux density is calculated in every part and mmf
per unit length is found by B-H curve of the concern material.
The parts of magnetic circuits are:
i. Air gap
ii. Core: Stator core and rotor core
iii. Teeth: Stator teeth and rotor teeth
iv. Pole : In case of dc machine & salient pole synchronous m/c
v. Yoke: In case of dc machine
MMF for Air-Gap
The iron surfaces around the air gap are not smooth due to one or
both of iron surfaces around the air gap may be slotted or radial
ventilating ducts in the machine for cooling or presence of
salient poles in the machine, so the calculation of mmf by
ordinary methods give wrong results. These problems are solved
with special techniques.
Let
Case-1
Consider the iron surfaces on the two sides of the air gap to be
smooth and the gap length to be uniform.
Let
Case-2
Consider the iron surfaces on one side of the air gap to be
smooth and slotted on the other side. Assume flux path through
air gap for one slot pitch is confined to width wt.
As shown in figure flux can not confine to a width alone but to
fringing it will spread over to a greater width. The value of
reluctance now decrease but more than in case-1.
Consider that in a slot pitch the flux is spread over to a width ys’.
or
Here kc1 and kc2 are carter’s coefficients for stator and rotor slots
respectively and are the function of (wo1/lg1) and (wo2/lg2).
Case-4
Consider the iron surface of the air gap having radial ventilating
ducts.
As per case-2 and 3
a) With number of ducts on one side, the core length will be
(L-kd.nd.wd) and change in flux density from B to B’;
where
Here kd1 and kd2 are carter coefficients for stator and rotor ducts
and function of [wd1/(1/2.lg)] and [wd2/(1/2.lg)] respectively.
Case-5
Consider the effect of saliency. In salient poles the air gap is
minimum at the centre along the direct axis and increases as the
pole tip is approached. In this case the mmf for air gap per pole
for a machine with salient pole on one side
and smooth surface on the other is:
Let (Bt)1/3 = flux density at 1/3rd tooth height from narrower end
(ht)1/3= corresponding at/m from the B-H curve
Let
Φs = total flux over one slot
Φi = flux passing through tooth alone
Φa = flux passes through slot alone
Φs = Φi + Φa
Divide the above equation by Ai teeth area over a slot pitch
ATg = 800,000 Bg * lg
Now let coil space factor Kc which is the ratio of cross section area of copper
in the coil to total cross section area occupied by coil including insulation
Aw = T*a/Kc mm2
= T*a*10-6/Kc
Also Aw = h*d m2; d= depth of the coil in meters
From above values of Aw
a = (h*d*Kc*10-6)/T mm2